Multitone jamming rejection of FFH/BFSK linear-combining receiverover Rayleigh-fading channels

A computationally efficient BER expression for an FFH/BFSK linear-combining receiver against multitone jamming and AWGN over Rayleigh-fading channels is derived based on a Taylor series expansion. The analytical expression, validated by simulation results, allows us to efficiently analyse the system performance with higher diversity levels, which is otherwise mathematically intractable     

Performance analysis of an FFH/BFSK product-combining receiverunder multitone jamming

The performance of a fast frequency-hopped binary frequency-shift keying (FFH/BFSK) spread-spectrum (SS) communication system is studied in this paper. The FFH system employs a product-combining receiver against the worst case multitone jamming (MTJ) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The compact characteristic functions of the natural logarithm of the product-combiner outputs are obtained based on the Taylor series expansion. The characteristic functions are then used to derive the bit error rate (BER) expressions that are applicable to higher diversity levels. Our analysis, validated by the simulation results, shows that the band MTJ is generally more harmful than the corresponding independent MTJ. The BER performance of the product-combining receiver is shown to possess good MTJ rejection capability compared to that of the soft-decision linear-combining receiver, especially under both moderate and strong MTJ power conditions     

Multitone jamming rejection of FFH/BFSK spread-spectrum system overfading channels

Analytical expressions for bit-error probability are derived for a fast frequency-hopping binary frequency-shift keying (FFH/BFSK) spread-spectrum communication system over a fading channel with worst-case band multitone jamming (MTJ) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). An FFH system employing either a linear-combining receiver or a clipper receiver is investigated. The desired signal and MTJ are assumed to undergo independent fading, and our analysis, validated with simulation results, shows that the performance of the system is slightly improved as the severity of the MTJ fading is increased. The clipper receiver is found to be superior to the linear-combining receiver when the jamming power is strong. The worst-case MTJ is shown to be more harmful than the corresponding worst-case partial-band noise jamming over a fading channel with AWGN     

Performance Study of an FFH/BFSK Self-Normalizing Receiver with Multitone Jamming's Frequency Offsets

This study investigates how frequency offsets of multitone jamming affect the fast frequency-hopped binary frequency shift keying (FFH/BFSK)self-normalizing (SNZ) receiver under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The average bit-error-rate (BER) expressions of the FFH/BFSK SNZ receiver and the average BER expressions of an FFH/BFSK spread-spectrum (SS) communication system with frequency offsets of multitone jamming for the sake of understanding the simulation results better. Simulation results show that BER performance of the FFH/BFSK SNZ receiver with diversity under the worst casemultitone jamming (MTJ) and AWGN suffers from multitone jamming's frequency offsets when the jamming power is moderate, which is validated by several simulations with different frequency offsets configured in multitone jamming. Therefore, an FFH/BFSK SNZ receiver under multitone jamming can be combated with the help of frequency offsets of multitone jamming.     

FFH/BFSK AGC接收机在部分带干扰Nakagami衰落信道下的性能分析

该文对基于自适应增益控制(AGC)的非相干快速跳频二进制正交移频键控(FFH/BFSK)扩频(SS)接收机在同时存在部分带干扰(PBJ)和加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)的频率非选择性慢衰落Nakagami信道下的比特误码率(BER)性能进行了分析,推导出一重积分形式的BER准确表达式,分析了衰落参数和分集数目取任意值时对系统性能的影响,数值分析结果比较了AGC接收机与乘积合并(PC)接收机在最坏情况下的BER性能。与以往误码率分析方法相比,本文所用方法的优点在于用统一的分析模式可以分析系统在不同衰落信道下的性能,简化了分析步骤。     

Error probabilities of an FFH/BFSK self-normalizing receiver in aRician fading channel with multitone jamming

We derive the analytical bit-error rate (BER) expressions for a fast frequency-hopped binary frequency-shift keying self-normalizing receiver over a fading channel with the worst-case band multitone jamming (MTJ) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The desired signal and MTJ are assumed to undergo independent Rician fading and our analyses, validated with simulation results, show that the system performance is not sensitive to different types of MTJ fading conditions. The self-normalizing receiver is found to be superior to the linear-combining receiver when the signal amplitude does not experience severe fading, while the converse is true under Rayleigh fading signal conditions. Under a Rician fading channel and AWGN conditions, the worst-case MTJ and the worst-case partial-band noise jamming are shown to have similar effects on the BER performance of the self-normalizing receiver with diversity     

Performance analysis of FFH/BFSK product-combining receiver with partial-band jamming over independent Rician fading channels

This study investigates how independent Rician fading channels affect both the fast frequency-hopped binary frequency shift keying (FFH/BFSK) product-combining receiver (PCR) and partial-band jammer (PBJ). We demonstrate that the average bit-error-rate (BER) expressions of FFH/BFSK PCR can be derived with the aid of an approximation by quantizing the product-combiner's output. Numerical results show that system performance of the FFH/BFSK PCR over fading channels and PBJ is lower than that in nonfaded PBJ at a low signal-to-jammer density ratio E/sub b//N/sub J/.     

Partial-band jammer suppression in FFH spread-spectrum system usingFFT

This paper presents the performance evaluation of partial-band jammer suppression using fast Fourier transform (FFT) as an alternative in a fast frequency-hopped spread-spectrum (FFH/SS) communication system. The FFH/SS system employs a clipper to restrict the effect of a partial-band jammer before diversity combining. No additional side information of the jammer is required, and the analytical expression for the bit error rate (BER) is derived. It is shown that the performance of the FFT-based clipper receiver is better than that of the square-law linear combining receiver and comparable to that of the square-law clipper receiver     

Partial-band jamming rejection of FFH/BFSK with product combiningreceiver over a Rayleigh-fading channel

An exact closed-form expression of the characteristic function is derived for a fast frequency-hopping (FFH) binary orthogonal frequency-shift-keying (FSK) spread-spectrum (SS) communication system. The FFH system employs a product combining receiver over a Rayleigh-fading channel with partial-band jamming and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The derived characteristic function is then used to obtain a compact bit error rate (BER) expression for different diversity levels. Our study shows that there exists an optimum diversity level under certain channel conditions     

光纤色散对FFH—OCDMA系统误码率的影响

介绍了光纤色散对快跳频光码分多址（FFH-OCDMA）系统结构，分析了系统性能并进行计算机仿真。结果表明，在FFH-OCDMA系统中，光纤色散导致解码自相关光脉冲峰值功率和光脉冲取样能量的降低，进而导致系统误码率（BER）的增加，最后，提出用改变判决门限的方法来降低色散对BER的影响。     

MFSK/FFH系统多用户能力分析与仿真

MFSK/FFH系统特指采用快速跳频（FFH）技术和多进制频移键控（MFSK）非相干解调技术的系统,主要研究MFSK/FFH通信系统的多用户能力,并把它与差分跳频技术DFH的组网能力进行对比分析。通过分析MFSK/FFH通信系统的性能,给出了MFSK/FFH通信系统和差分跳频系统的比特差错率公式,为了公平对比MFSK/FFH网络和差分跳频网的组网能力,采用多用户频带利用率这个参数,理论和仿真表明,采用特定的检测方法,MFSK/FFH系统的多用户能力比差分跳频系统的好。     

Performance of FFH/BFSK product combining receiver over aRician-fading channel with partial-band jamming

A theoretical performance evaluation for an FFH/BFSK spread spectrum product combining receiver over a Rician-fading channel in the presence of partial-band jamming and AWGN is presented. The BER of this receiver is better than that of a linear combining receiver for a strong direct signal, and improvement is significant when diversity is increased     

相干快跳频系统中基于最大似然合并的多音干扰抑制算法研究

频率子集相干快跳频系统(S-CFFH)是一种新颖的快跳频方案,可在FFH系统中实现有效信道估计。本文推导了S-CFFH/BPSK系统在多音干扰(MTJ)和瑞利衰落信道中最大似然(ML)合并的理论误码率,给出了理想估计信道时的误码率闭合表达式,也给出了非理想估计信道时在特殊情况下的误码率闭合表达式,并通过仿真验证了理论推导的正确性。仿真结果表明S-CFFH/BPSK系统中的ML合并与最大比合并(MRC)相比有显著的干扰抑制增益,并且有效降低了干扰方的干扰效率;与非相干FFH/BFSK系统的ML合并相比,随着信干比的增大,S-CFFH/BPSK系统的ML合并展示出显著的性能增益。      

乘积合并接收的差分跳频通信系统在瑞利衰落信道上抗部分频带干扰的性能分析

该文介绍了一种新型短波跳频通信技术差分跳频,频率转移函数设计和信号的检测方法是差分跳频中的关键技术。在瑞利衰落信道上,在有部分频带干扰和加性高斯白噪声共存的条件下,采用乘积合并接收的方法,对差分跳频通信系统的误符号性能进行了理论分析,同时做出相应的计算机仿真。结果证实了,在瑞利衰落信道上差分跳频通信系统采用乘积合并接收的方法要比采用线性合并接收的方法具备更好的抗部分频带干扰的性能。     

Error probabilities and performance comparisons of various FFH/MFSK receivers with multitone jamming

Analytical bit-error-rate (BER) expressions are derived for various fast frequency-hopped (FFH) M-ary frequency-shift-keying receivers with the worst-case multitone jamming and additive white Gaussian noise. The BER results for different receivers are compared and the effects of the optimum diversity level on BER performance are also presented.     

差分跳频通信系统抗部分频带噪声干扰的性能分析

该文介绍了一种新型的短波跳频通信技术差分跳频。频率转移函数设计和信号的检测方法是差分跳频中的关键技术。针对逐符号检测接收和序列检测线性合并接收两种信号检测接收方法,分别就差分跳频通信系统抗部分频带噪声干扰的性能进行了理论分析,同时做出相应的计算机仿真。结果证实,差分跳频通信技术与序列检测线性合并接收方法的相结合,使通信系统的抗部分频带噪声干扰的性能得到了比较显著的提升。     

Lightpath routing and spectrum allocation over elastic optical networks in content provisioning with cloud migration

In this paper, an improved receiver based on diversity combining is proposed to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of layered asymmetrically clipped optical fast orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-FOFDM) for intensity-modulated and direct-detected (IM/DD) optical transmission systems. Layered ACO-FOFDM can compensate the weakness of traditional ACO-FOFDM in low spectral efficiency, the utilization of discrete cosine transform in FOFDM system instead of fast Fourier transform in OFDM system can reduce the computational complexity without any influence on BER performance. The BER performances of layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver based on diversity combining and DC-offset FOFDM (DCO-FOFDM) system with optimal DC-bias are compared at the same spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that under different optical bit energy to noise power ratios, layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver has 2.86, 5.26 and 5.72 dB BER performance advantages at forward error correction limit over DCO-FOFDM system when the spectral efficiencies are 1, 2 and 3 bits/s/Hz, respectively. Layered ACO-FOFDM system with improved receiver based on diversity combining is suitable for application in the adaptive IM/DD systems with zero DC-bias.     

Another look at the BER performance of FFH/BFSK with productcombining over partial-band jammed Rayleigh-fading channels

Product combining (PC) is a well-known diversity technique that effectively combat the effect of partial-band jamming (PBJ) affecting fast-frequency hopping/frequency-shift-keying (FFH/FSK) systems. We present two approaches for the average bit error rate (BER) evaluation of FFH/FSK systems with PC over Rayleigh channels subject to PBJ. We first rely on the fact that the decision statistic at the output of PC receivers can be viewed as a product of F-variates to obtain the average BER in the form of a rapidly converging infinite series, which can be readily evaluated numerically for cases of practical interest. We then rely on the theory of H function random variables to present a second approach for the average BER evaluation of PC over partial-band jammed Rayleigh-fading channels. The final closed-form formula is expressed in terms of the Meijer's G function, which can be easily evaluated using common mathematical software for small values of the diversity order. Based on this result, we also develop another infinite series representation for the average BER. Numerical experiments show that the latter series representation offers a speed-up factor in evaluating the average BER for high values of the diversity order. The mathematical formalism is illustrated by numerical examples showing the effect of various parameters on the performance of the system     

Mellin-Transform-Based Performance Analysis of FFH $M$ -ary FSK Using Product Combining for Combatting Partial-Band Noise Jamming

We employ the Mellin transform to facilitate the bit error ratio (BER) analysis of a fast frequency hopping (FFH)-assisted, $M$-ary frequency-shift keying (MFSK) using product combining (PC) when the transmitted signal is subjected to both Rayleigh fading and partial-band noise jamming. Exploiting the fact that the Mellin transform of the product of independent random variables is the product of their Mellin transforms, we derive the probability density function (PDF) of the PC's output. The derivation of the PDF then allows the computation of the system's BER. It is shown that the Mellin transform substantially simplifies the analysis of the PC receiver and hence facilitates, for the first time, the analysis of the FFH-MFSK PC receiver for modulation orders of $M ≫ 2$.      

Antijam performance of FFH/BFSK with noise-normalization combining in a Nakagami-m fading channel with partial-band interference

The bit error rate (BER) performance of a noncoherent fast frequency-hopped binary orthogonal frequency-shift-keying (FFH/BFSK) spread spectrum noise-normalization combining receiver is evaluated in the presence of partial-band interference (PBI) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) over independent frequency-nonselective slowly Nakagami-m fading channels. It is shown from the analytical results, and verified by simulation, that a higher diversity level greatly improves the worst-case performance of the noise-normalization receivers over Rayleigh or more severe fading channels, while a lower diversity level is preferred for less severe fading channels. In the former case, a full band strategy is optimal for the interferer and a partial-band strategy is more disruptive in the latter case.