红外焦平面阵列传感器中带隙基准源的设计

本文提出一种适用于红外焦平面阵列传感器的高精度BiCMOS电压基准和电流基准设计方案。该方案采用新型电压基准输出级降低Brokaw带隙基准源中的厄尔利效应使电流镜电流完全匹配,同时减小电压基准的输出阻抗;接着利用共源共栅结构的偏置电流提高带隙基准的电源抑制（Power Supply Rejection,PSR）特性;最后通过四个MOSFET管将基准电压和电阻电压钳制相等,进而得到一个高精度、低温度系数的电流基准;而以单个二极管连接的MOSFET作为电流基准启动电路的方式,可更进一步降低电路复杂性。系统采用CSMC 0.5um BiCMOS工艺,利用Cadence Spectre工具对电路进行仿真。结果表明,在电源电压5V,-40°C到125°C温度范围内,基准电压和基准电流的温度系数分别为13.11ppm/°C和31.18ppm/°C,输出电流波动低于0.5%,整体电路的PSR为-86.83dB,解决了恒定跨导基准源精度低的缺陷,符合红外焦平面阵列对基准源高精度、高PSR和低功耗的要求。     

基于BiCMOS工艺可修调的高精度低温度系数带隙基准源设计

设计了一种利用电阻比值校正一阶温度系数带隙基准电路的非线性温度特性来实现低温度系数的高精度低温度系数带隙基准源;同时设置了修调电路提高基准电压的输出精度.该带隙基准源采用0.8μm BiCMOS(Bipolar-CMOS)工艺进行流片,带隙基准电路所占面积大小为0.04 mm2.测试结果表明:在5 V电源电压下,在温度-40℃～125℃范围内,基准电压的温度系数为1.2×10-5/℃,基准电流的温度系数为3.77×10-4/℃;电源电压在4.0 V～7.0 V之间变化时,基准电压的变化量为0.4 mV,电源调整率为0.13 mV/V;基准电流的变化量为变化量约为0.02μA,电源调整率为6.7 nA/V.     

用于温度传感器芯片的高精度低温度系数带隙基准源

为了满足温度传感器芯片对带隙基准源高性能的要求,设计了一种高精度低温度系数带隙基准源。该带隙基准源利用电阻比值校正了一阶温度系数带隙基准电路的非线性温度特性,使得输出的基准电压的精度和温度系数有了很大提高。采用0.8μm BiCMOS（Bipolar-CMOS）工艺进行流片,带隙基准电路所占面积大小为0.04mm???2。测试结果表明：在5V电源电压下,在温度-40~125℃范围内,基准电压的温度系数为1.2×10-5/℃,基准电流的温度系数为3.77×10-4/℃;电源电压在4.0~7.0V之间变化时,基准电压的变化量为0.4 mV,电源调整率为0.13mV/V;基准电流的变化量为变化量约为0.02μA ,电源调整率为6.7nA /V。     

一款高PSRR低温度系数的带隙基准电压源的设计

本文分析了带隙基准电路的基本结构和原理,并采用IBM 0.13μm的CMOS工艺设计了一款低温度系数高电源抑制比(PSRR)低温度系数的带隙基准电压源。其电路结构主要包括启动电路、运算放大器、基准源核心电路等。在10kHz处,PSRR可到达-75d B。-20~150μC温度范围内,输出电压范围为0.5494V±0.0004V,其平均温度系数约为4 .4ppm/°C。     

一种CMOS带隙基准源的设计与仿真

分析了传统带隙基准源的基本原理,并在此基础上一款CMOS带隙基准源电路。该电路基于UMC0.18μm CMOS工艺设计,利用cadence软件进行仿真。仿真结果表明,CMOS带隙基准源稳定输出电压1.22V,该电路在温度从-50-100℃进行扫描,其变化率为10.7ppm/℃,电源电压在1.7V-1.9V范围内发生变化时帯隙基准源输出电压变化很小。     

一种用于高精度DAC的实用型CMOS带隙基准源

为了满足一种高速、高精度DAC的设计要求。通过带隙基准电压源的基本设计原理,设计了一种实用型的基准电压源,获得了一个快速启动、高稳定性的电压基准电路。基于40 nm的CMOS标准工艺并用cadence软件进行了后仿真,仿真结果表明在室温下,电源电压为2.5 V时输出基准电压为1.184 V;启动时间为0.5μs;消耗功耗为0.185 5 mW;在-15℃~75℃的温度范围内温度漂移系数为8.7×10~(-5)/℃;在低频时电源电压抑制比为-85 dB;绘制版图的面积大小仅为154.799μm×48.656μm。     

高精度、低功耗带隙基准源及其电流源设计

提出一种适用于红外焦平面阵列传感器的高精度BiCMOS电压基准和电流基准设计方案。该方案采用新型电压基准输出级降低Brokaw带隙基准源中的厄尔利效应使电流镜电流完全匹配,同时减小电压基准的输出阻抗;接着利用共源共栅结构的偏置电流提高带隙基准的电源抑制PSR(Power Supply Rejection)特性;最后通过4个MOSFET管将基准电压和电阻电压钳制相等,进而得到一个高精度、低温度系数的电流基准;而以单个二极管连接的MOSFET作为电流基准启动电路的方式,可更进一步降低电路复杂性。系统采用CSMC 0.5μm BiCMOS工艺,利用Cadence Spectre工具对电路进行仿真。结果表明,在电源电压5 V,-40℃到125℃温度范围内,基准电压和基准电流的温度系数分别为13×10-6/℃和31×10-6/℃,输出电流波动低于0.5%,整体电路的PSR为-86.83 dB,解决了恒定跨导基准源精度低的缺陷,符合红外焦平面阵列对基准源高精度、高PSR和低功耗的要求。     

一种基于斩波调制的带隙基准电压源

为了消除由于晶体管不匹配产生的随机失调对带隙基准源精度的影响,设计了一种采用斩波调制技术的带隙基准电压源。该方法采用对称性OTA的结构来减小带隙基准电压源的系统失调,并利用带隙基准核心电路中的与绝对温度成正比(PTAT)的电流源为OTA提供自适应偏置,从而较小了整个电路的功耗。通过基于0.35μm CMOS工艺并使用Cadence Spectre工具对电路进行仿真,结果表明:斩波频率为100 Hz时,基准电压在室温(27℃)的输出为1.232 V,该带隙基准的供电电压的范围为1.4~3 V;在电压为3 V时,在-40~125℃温度范围内的温度系数为24.6 ppm/℃。     

1.2V基准电压源设计

基于0.35μm CSMC CMOS工艺设计并流片了一款典型的带隙基准电压源芯片,输出不随温度变化的高精度基准电压。电路包括核心电路、运放和启动电路三部分。芯片在3.3V供电电压,-40oC到80oC的温度范围内进行测试,结果显示输出电压波动范围为1.2128V～1.2175V,温度系数为32.2 ppm/oC。电路的版图面积为135μm×236μm,芯片大小为1 mm×1 mm。     

一种带曲率补偿的基准及过温保护电路

介绍了一种低温漂的 BiCMOS 带隙基准电压源及过温保护电路。采用 Brokaw 带隙基准核结构,通过二阶曲率补偿技术,设计了一种在-40℃～+160℃的温度变化范围内温度系数为25ppm/K、输出电压为1.2±0.000 5V 的带隙基准电压源电路。电源电压抑制比典型情况下为72dB。这种用于内部集成的带热滞回功能的过温保护电路,过温关断阈值温度为160℃,温度降低,安全开启阈值温度140℃,设计的热滞回差很好地防止了热振荡现象。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.