基于光学互易回路的全光纤电流互感器的研究与应用

针对传统有源电磁式互感器易饱和、稳定性与抗干扰能力差、安装受限等问题,本文基于Faraday磁光效应,设计了一种无源全光纤电流互感器,通过旋光角来测量被测电流;设计互感器以HB Spun光纤作为传感元件,无饱和现象,可用于大电流测量;利用光学互易回路,消除光路中温度、光纤缺陷等因素对旋光角测量的干扰;采用反射式光路将电场引起的旋光角放大4倍,实现小电流的精确测量;传感元件采用柔性传感光纤环结构,形状可变,适应复杂空间内电流的测量。对比了不同圈数的柔性光纤传感环与标准电流互感器的测量精度,结果表明,本文设计的光学互易回路可以消除温度对电流测量的影响,全光纤电流互感器在-5℃~70℃全温度范围内精度为0.5,可实现小电流的精确测量。     

一种用于电流互感器校验的新型电子式负载箱

由于现有电工式电流互感器负载箱容量范围有限,扩大量限只能到120％,并且存在由于切换开关接触电阻导致误差超差的弊端.研究提出了一种采用电子线路实现电流互感器负载箱的系统,系统测量互感器的二次电流,采用D/A转换器调节同相与正交信号幅值并合成后通过功放输出电压,模拟电工式负载在互感器校验回路的状态.研究分析了系统与常规负载箱的等效性.对系统的测量结果误差偏差小于±3％,在可接受范围内.该系统轻巧、可靠、稳定,输出容量和功率因数在范围内可以任意设定,满足试验室及现场校验互感器要求.     

光致变色聚合物的光学性能与应用

综述了光致变色聚合物的光学性能及应用的近期研究进展，首先，介绍了光诱导双折射及双色现象形成机理及实验方法，并讨论了分子结构与外部条件对上述现象的影响。其次，介绍了光致变色聚合开关线性光学性能和应用。如由光助极化和全光极化形成的光开关现象将有可能引起数字存储或光-光开关等新装置的出现，最后，简单说明了光诱导表面光栅在近几年的研究情况，并分析了它们在全息图像存贮，光学过滤器及共振电偶中的潜在应用。     

林尼克结构干涉测量系统误差分析

在应用林尼克结构干涉测量系统进行测量时,发现系统存在一个近似为二次曲面的测量误差.根据光学干涉系统的测量原理,分别对林尼克结构干涉测量系统的相移器误差、摄像机误差和光学系统误差进行了分析,确定光学系统误差是干涉测量系统的主要误差源,其中显微物镜焦点轴向误差是产生系统测量误差曲面的主要原因.以平面为实验测量样件,应用测量系统对参考光臂显微物镜的不同轴向位置进行了测量,通过分析测量结果验证了焦点轴向误差对系统测量误差的影响,并与理论结果进行了比较.     

浅谈光电流互感器实际应用现场分析与处理

随着电力系统的不断发展，特别是电压等级的不断提高，传统电流互感器逐渐暴露出自身无法克服的缺点，如体积过大，绝缘结构越来越复杂，制造难度加大，磁滞饱和，动态准确范围小，输出为模拟信号，需要布设大量电缆等问题日益突出。光学电流互感器是一种基于新型原理的电流互感器，由于采用光学特性实现测量功能，一二次全部采用光缆连接，因此绝缘简单，体积小，克服了传统互感器的磁滞和饱和。本文论述了光学电流互感器的原理、结构、运行管理模式，并结合110kV东华山智能变电站运行中一起光电流互感器引起的事故分析了光电流互感器在运行中的注意事项。     

特高压换流站直流电流互感器暂态性能测试方法

随着国内特高压工程的不断建设,直流电流互感器作为换流站内重要设备,其暂态性能的测试成为当前研究领域的一大热点。针对目前直流电流互感器测试技术的空白,文章分析现有电流互感器的工作原理并提出一种暂态性能测试方法。该系统通过直流信号精确采集技术和基于信号回采自校正调节的直流阶跃源输出构成了测试的基本条件,通过对标准源和被测电流互感器的信号检测对比,计算出电流互感器暂态性能的上升时间、最大过冲和暂态延时等特性。通过在昌吉站进行电流互感器的暂态性能测试,验证方法的有效性,为直流电流互感器的性能评估提供了依据。该方法在直流电流互感器的校验中有着推广意义。     

重叠体光栅相干组束的耦合波分析

目前基于重叠体光栅的相干组束系统还没有完整的理论模型和参数分析,针对这个问题,本文采用耦合波理论,建立了比较完整的基于重叠体光栅的双光束组束模型,给出了各光束在重叠体光栅内传播的解析解.模型表明,基于重叠体光栅的双光束组束系统其输出光强受两入射光的振幅和位相、体光栅间的相移和折射率调制振幅、光栅厚度,失谐量等多个光学参数的影响.通过数值计算,详细分析了各光学参数对组束结果的影响.最后总结了设计高效重叠体光栅相干组束系统时必须遵循的条件,如必须对光栅厚度进行优化、各光栅的折射率调制振幅必须相同,保证失谐量足够小等.     

电子式电流互感器现场计量检定研究

本文在介绍几种电子式电流互感器原理及特点的基础上,结合无源电子式电流互感器和有源电子式互感器现场计量检定的情况,分析现场计量检定中存在的一些问题,指出了其可能对电能计量产生的影响,提出现场校验的一些建议.     

电子式电流互感器校验方法研究

提出一种校验电子式电流互感器模拟量输出和数字量输出的方法,该方法基于采样测量技术,测量标准电流互感器和被校电子式电流互感器的二次输出,比较二者的差异得到被校电子式电流互感器的比值误差和相位误差。详细分析了电子式电流互感器模拟量输出及数字量输出校验方法的测量误差,论证了该方法的合理性和可行性。根据该方法研制的校验装置样机在国家高电压计量站进行了校准测试,测试结果表明,所研制的校验装置满足校验0.2及以下等级计量用电子式电流互感器的准确度要求。     

浅谈光学互感器

正光学电子式电流互感器是利用法拉第(Faraday)磁光效应感应被测信号,传感头部分分为块状玻璃和全光纤2种方式。光学电子式电压互感器利用泡克耳斯效应(Pockels)电光效应或基于逆压电效应或电致仲缩效应感应被测信号,现在研究的光学电压互感器大多是基于泡克耳斯效应。光学电子式互感器传感头部分不需要复杂的供电装置,整个系统的线性度比较好。     

Polarimetric investigation of materials with both linear and circular anisotropy

Abstract

We investigate light propagation through materials with both linear and circular anisotropy and find the relation of the amplitude and polarization transfer functions to the four anisotropic characteristics: linear circular birefringence, and linear and circular dichroism. We determine these four characteristics of anisotropic samples by measuring the output intensity and polarization corresponding to different input polarization azimuths and fitting the theoretical and experimental results. In our experiments we have used films of side-chain azobenzene polyesters in which optical anisotropy had been previously induced on illumination with elliptically polarized light.     

轴向磁场对铌酸锂半波电压的影响

提出了平行与铌酸锂波导方向的轴向磁场对其半波电压产生影响的机理:加在电极上的电场对其中传播的偏振光产生线双折射,而磁场产生圆双折射,两者作用的结果是使得半波电压随磁场而变化。由此导出了半波电压随外界磁场变化的数学模型。仿真和实验结果表明,对于平均波长为1.30μm,20T的磁场,铌酸锂的半波电压可以减小了2.13%。     

Transmission of linearly polarized light through a single-mode fiber with random fluctuations of birefringence

A simple theoretical formalism is developed to describe the effect of transmission on linearly polarized light through a fiber with random fluctuations of birefringence. We conclude that, for any optical fiber that does not experience polarization-dependent gain or loss, there exist two orientations for linearly polarized light input into the optical fiber that will also exit the fiber linearly polarized. We report experimental results that verify this prediction and also investigate its practical implications and limitations; in particular we investigate the stability of these linearly polarized output states in laboratory conditions.     

Polarization phase-shifting interferometric technique for complete evaluation of birefringence

A full-field technique for simultaneous measurement of the magnitude of birefringence and its orientation is presented. This is achieved using a monolithic birefringence sensitive interferometer where the interference fringes carry the information of both the birefringence phase and the orientation of the fast axis of an optically transmissive anisotropic material placed at the output of the interferometer. The interferometer consists of a suitably polarization-masked cube beam splitter, orientated as in the Gates interferometer, which serves to generate a pair of orthogonally polarized and collinearly propagating light beams. Experimental results are obtained through an algorithm incorporating eight polarization phase-shifted interferograms.     

Stress birefringent, space-variant wave plates for vortex illumination

We describe the use of stress birefringence in the creation of vortex illumination. A trifold symmetric stress pattern will provide an annular region that exhibits polarization vortices when illuminated with linearly polarized light and scalar vortices when illuminated with circularly polarized light. A finite element plane-stress model is used to analyze the space-variant anisotropy.     

琼斯矩阵在分布式光纤传感器偏振态分析中的应用

针对基于Sagnac原理的分布式光纤传感器中光波偏振态在双折射影响下所带来的干涉信号"偏振诱导衰落"问题,运用琼斯矩阵分析法,建立了传输光偏振态影响系统功率传输系数的数学模型;根据仿真分析的结果,发现使用反射镜作为反射元件,只能消除光纤圆双折射的影响,而不能消除线性双折射的影响.因此,提出了使用法拉第旋转镜提高系统抗偏振衰落能力的改进方法,仿真结果表明可以很好地消除传感光纤的线性双折射和圆双折射的影响.     

Light propagation in twisted anisotropic media: application to photoreceptors

The propagation of light through a slowly twisting anisotropic medium is described by a coupled-mode theory; expressions are derived for the electric field for the case of a birefringent dichroic medium with a constant rate of twist. The method provides a simple and intuitive means for determing the effect of twisting on the linear birefringence and dichroic absorption of the medium, particularly when the light is initially linearly polarized. The theory is well suited to the analysis of light absorption in twisting insect photoreceptors, such as found in bees and ants. We provide full expressions and useful approximations for polarization sensitivity and the initial direction of polarization to give maximum absorption for several types of photoreceptors.     

Polarization holographic gratings in side-chain azobenzene polyesters with linear and circular photoanisotropy

We investigate thin phase polarization holographic gratings recorded with two waves with orthogonal linear polarizations in materials in which illumination with linearly/circularly polarized light gives rise to linear/circular birefringence. The theoretical analysis shows that the presence of circular photoanisot-ropy changes significantly the diffraction characteristics of the gratings. The intensities of the waves diffracted in the +1 and -1 orders of diffraction and their ratio depend substantially on the reconstructing-wave polarization. Experiments with films of side-chain liquid-crystalline azobenzene polyester that is a photoanisotropic material of the considered type confirm the unusual polarization properties. It is shown that polarization holography may be used for real-time simultaneous measurement of photoinduced linear and circular birefringence.     

Contrast mechanisms in polarization-sensitive Mueller-matrix optical coherence tomography and application in burn imaging

We investigate the various contrast mechanisms provided by polarization-sensitive (PS) Mueller-matrix optical coherence tomography (OCT). Our PS multichannel Mueller-matrix OCT is the first, to our knowledge, to offer simultaneously comprehensive polarization-contrast mechanisms, including the amplitude of birefringence, the orientation of birefringence, and the diattenuation in addition to the polarization-independent intensity contrast, all of which can be extracted from the measured Jones or the equivalent Mueller matrix. Theoretical analysis shows that when diattenuation is negligible, the round-trip Jones matrix represents a linear retarder, which is the foundation of conventional PS-OCT, and can be calculated with a single incident polarization state, although the one-way Jones matrix generally represents an elliptical retarder; otherwise, two incident polarization states are needed. The experimental results obtained from rat skin samples, which conform well with the histology, show that Mueller OCT provides complementary structural and functional information on biological samples and reveal that polarization contrast is more sensitive to thermal degeneration of biological tissue than amplitude-based contrast. Thus, Mueller OCT has significant potential for application in the noninvasive assessment of burn depth.     

Chiral metamaterial composed of three-dimensional plasmonic nanostructures

We introduce a top-down fabricated metamaterial composed of three-dimensional, chiral, plasmonic nanostructures for visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Based on a combined spectroscopic and interferometric characterization, the entire complex transmission response in terms of a Jones matrix is disclosed. Particularly, the polarization output state of light after propagation through the nanostructures can be decoded from the measurements for any excitation configuration. We experimentally found a rotation of the polarization azimuth of linearly polarized light exceeding 50° at wavelengths around 1.08 μm. This corresponds to a specific rotation which is significantly larger than that of any linear, passive, and reciprocal medium reported to date.