Statistical evaluation of biodegradation of news ink vehicles and ink formulations

Soybean oil, commercial news ink vehicles—consisting of either soy or mineral oil and petroleum resins—and United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) 100% modified soy oil-based vehicles were subjected to biodegradation. Soybean oil and each vehicle were inoculated with monocultures and a mixed culture of Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium citrinum, and Mucor racemosus. Fermentations were allowed to proceed for 5, 12, and 25 d. Results show that, in 25 d, soy oil was degraded the most, followed by the USDA’s ink vehicles (USDA I–III), Newspaper Association of America’s (NAA) hybrid soy oil-based and commercial mineral oil-based vehicles. Some differences were found in the abilities of the cultures to degrade the different inks. Color did not appear to affect the degradation rate in soy oil, the USDA inks, or the NAA ink but was a factor in the commercial ink. Statistician.     

纯植物油型NON-VOC胶印油墨设计开发与探索

介绍了环保油墨的类型,分析了纯植物油油墨设计过程中遇到的问题,提出了相应的改进措施。纯植物油油墨是一种环保、性能优良、使用效果好并且节能的新型油墨。     

An ecological approach to printing industry: Development of ecofriendly offset printing inks using vegetable oils and pine resin as renewable raw materials and evaluation of printability

Petroleum-based solvents and synthetic resins are used as raw materials for the production of varnish, which is one of the main components of offset printing inks. These petrochemical compounds that are released to the surrounding in printing process demonstrates harmful effects on environment and human health. In the light of these facts, this study was carried out to investigate the use of renewable natural resources for offset printing inks production to lower environmental impacts and protect human health. In this study, different vegetable-based offset printing inks were developed with safflower oil (SO); grape seed oil (GSO) and Pinus pinaster resin (PPR) and printability analysis were performed. To understand the effect of pine resin in the ink formulation an ink sample with mineral oil (MO) was also produced. Printing tests were carried out with coated papers and the IGT C1 offset printability tester. Color, gloss, rub resistance, viscosity and tack values were measured on the test prints. Comparison of results with standard values figured out the suitability of using the newly developed offset printing inks for printing industry. The color difference values of color differences were in range of tolerance value. The density value of SO-PPR ink was found as same with standard values while the density value GSO-PPR and MO-PPR inks were measured close to standards as 1.45, 1.42, and 1.46, respectively. The results of printability analysis demonstrated appropriate utilization of the renewable sources for ecological development of offset printing inks.     

Gravure offset printing of polymer inks for conductors

A gravure offset printing process has been developed for Ag-filled polymer conductor ink. Pad printing and roller type printing have been used. Curing and electrical properties have been studied. A roller type of gravure offset printing has been used to evaluate the printing process and pad printing to print on the non-planar substrates. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and resistivity measurements during ink curing, it was found that the ink had an optimum curing temperature of 140 °C. Square resistance of 300 and 150 μm wide lines can be as low as 20 and 28 mΩ/sq., respectively, for 7–8.5 μm thick line. The minimum line width was 70 μm. This minimum line width can be reduced with different ink solvents, but in this case the line thickness suffers and the square resistance increases, respectively.     

Effect of paper and printing press variables on the rates of adhesion failure in the linting of offset printing

Lint problems occur when loosely bonded particles detach from the surface of uncoated paper and accumulate on the printing blanket. We investigated the effect of paper and the printing press variables of printing tone and ink tack on linting using a lint camera system and also by stopping the press repeatedly to wash the lint samples off the blanket. Lint particles were classified into small particles (with area 0–8000?μm²) and large particles (with area above 8000?μm²). There have been many contradictory reports about the most important paper and printing variables affecting linting because many previous researchers have not adequately addressed that linting is a dynamic process, which involves two adhesion failures and separations, driven by the splitting of the viscous ink film. The first failure is for the removal of lint particles from the paper surface to the blanket, while the second failure is for the separation of the lint particles from the blanket. The key finding of this study is that these two rates of adhesion failure are generally correlated. That is, a higher rate of lint particle separation from the paper surface is associated with a higher rate of separation from the blanket. This finding held for varying the grade of paper, the ink viscosity and the printing tone, and for small and large particles. Previous contradictory results from linting studies are because lint has only been measured after completing a printing trial, with no means of examining the two underlying adhesion failure processes.     

Offset printing inks based on rapeseed and sunflower oil. Part I: Synthesis and characterization of rapeseed oil-and sunflower oil-modified alkyd resins

Two sets of alkyd resins of variable oil lengths with the required properties for offset printing ink formulations, modified by sunflower and rapeseed oil, were synthetized according to the “monoglyceride” process. The influence of the acyl composition of the modifying vegetable oil and of the oil content on alkyds’ properties was determined by detailed chemical and rheological characterization. Molecular structure, size, and molecule size distribution appeared to be linked to these two factors. A comparative study with two usual linseed oil-modified alkyds led to determination of the more appropriate alkyds for applications in offset varnishes.     

Polymerization of vegetable oils and their uses in printing inks

Ink vehicles were prepared by the polymerization of vegetable oils. By controlling the polymerization conditions, the desired viscosity, color and molecular weight could be achieved for a variety of vegetable oils with a broad range of iodine values and fatty acid compositions. The effect of temperature and catalyst on polymerization rates were evaluated, and polymerization rate constants were calculated. Of the oils tested, the polymerization rate constant of safflower oil was the highest, followed by soybean, sunflower, cottonseed and canola oils in decreasing order. Use of a catalyst shortened the heating time by about 25–50% or lowered the polymerization temperature requirement by 25–30°C.     

Preparation and properties of alcohol-resistant thermal transfer printing inks for multifunctional label printing via physical blending of resins

Due to the rise of the logistics industry and the widespread use of ink labels, problems such as the narrow operating temperature range of ink, poor alcohol resistance, and insufficient scratch resistance need to be solved urgently. In this work, creates alcohol-resistant thermal transfer inks by mixing polypropylene chloride (VP-365) and epoxidized hydrogenated bisphenol A (P) resin and incorporating them into the ink formulation. The synthetic ink has a lower glass transition temperature (118.2°C), allowing the ink to print at lower temperatures. It has small wetting angles (68°, 63°, 58°, 46°, and 40°) and a large adhesion force (10.44 – 14.4 N) for different labels. Further, to evaluate the printing performance of the ink, the ink was scratched under 1000 g pressure and in the environment of isopropyl alcohol to evaluate its printing performance. The produced ink has high scratch resistance (300 times) and good alcohol resistance (140 times). Moreover, the developed ink showed good printability, printing media versatility, high adhesion, and excellent alcohol resistance. The synthesis method is facile and cost-effective, which paves a novel way towards high-performance ink printing and thermal transfer technology industries.     

Surface-modified and micro-encapsulated pigmented inks for ink jet printing on textile fabrics

Surface-modified and micro-encapsulated pigment dispersions were formulated into pigmented ink jet inks and their properties were analyzed. The changes in viscosity, and particle size distribution, and ink stability were observed every week for 12 weeks at ambient temperature. All the ink jet ink properties were in the operational range. As for appearance and color, the surface-modified pigmented inks printed on a silk fabric yielded higher optical densities, better tone reproduction, wider color gamut, and a larger gamut volume than the micro-encapsulated pigmented inks. For permanence and usability, the micro-encapsulated pigmented inks gave better fastness; the wear comfort of the printed silk fabric, evaluated by the bending stiffness, indicated a negative effect on the pre-treatment of the fabric. Surface pre-treatment of the textile fabrics affected color, appearance, permanence and usability. Despite almost equal numbers of threads, the fabric bending strength in the weft direction was much stronger than that in the warp direction.     

Technological evaluation of reactive cyclodextrin in cotton printing with reactive and natural dyes

The chemical modification of cotton fabric with reactive cyclodextrin (R‐CD) at different concentrations was carried out to enhance the printability of cotton fabric. The extent of the modification reaction was expressed as %N. Reactive and natural dyes were used to print cotton fabric before and after modification. Printing pastes were applied immediately after preparation or after 24 h of storage. Printing fixation was performed through either steaming or thermal treatment. The effect of the incorporation of R‐CD in the printing paste of unmodified cotton was also studied. The results reveal that the extent of the modification reaction increased with increasing R‐CD concentration and so did the color strength (K/S) of the printed sample regardless of the dye used. The results also revealed that K/S of the R‐CD modified cottons were higher than that of the corresponding unmodified samples regardless of the method of fixation or the time elapsed before printing. On the other hand, the incorporation of R‐CD in the printing pastes of reactive dyes, namely, Cibacron Brown 6R‐P or Remazol Brilliant Red GG, had adverse effects, most probability due to the (a) increasing viscosity of the paste and/or (b) interaction of the reactive dye with R‐CD hydroxyls. The opposite held true when a natural dye was used. Further, the incorporation of R‐CD in the printing pastes had no effect on the rheological type of the pastes or the on overall fastness properties of the prints. Nevertheless, such an incorporation of R‐CD was accompanied by a remarkable increase in the magnitude of the apparent viscosity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 338–347, 2006     

环氧植物油基增塑剂的发展状况

介绍了无毒、环保型增塑剂环氧植物油的制备原理、方法,以及环氧化过程中的影响因素如反应时间、有机酸和氧化剂的配比、反应温度、双氧水浓度等。简述了国内植物油的环氧化工艺的发展状况,重点讨论了国外先进的植物油环氧化催化工艺。     

Vegetable oil-based epoxy resins and their composites with bio-based hardener: a short review

ABSTRACT

Vegetable oil (VO) is the latest alternative found to be one of the ideal candidates for production of bio-based polymeric units. There are two main methods for producing bio-based epoxy resins and composites: the direct synthesis of VO and the blends of epoxy with VO incorporated with natural or synthetic fibers. However, it is more challenging to produce a fully green bio-based epoxy composite, as they have relatively low strength that limits their applications. Thus, this article is designed to review the present research advances on VO-based epoxy resins and their composites with bio-based hardener incorporated with fibers or fillers.     

Colloidal properties of copolymer‐encapsulated and surface‐modified pigment dispersion and its application in inkjet printing inks

A styrene–maleic acid copolymer (PSMA)‐encapsulated 2‐[(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl) azo]‐N‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐oxobutyramide (PY74) dispersion was prepared by the phase‐separation technique. A surface‐modified PY74 dispersion was prepared with PSMA sodium as a dispersant by the milling method. Furthermore, the two dispersions were applied to formulate pigment inks. The colloidal properties of these two dispersions were compared. The printing and color performance of the prepared inks were also investigated. The results show that the PSMA‐encapsulated PY74 dispersion with a small particle size had higher stabilities of NaCl concentration, pH value, and temperature than the surface‐modified PY74 dispersion. The apparent viscosity of the PSMA‐encapsulated PY74 dispersion changed little, while it changed greatly in the surface‐modified PY74 dispersion with an increase of the shear rate from 10 to 100 s⁻¹. The ink printing and color performance of printed Fabrics indicated that the PSMA‐encapsulated PY74 dispersion was more suitable for the preparation of inkjet printing ink than the surface‐modified PY74 dispersion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

动植物油系列产品的研究与开发现状

简要介绍了动植物油的研究及开发现状,其中着重介绍了植物油作为燃料的情况。社会的发展使能源危机和环境污染的问题日渐突出,生物柴油作为柴油的替代品,可以缓解对石化燃料的依赖;因其对环境无污染而且又是一种可再生资源而备受关注,国内外对它的研究十分广泛,应用前景十分光明。废油是食品工业中的一个严重的污染问题,具有致癌性对人体健康不利,需进行回收处理。鱼油中含多种不饱和脂肪酸对人体有利,精制方法有待改进。     

植物油基多元醇制备聚氨酯泡沫的专利研究进展

对植物油基聚氨酯泡沫领域的专利申请趋势、专利申请产出国和申请人分布进行了统计分析,并重点对基于植物油改性方式的主要技术分支进行了梳理、介绍。     

Viscosity estimation of triacylglycerols and of some vegetable oils, based on their triacylglycerol composition

The experimentally determined kinematic viscosities of simple triacylglycerols [trilaurin, trimyristin (MMM), tripalmitin (PPP), tristearin (SSS), triolein (OOO), and trilinolein (LiLiLi) were correlated to a modified Andrade-type equation. The constants for the modified equation were derived for each simple triacylglycerol. The method was also used to estimate the viscosity of mixed triacylglycerols [1,2-dimyristoyl-3-palmitoyl (MMP), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoyl (OOP), 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-oleoyl (MMO), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoyl (PPO)], binary triacylglycerol mixtures (PPO/OOP, PPP/SSS, and OOO/SSS of different portions), and three types of vegetable oils [refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil; cocoa butter; and canola oil] by applying modified Kay’s rule utilizing the simple triacylglycerol constants derived earlier. In all cases, the estimated values for liquid viscosity were compared with experimental values determined in this work and with previous work from the literature. When applied to vegetable oils, the method requires knowledge of their triacylglycerol composition. Despite its simplicity, the method gives a reasonable estimate. The method may be used to predict the viscosity of different blends of vegetable oils, and the accuracy is expected to increase when more experimental data on simple triacylglycerols become available.     

Comparisons of volatile organic chemical content of news, sheetfed, and heatset ink formulations

Volatile organic compound (VOC) contents of news, sheetfed, and heatset inks were evaluated by using different methods, and comparison of data with significant differences is reported. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 24, EPA Method 24A, and Bay Area Method 30 were the methods used. Ingredients of news inks were tested with Method 24, and experimental and calculated percentage VOC values of formulated inks were compared. Along with United States Department of Agriculture’s 100% vegetable oil-based inks, commercial vegetable oil-based, and petroleum-based inks were used for comparison. Significant differences between methods, colors, and sources are discussed.     

植物油改性水性聚氨酯涂料的研制

采用气干性植物油与三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)醇解的产物,代替传统的聚酯聚醚多元醇与甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)反应,然后用三乙胺中和,再用水稀释,制得自乳化的植物油改性水性聚氨酯(俗称氨酯油)乳液。用该水性氨酯油乳液制备了性能优良的水性聚氨酯木器涂料,并对影响乳液性能的多种因素进行了探讨。     

植物油改性技术及在醋纤纺丝油剂中应用

文章综述了天然植物油改性及其衍生物产品开发研究与在化纤纺丝油剂领域应用现状,介绍了植物油深度改性获得的脂肪酸乳酸酯和氢化植物油产品在醋纤工业纺丝油剂中的替代矿物油的应用研究,用作内油时浆液粘度下降,用作外油时纺丝断头率略有下降,并对环境友好的植物油基产品在化纤领域的应用研究进行了展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of hetarylazo disperse colorants: Preparation and properties of conventional and microemulsified inks for polyester ink‐jet printing

The synthesis and characterization of three hetarylazo disperse colorants are described. These compounds were used for the preparation of conventional inks and/or oil‐in‐water microemulsions (microemulsified dyes). The viscosity, conductivity, surface tension, and pH of these inks were studied over a period of time and discussed with respect to their structure. The particle size and particle size distribution of a representative microemulsion were compared to those of a corresponding conventional ink. The measured properties were compared to the properties of commercially available inks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010