含碳纳米管纳米流体制备及其性能研究

采用强酸氧化法对碳纳米管表面进行功能化处理,之后采用机械球磨技术对其进行截断短化处理;将得到的碳纳米管分散到乙二醇、丙三醇和硅油中制备纳米流体。所制备的纳米流体具有很好的稳定性和分散性。含碳纳米管纳米流体导热性能测试结果表明,碳纳米管的直线度和长径比是影响含碳纳米管纳米流体导热性能的主要因素。通过控制球磨时间可以使碳纳米管的直线度和长径比同时达到最佳值,进而使得含碳纳米管纳米流体导热性能提升达到最大值。流变学研究结果表明,所制备的丙三醇和硅油基含碳纳米管纳米流体属于牛顿型流体。     

纳米流体导热系数研究

用热丝法测量了分别由氧化铝纳米粉体和碳纳米管加入到多种基体液体中制备成的系列纳米流体的导热系数，研究了纳米流体导热系数相对增加量（增加率）与固相体积含量、基体流体导热系数以及粉体种类的关系。结果表明，纳米流体导热系数增加率随固相体积含量的增加几乎呈线性增大，并随基体流体导热系数的增大而减小，在相同条件下，含碳纳米管纳米流体的导热系数增加率大于含氧化铝纳米粉体纳米流体的导热系数增加率；纳米流体导热系数增加率远比现有理论（如H＆C模型）预测值大，受各种因素的影响表现出特异性。     

水基碳纳米管纳米流体在矩形腔内的自然对流传热

为了评估碳纳米管在强化传热技术中的应用潜力, 采用实验方法研究水基碳纳米管纳米流体在矩形封闭腔内的自然对流传热性能, 由实验得到瑞利数为1.92×105～2.52×106范围内不同颗粒体积分数的纳米流体沿矩形封闭腔热流方向的平均努塞尔数分布.采用瞬态热线法和旋转黏度仪测量水基碳纳米管纳米流体的导热系数和黏度,探究纳米流体导热系数和黏度与纳米颗粒体积分数的变化关系,分析纳米流体导热系数和黏度对纳米流体自然对流传热的影响.结果表明:在封闭腔内纳米流体沿热流方向的平均努塞尔数随着瑞利数的增加而增大,封闭腔内对流传热不断增强;与水的自然对流传热相比,在低瑞利数(Ra＜8.5×105)时,纳米流体自然对流传热效果随着颗粒体积分数的增加而增强;在高瑞利数(Ra＞8.5×105)时,体积分数为0.48%的纳米流体的平均努塞尔数比水大,自然对流传热得到强化,而体积分数为1.45%的纳米流体的平均努塞尔数比水小,自然对流传热减弱.     

基于均匀设计法的碳纳米管纳米流体稳定性

研究碳纳米管质量分数、分散剂质量分数、pH值和超声振荡时间对碳纳米管纳米流体稳定性的交互影响和定量影响.配置12个碳纳米管纳米流体样品,测定各样品的Zeta电位值.样品的4因素取值通过均匀设计法确定,稳定性用Zeta电位表征.采用二次多项式逐步回归法处理数据,建立碳纳米管纳米流体稳定性与4个因素之间的回归模型.由模型分析可知,该4因素对碳纳米管纳米流体稳定性的影响是相互约束的.当超声振荡时间>3.411 h时,碳纳米管纳米流体的稳定性与碳纳米管质量分数正相关;当超声振荡时间<3.411 h时,碳纳米管纳米流体的稳定性与碳纳米管质量分数负相关.     

氧化铝纳米流体在车用热交换器中的试验研究

研究纳米流体在车用热交换器中的强化传热效果,测试不同纳米粒子体积分数的氧化铝纳米流体在板翅式机油冷却器中的传热和流动特性,并与水、防冻液（乙二醇）及纳米流体基础液体进行对比.试验结果表明,在同一热交换器中,纳米流体的传热系数明显高于其他3种液体.当冷、热侧介质温度为90和120 ℃时,纳米粒子体积分数为5%的纳米流体的传热系数分别比水、乙二醇和基础液体提高6.52%、18.88%和24.62%;当冷、热侧介质温度为120和135 ℃时,体积分数为5%的纳米流体的传热系数比体积分数为1%的纳米流体提高104.72%.在试验条件下,热交换器的换热量随纳米粒子体积分数的增大而增大,但流动阻力并未明显增加,初步证明了纳米流体应用于车用热交换器的可行性.     

Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体的热导率与粘度实验研究

为研究Al_2O_3纳米颗粒对H_2O基液热导率与粘度的影响,本文基于"两步法"制备了相对稳定的Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体,分别采用瞬态热线装置与流变仪实验研究了不同因素(超声处理时长、纳米颗粒体积分数与温度)影响下的Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体热导率与粘度变化规律,对比了不同纳米流体热导率与粘度理论模型的适用性。根据静置稳定性分析发现,添加适当分散剂并进行超声处理是提高纳米颗粒均匀性与纳米流体稳定性的重要方法。实验测量结果表明,随着超声处理时长的增加、纳米颗粒体积分数的提高以及温度的升高,纳米流体与基液之间的相对热导率与相对粘度会有所提高;并且Vajjha模型与Corciones模型的理论预测结果和实验数据吻合较好。     

碳纳米管纳米流体对液冷式CPU换热性能的改善

针对液冷式CPU（central?processing?unit）散热器散热效果差的问题,设计了液冷式CPU散热器的换热性能实验系统. 该实验系统使用基液丙二醇-水,Al2O3纳米流体和多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）纳米流体进行换热实验,采用单变量法对实验条件进行控制. 当加热功率为18.26 W时,基液丙二醇-水的热阻值为0.859 ℃/W,质量分数0.135%的Al2O3纳米流体的热阻值为 0.751 ℃/W,质量分数0.135%的多壁碳纳米管纳米流体的热阻值为0.739 ℃/W,质量分数0.32%的MWCNTs纳米流体的热阻值为0.457 ℃/W. 结果表明:在基液中添加纳米粒子能提高基液的换热能力,MWCNTs纳米流体的换热效果随着质量分数的增加而增强.     

纳米Fe304颗粒磁流体的制备与粘度特性研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米Fe3O4。颗粒磁流体,分析了固体磁性粒子体积份额,表面活性剂质量份额和温度等因素对铁磁流体粘度的影响。实验结果表明：磁性粒子体积份额较小时,铁磁流体可以视为牛顿流体,其粘度随磁性粒子体积份额和表面活性剂含量的增大而增大;粘度还随着外加磁场强度的增大而增大,最后趋于稳定;温度越高,铁磁流体的粘度越小。     

纳米流体在水平直管内的对流换热实验

准备了4种不同浓度的CuO-乙二醇纳米流体。首先将纳米颗粒与乙二醇液体(50%乙二醇和50%水混合液)直接混合,然后在其添加分散剂,经过超声波振荡和机械搅拌制备了纳米流体。最后再将其注入到实验循环系统当中,进行换热特性的实验测量。结果表明:纳米流体与基液相比其换热效果更加明显,其换热系数伴随着纳米流体质量分数的增加而增大。而当以纳米流体为冷却介质时,纳米流体质量分数越大其泵功的损失也就越大,而且当纳米流体质量分数小于0.50%时其换热效果的提高并不明显。当CuO-乙二醇纳米流体体积分数为0.50%时,压降提高了8.23%而换热系数提高了23.18%,其综合效益最好。     

纳米流体导热系数影响因素分析

为了全面分析纳米流体的稳定性及导热系数影响因素,采用两步法配置了以去离子水和乙二醇为基液的氧化铝纳米流体,并添加了不同种类的分散剂.利用紫外可见分光光度计对纳米流体吸光度值进行测试,并基于Hot Disk热物性分析仪测试其导热系数.结果表明：吸光度法可有效评价纳米流体稳定性,但需要考虑分散剂对基液吸光度值的影响.超声波振荡可破坏粒子团聚,且当超声时间为1h时纳米流体稳定性最佳.分散剂、粒子体积分数、温度、基液等因素均会影响纳米流体的导热性能.当温度为50益时,添加质量分数0.2%的PVP分散剂,体积分数为0.5%的氧化铝-水纳米流体导热系数提高约20%.纳米流体可有效提供工质导热系数,提升系统散热性能.     

球磨对多壁纳米碳管束电化学容量的影响

为了提高纳米碳管电极在电化学双电层电容器（EDLC）中的电化学性能，研究了球磨处理对高纯度多壁纳米碳管(MWNT)束电极电化学容量的影响.将球磨处理前后的两种MWNTs分别制作成电极,并组装成模拟EDLC，利用循环伏安法和恒流充放电法，测试MWNT电极的电化学可逆容量.研究结果表明，MWNT粗产品的纯度达到了97%以上.经过3 h的球磨处理后，大多数MWNTs束被打散或打断，其比表面积由球磨前的238 m2/g提高到了340 m2/g. 用MWNTs制备的EDLC电化学容量由球磨前的36 F/g提高到了72 F/g.与球磨前的MWNTs束相比，球磨后的样品更适合作为EDLC电极材料.     

碳纳米管振动频率对水合离子团阻塞的影响

为了解决水合离子团的阻塞问题,以碳纳米管进行海水淡化为背景,选取（6,6）扶手椅型碳纳米管作为研究模型,采用分子动力学方法模拟计算碳纳米管的水分子通过性和离子选择性,研究了碳纳米管振动频率对水合离子团的阻塞作用。研究结果表明：通过施加外力使碳纳米管发生周期性振动,可有效改善水合离子团对碳纳米管的阻塞;不同的振动频率对水分子通过碳纳米管的速率有不同影响,且得出了最恰当的频率。     

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes(CNTs) at room temperature was put forward.Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes.The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX).The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensit...     

Properties and Structure of Magnesium Matrix Composite Reinforced with CNTs

By using high pure Magnesium (99.9 wt% ) as matrix and multi-walled bended carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) as reinforced phase, carbon nanotubes/magnesium matrix composite was prepared to the foundry method under the argon gas protection, and its mechanical properties were tested. The interface structure and component of plating and un-plating carbon nanotubes were analyzed by TEM and EDS , and the action mechanism was discussed. The experiment results show that the CNTs con strengthen mechanical properties of the nano-tube-reinforced Mg matrix composite, the tensile strength and elongation ratio are greatly improved. Furthermore, the plating CNTs are better than un-plating CNTs in strengthening effects. The tensile strength is inereased by 150% and the elongation ratio is increased by 30% than that of matrix when content of CNTs is 0.67 wt%.     

Investigation on adsorption and regeneration performances of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by supercritical water technique

In this paper,adsorption and regeneration characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) used as adsorbent were investigated for the removal of 1,3-benzenediol (BDO) from water by the supercritical water (SCW) technique. FTIR,XPS,SEM and dispersion stability tests were used to characterize the structure and surface morphology of CNTs. The results showed that CNTs surfaces were slightly activated and strongly etched in supercritical water system. The adsorption capacity of SCW-treated CNTs was higher than that of raw CNTs. The adsorbed amounts for treated CNTs and raw CNTs samples at the same initial concentration of 60 mg/L were ca. 16.42 and 7.30 mg/g,respectively. The BDO adsorption of treated CNTs was due to the physical adsorption. The experimental data fit Freundlich isotherm model better than Langmuir one. The loaded adsorbent could be efficiently desorbed and regenerated by SCW technique. Therefore,SCW is a promising and environmentally friendly technique for the improvement of adsorption and regeneration of CNTs.     

Preparation and Performance of Corona-proof Conductive Composite Coatings

Because of its merits,acrylic resin was chosen to improve the mechanical,conductive and hydrophobic properties.Carbon fiber powders (CF),carbon nanotubes (MWCNT),and nano-TiO_2 were incorporated into the acrylic resin to prepare the corona-proof conductive composite coatings.The incorporation of CF and MWCNT may improve the conductivity and mechanical strength of the coatings.However,the addition of nano-TiO_2 may increase the hydrophobicity of the coatings.Thus,the effects of different additives on the mechanical properties,conductivity,hydrophobicity and heat resistance of the conductive film were studied.The experimental results show that the incorporation of carbon fiber powders and multi walled carbon nanotubes can significantly improve both the conductivity and mechanical properties of the conductive coatings,and the addition of nano titanium dioxide can improve the hydrophobicity of the conductive film.     

Decorating multiwalled carbon nanotubes with zinc oxide nanoparticles by thermally decomposing Zn-oleate in an organic medium

Carbon nanotubes decorated with zinc oxide nanoparticles were produced by thermally decomposing a Zn-oleate complex in an octadecene medium. The structure of the ZnO decorating nanotube surfaces was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The surfaces were shown to be densely and homogeneously covered by ZnO nanoparticles with a size below 10 nm. The nanoparticles had the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure and showed good adhesion to the nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes decorated by metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized at relatively low temperature and non-oxidation environment. Moreover, the large-scale production with low cost can be realized.     

PBT／CNTs复合材料的制备及其导电性能

采用熔融共混法制备聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）／碳纳米管（CNTs）复合材料,研究了不同分散工艺处理的原生CNTs和不同CNTs质量分数对复合材料表面电阻的影响。利用扫描电镜观察了处理后CNTs的分布状态和PBT／CNTs复合材料的微观形貌。结果表明：球磨分散使CNTs有更好的分散效果并更好地提高了复合材料的导电率;随着CNTs质量分数的不断增加,复合材料的表面电阻呈不断下降的趋势,导电阀值出现在CNTs质量分数约为4％时。     

Energy absorption characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes

The excellent mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes make them potential candidates for engineering application. In this paper, the impact and failure behaviors of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are investigated. The effects of diameter, length, and chirality on their energy absorption characteristics under lateral impact and axial crush are studied. By integrating the principle of molecular structural mechanics (MSM) into finite element method (FEM), the locations and directions of fracture process can be predicted. It is shown that the specific energy absorption (SEA) of SWCNTs is 1–2 order of magnitude higher than that of the ordinary metallic materials and composites in axial impact, indicating that carbon nanotubes are promising energy absorption materials for engineering applications.