基于模糊神经网络水下机器人直接自适应控制

提出了基于广义动态模糊神经网络的水下机器人直接自适应控制方法, 该控制方法既不需要预先知道模糊神经结构, 也不需要预先的训练阶段, 完全通过在线自适应学习算法构建水下机器人的逆动力学模型. 首先, 本文提出了基于这种网络结构的水下机器人直接自适应控制器, 然后, 利用 Lyapunov 稳定理论, 证明了基于该控制器的水下机器人控制系统闭环稳定性, 最后, 采用某水下机器人模型仿真验证了该控制方法的有效性.     

基于回归神经网络自适应快速BP算法

动态递归网络Elman网络结构简单，运算量少，适合于实时系统辨识。以Elman网络结构推导了在线学习算法。针对于传统BP算法会产生局部收敛和收敛速度慢等缺点，提出了一种改进的自适应BP算法，运用到回归神经网络，提高了在线学习的速度与收敛速度，仿真实验表明了此算法的有效性和快速性。     

基于改进Elman神经网络的网络流量预测

针对网络系统非线性、多变量、时变性等特点,提出一种改进的Elman神经网络模型。在该模型的训练过程中引入了季节周期性学习方法,并对某高校主干网络出口流量进行实验检测。实验结果表明,该模型具有良好的预测效果,相对于传统线性模型、BP神经网络模型及标准Elman神经网络模型具有更高的预测精度和更好的自适应性。最后,通过自适应边界值方法进行检测,能够及时发现异常流量行为,说明该模型应用于网络流量预测是可行、有效的。     

作业型水下机器人纵、横倾姿态自适应区域控制方法

本文主要研究作业型自主式水下机器人(AUV)的纵、横倾姿态自适应区域控制问题.在实际作业中,机械手作业干扰和环境不确定性等因素将影响作业过程的艇体姿态控制,进而影响运动、作业的精度.针对此姿态稳定性控制问题,提出一种基于RBF(径向基函数)神经网络的水下机器人姿态自适应区域控制方法.针对系统模型的不确定因素,采用RBF神经网络对其进行在线估计,引入滑模控制项对估计误差进行在线补偿;针对RBF神经网络控制参数的取值问题,设计网络权值、径向基中心与方差的在线调整律,对控制参数进行自适应学习,以适应机器人艇体的不同姿态变化;针对艇体姿态的快速稳定收敛需求,在区域控制器中加入PI(比例-积分)环节,缩短姿态调节时间、降低稳态误差.基于李亚普诺夫稳定性分析,从理论上证明区域控制误差一致渐近稳定.最后,通过作业型水下机器人样机的纵、横倾姿态控制实验,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

水下机器人广义预测控制算法及能耗问题研究

对水下机器人,本文把输出量的变化作为系统优化目标,提出了一种广义预测控制算法,使其能够抑制各种噪声引起的输出波动,从而减少了系统的能量消耗.水下机器人艏向速度在线控制水池实验的结果验证了在满足设定控制指标的条件下能够抑制水下机器人艏向速度波动和减少能量消耗.     

季节周期性Elman网络的网络流量分析与应用

针对静态前馈网络和Elman网络在网络流量预测中的不足,建立了一个基于改进Elman神经网络的流量模型,并提出了一种基于季节周期性学习方法,根据实际网络中测量得到的网络流量数据,对网络流量进行预测。实验结果表明,该模型具有良好的预测效果,相对于传统线性模型、BP神经网络模型及标准Elman神经网络模型具有更高的预测精度和更好的自适应性,应用于网络流量预测是可行、有效的。     

一种水下探伤机器人动力定位控制方法

水下探伤机器人在执行任务时,机械臂作业过程以及风浪、水流等干扰将会引起机器人模型参数的变化,继而影响水下机器人动力定位控制。针对上述水下探伤机器人动力定位过程中模型不确定问题,提出一种基于模型逼近的RBF神经网络的自适应滑模控制方法,采用RBF神经网络对机械臂作业过程引起的水下机器人模型参数的变化及波浪等扰动进行在线逼近。将此方法应用到动力定位控制系统中,分别在平稳环境和扰动环境下,通过水下探伤机器人艏向及垂向的动力定位实验,验证了系统控制方法的有效性。     

质子交换膜燃料电池的神经网络建模与控制

该文从设计质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）控制方案的角度出发,首先提出了采用Elman动态神经网络对PEMFC系统进行建模的新方法,以实验中采样到的PEMFC系统的工作温度输入输出数据训练网络,并采用动态反向传播学习算法根据误差不断调整网络参数直至达到要求精度;Elman神经网络辨识可使辨识过程简化并提高了辨识精度。然后在此基础上设计了自适应模糊神经网络控制器。最后的仿真实验以Elman神经网络模型为参考模型,使用自适应神经网络控制算法控制PEMFC的工作温度,取得了较好的控制效果。结果显示所设计的控制系统适合于控制PEMFC这样一类复杂非线性系统。     

基于AQPSO算法优化的Elman网络模型及其应用

Elman神经网络是一种典型的递归神经网络。提出了自适应量子粒子群优化（Adaptive Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization,AQPSO）算法,用于训练Elman网络参数,改进了Elman网络的泛化能力。利用中集集团股票数据进行预测,实验结果表明,采用AQPSO算法获得的Elman网络模型不但具有很强的泛化能力,而且具有良好的稳定性,在股票数据预测中具有一定的实用价值。     

模糊B样条基神经网络及其在机器人轨迹跟踪中的应用

提出一种模糊神经网络控制器并用于机器人轨迹跟踪控制．这种模糊神经网络利用B样条基函数作为隶属函数,可在线根据误差调整隶属函数的形状,使模糊神经网络具有更强的学习和适应能力．仿真与实验结果表明这种网络能很好的用于机器人的轨迹跟踪控制,具有很好的性能．     

Design and performance of an intelligent predictive controller for a six-degree-of-freedom robot using the Elman network

The aim of this paper was to propose a recurrent neural network-based predictive controller for robotic manipulators. A neural network controller for a six-joint Stanford robotic manipulator was designed using the generalized predictive control (GPC) and the Elman network. The GPC algorithm, which is a class of digital control method, requires long computational time. This is a disadvantage in real-time robot control; therefore, the Elman network controller was designed to reduce processing time by avoiding the highly mathematical and computational complexity of the GPC. The main reason for choosing the Elman network, amongst several neural network algorithms, was that the presence of feedback loops have a profound impact on the learning capability of the network. The designed neural network controller was able to recover quickly because of its significant generalization capability, which allowed it to adapt very rapidly to changes in inputs. The performance of the controller was also shown graphically using simulation software, including the dynamics and kinematics of the robot model.     

Stable nonlinear adaptive controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle using neural networks

In general, the dynamics of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are highly nonlinear and their hydrodynamic coefficients vary with different operating conditions. For this reason, high performance control system for an AUV usually should have the capacities of learning and adaptation to the time-varying dynamics of the vehicle. In this article, we present a robust adaptive nonlinear control scheme for an AUV, where a linearly parameterized neural network (LPNN) is introduced to approximate the uncertainties of the vehicle's dynamics, and the basis function vector of the network is constructed according to the vehicle's physical properties. The proposed control scheme can guarantee that all of the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Numerical simulation studies are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Temperature decoupling control of double-level air flow field dynamic vacuum system based on neural network and prediction principle

Double-level air flow field dynamic vacuum (DAFDV) system is a strong coupling, large time-delay, and nonlinear multi-input–multi-output system. Decoupling and overcoming the impact of time-delay are two keys to obtain rapid, accurate and independent control for two air temperatures in two concatenate chambers of the DAFDV system. A predictive, self-tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID) decoupling controller based on a modified output–input feedback (OIF) Elman neural model and multi-step prediction principle is proposed for the nonlinearity, time-lag, uncertainty and strong coupling characteristics of the system. A multi-step ahead prediction algorithm is presented for temperature prediction to eliminate the effects of time-delays. To avoid getting into a local optimization, an improved particle swarm optimization is applied to optimize the weights of the OIF Elman neural network during modeling. By using the modified OIF Elman neural network identifier, the DAFDV system is identified and the parameters of PID controller are tuned on-line. The experimental results for two typical cases indicate that the settling times are obviously shorten, steady-state performances are improved and more important is that one temperature no longer fluctuates along the other, which verify the proposed adaptive PID decoupling control is effective.     

Nonlinear model predictive control for hydrobatics: Experiments with an underactuated AUV

Hydrobatic autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) can be efficient in range and speed, as well as agile in maneuvering. They can be beneficial in scenarios such as obstacle avoidance, inspections, docking, and under-ice operations. However, such AUVs are underactuated systems—this means exploiting the system dynamics is key to achieving elegant hydrobatic maneuvers with minimum controls. This paper explores the use of model predictive control (MPC) techniques to control underactuated AUVs in hydrobatic maneuvers and presents new simulation and experimental results with the small and hydrobatic SAM AUV. Simulations are performed using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) on the full AUV system to provide optimal control policies for several hydrobatic maneuvers in Matlab/Simulink. For implementation on AUV hardware in robot operating system, a linear time varying MPC (LTV-MPC) is derived from the nonlinear model to enable real-time control. In simulations, NMPC and LTV-MPC shows promising results to offer much more efficient control strategies than what can be obtained with PID and linear quadratic regulator based controllers in terms of rise-time, overshoot, steady-state error, and robustness. The LTV-MPC shows satisfactory real-time performance in experimental validation. The paper further also demonstrates experimentally that LTV-MPC can be run real-time on the AUV in performing hydrobatic maneouvers.     

PIN型Elman网络及在动态系统辨识中的应用研究

首先介绍普通改进E lm an动态递归神经网络的结构,重点讨论一种具有P ID特性的E lm an神经网络及其学习算法,并将改进E lm an网络和P ID型E lm an网络分别用于动态系统的辨识.无论是理想的数学模型还是实际工业模型,计算机仿真结果均证明,将P ID型网络用于动态系统辨识具有更好的逼近效果.     

Control of a Robotic Manipulator Using Artificial Neural Networks with On-line Adaptation

An adaptive neural system for positioning control of a PUMA 560 manipulator is presented". The computed torque method was implemented with a Multi-Layer Perceptron with on-line learning. The control scheme is implemented into two phases. The first one is the off-line phase in which the neural network is trained with previously known control actions. The second one is the on-line phase in which the neural network parameters are adapted while controlling the manipulator. The control system is able to respond to changes in the manipulator model and to load disturbances. As will be shown, control system performance is improved with the on-line learning strategy presented in this paper.     

海流环境下多AUV多目标生物启发任务分配与路径规划算法

针对多障碍物海流环境下多自治水下机器人(AUV)目标任务分配与路径规划问题, 本文在栅格地图构建的 基础上给出了一种基于生物启发神经网络(BINN)模型的新型自主任务分配与路径规划算法, 并考虑海流对路径规 划的影响. 首先建立BINN模型, 利用此模型表示AUV的工作环境, 神经网络中的每一个神经元与栅格地图中的位 置单元一一对应; 接着, 比较每个目标物在BINN地图中所有AUV的活性值, 并选取活性值最大的AUV作为它的获 胜AUV, 实现多AUV任务分配; 最后, 考虑常值海流影响, 根据矢量合成算法确定AUV实际的航行方向, 实现AUV路 径规划与安全避障. 海流环境下仿真实验结果表明了生物启发模型在多AUV水下任务分配与路径规划中的有效性.     

Fuzzy and Recurrent Neural Network Motion Control among Dynamic Obstacles for Robot Manipulators

An integration of fuzzy controller and modified Elman neural networks (NN) approximation-based computed-torque controller is proposed for motion control of autonomous manipulators in dynamic and partially known environments containing moving obstacles. The fuzzy controller is based on artificial potential fields using analytic harmonic functions, a navigation technique common used in robot control. The NN controller can deal with unmodeled bounded disturbances and/or unstructured unmodeled dynamics of the robot arm. The NN weights are tuned on-line, with no off-line learning phase required. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theory. The purpose of the controller, which is designed as a neuro-fuzzy controller, is to generate the commands for the servo-systems of the robot so it may choose its way to its goal autonomously, while reacting in real-time to unexpected events. The proposed scheme has been successfully tested. The controller also demonstrates remarkable performance in adaptation to changes in manipulator dynamics. Sensor-based motion control is an essential feature for dealing with model uncertainties and unexpected obstacles in real-time world systems.     

改进的Elman模型与递归反传控制神经网络

在Elman网络的基础上提出了两种改进网络:输出-输入反馈Elman网络和输出-隐层反馈Elman网络模型,并以前者作为误差反传的通道,建立了递归反向传播控制神经网络模型.在Lyapunov稳定性意义下分别给出了改进网络的稳定性证明,得到了保证网络稳定收敛的最佳自适应学习速率.分别用Elman网络及其改进网络对超声马达进行了模拟.利用改进的Elman网络模型,除了可以较好地模拟马达速度以外,还得到了一些有意义的结果,据此可以根据现场数据采样的情况,选用不同的网络模型.模拟实验结果表明,递归反向传播控制神经网络对多种形式的超声马达参考速度都有很好的控制效果.     

基于强化学习神经网络的车速跟踪控制

提出一种用于汽车排放试验中驾驶机器人对车速跟踪控制的新方法.该控制方法基于神经网络并结合强化学习的自适应能力,通过神经网络的在线学习对车速进行跟踪控制.利用试验汽车所获得的数据,首先开发出用于车速控制的神经网络模型.然后基于强化学习神经网络结构设计神经网络控制器以取得车速跟踪的自适应控制.在仿真研究中,使用神经网络车速控制模型替代实际汽车来训练初始控制器,并用开发与训练好的自学习神经网络控制器用于汽车车速跟踪控制.结果表明,所开发的神经网络控制器具有良好的车速跟踪性能,控制效果明显.