固定床渣油加氢处理催化剂发展现状

介绍了国内外主要的固定床渣油加氢处理催化剂,包括ART公司的ICR系列催化剂、Criterion催化剂公司的RM/RN系列催化剂、Haldor Topse公司的TK系列催化剂、Albemarle Catalysts公司的KG/KFR系列催化剂、Axens公司的HMC/HT/HF系列催化剂、FRIPP的FZC系列催化剂及RIPP的RHT系列催化剂等。对各种固定床渣油加氢处理催化剂的性能和用途进行了总结,指出了该领域催化剂的研究方向。     

FZC系列渣油加氢处理催化剂的开发

抚顺石油化工研究院研制开发了FZC系列渣油加氢处理催化剂，并将它成功地用于茂名石油化工公司2．0Mt／a的含硫渣油加氢处理装置。工业实践表明，该系列催化剂活性高，对渣油转化能力强，对渣油中的硫、氮、残炭和重金属有很好的脱除效果，可推广应用。     

FZC系列渣油加氢处理催化剂的性能及工业应用

为适应含硫,劣质渣油加工的需要,抚顺石油化工研究院研制开发了ＦＺＣ系列渣油加氢处理剂,包括脱硫,脱氮,脱金属及保护等四类。中试评价和工业应用结果表明,该渣油加氢处理系列催化剂的活性和稳定性良好,装置操作平稳,产品收率和质量都达到要求,其整体使用性能与国外参比剂相当,可提高炼油厂的轻质油收率,创造较高的经济效益和社会效益。     

Akzo Nobel 催化剂公司新型渣油加氢催化剂

介绍了Akzo Nobel催化剂公司开发的固定床渣油加氢催化剂，概述了新型固定床催化剂KFR22和KFR72的性能。KFR22为加氢脱金属催化剂，具有出色的脱沥青质活性；KFR72是尾部催化剂，具有高加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮及加氢转化活性。与以前的沸腾床催化剂相比，该公司最近开发的沸腾床催化剂KF1302T和KF1311能够降低沉积物的生成．提供更高的加氢脱硫性能。     

沸腾床-固定床组合渣油加氢处理技术研究

沸腾床渣油加氢技术与固定床渣油加氢技术组合可以明显改善固定床进料性质,大幅度降低杂质含量,大大改善固定床操作;同时可以扩大可加工的原料范围,延长操作周期.中试数据表明,加工金属质量分数分别为118,233μg/g、残炭质量分数分别为15.7％,21.1％的劣质渣油,沸腾床与固定床组合工艺均可稳定操作,所得加氢渣油金属质量分数分别为10.6,7.8μg/g,残炭质量分数分别为5.6％,5.2％,可以直接作为催化裂化装置原料,从而实现劣质渣油的高效转化.通过技术特点和技术经济分析,并与单独的固定床方案对比,发现沸腾床与固定床组合渣油加氢处理新技术具有更好的盈利能力,并可实现3 a稳定运转,从而与下游装置相匹配,实现同步开停工.     

渣油加氢技术的研究Ⅰ.RHT固定床渣油加氢催化剂的开发及应用

叙述了在高的原油价格下，炼油企业的渣油加氢技术路线的重要性，介绍了石油化工科学研究院开发的RHT固定床渣油加氢催化剂的研究结果，通过与参比催化剂同时在中石化齐鲁分公司VRDS装置上进行工业运转试验的对比，表明开发的催化剂具有高的脱硫和脱金属等活性，且活性稳定性尤为突出。     

RIPP新一代高效渣油加氢处理RHT系列催化剂的开发及工业应用

 基于石油资源的高效利用、用户需求和长期以来积累的知识,中国石化石油化工科学研究院(RIPP)开发了新一代高效渣油加氢处理（RHT）系列催化剂,并在多套工业装置上进行了工业应用。工业应用结果表明,新一代 RHT 催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)、加氢脱金属(HDM)和加氢脱残炭(HDCCR)反应活性和选择性明显提高,沥青质和胶质的转化率高,生成油氢含量高,运转周期长,活性及稳定性都优于国内外同类催化剂。同时催化剂的性价比进一步提高,市场竞争力得到加强。     

R&D and Application of Catalyst for Resid Hydrotreating in Upflow Reactor

In order to extend the operating cycle of the upflow reactor for resid hydrotreating, the Re- search Institute of Petroleum Processing taking into account the specifics of resid hydrotreating upflow reactor has developed the high-performance RUF series of catalysts suitable for operation in the upflow reactor. The results of commercial application of catalysts revealed that this RUF series of catalysts loaded after optimized grading could effectively remove metals, sulfur and carbon residue from the re-sidu...     

R＆D and Application of Catalyst for Resid Hydrotreating in Upflow Reactor

In order to extend the operating cycle of the upflow reactor for resid hydrotreating, the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing taking into account the specifics of resid hydrotreating upflow reactor has developed the high-performance RUF series of catalysts suitable for operation in the upflow reactor. The results of commercial application of catalysts revealed that this RUF series of catalysts loaded after optimized grading could effectively remove metals, sulfur and carbon residue from the residuum to provide improved oil for the following fixed-bed reactor. In the meantime, the RUF series of catalysts have excellent stability to reach an operating cycle of 1.5 years, resulting in minimization of losses caused by refinery downtime.     

煤焦油加氢生产清洁燃料油研究

采用加氢处理组合工艺分别处理中低温和高温煤焦油,并在实验室小试装置上进行了试验研究,试验结果表明：中低温煤焦油采用沸腾床加氢预处理-固定床加氢裂化组合工艺处理后,杂质含量大幅降低,重组分馏程明显前移,经加氢预处理后可以实现全馏分煤焦油进固定床加氢处理要求,无尾油外甩;高温煤焦油经加氢预处理后,重组分得到一定程度轻质化,超过50%以上的重组分（>500℃）得到转化,外甩尾油量大幅下降,资源利用率明显提高;试验还发现煤焦油杂质脱除率与煤焦油的结构组成及馏分分布有很大关系。     

Suitability of Sour Crude Processing and Resid Hydrotreating Technologies

This article has analyzed the environment and tasks confronting China＇s petroleum refining industry, and has referred to principles for selecting the resid processing technologies and viability of various combination technologies for resid processing. Taking into account the actual commercial practice of resid hydrogenation units, this article has also discussed methods for processing high-sulfur inferior crudes as well as the suitability of resid hydrogenation technology.     

Development of Novel Resid Hydrometallization Catalyst RDM-3

Based on the reaction mechanism of resid hydrodemetallization, a new catalyst carrier was designed and prepared. As compared with the similar type of catalyst carrier, the said new carrier featured a higher pore volume, a larger pore diameter and a weaker surface acidity, which could improve the diffusion performance and stable reaction performance of the catalyst. The active metal components were loaded on the said carrier by a new technique for better metal dispersion, thus the impurity removal rate of the new catalyst, RDM-3, was improved significantly. The commercial test of the RDM-3 catalyst showed that the process of catalyst preparation was stable, the catalyst performance was slightly better than the catalyst prepared in the lab, therefore, the catalyst could be manufactured in commercial scale.     

沸腾床渣油加氢-焦化组合工艺探讨

针对劣质渣油加工,分别采用沸腾床渣油加氢-焦化组合工艺与单独焦化工艺两种技术路线进行探讨,以选择其适合的加工技术路线。结果表明,劣质渣油原料经沸腾床加氢,产品杂质含量显著降低。在双反应器温度基准+5/ 基准+5、基准空速条件下,劣质渣油加氢产品的S、Ni、V含量分别下降了90%、95%、99%。与劣质渣油原料相比,沸腾床加氢减压渣油的性质得到极大改善。与单独焦化工艺相比,采用组合工艺加工劣质渣油,总液体产率提高了13.57%,增产高附加值产品的能力明显提升,从而大幅度提高经济效益。同时,该组合工艺具有改善油品稳定性、原料适应性广、工艺灵活等明显优势, 是提高原油资源利用率的较佳方案。     

Development and Commercial Application of Resid Hydrotreating Technology RHT

The RHT technology is developed by Research histitute of Petroteum Processing (RIPP) for residuum hydrotreating in order In produce good quality RFCC feed. The advantages of the RHT series catalysts are presented in this article, based on the results of activity tests and a 9500 hours service life test in pilot plants and the assessment on a commercial application.     

重油催化裂化汽提过程的数值模拟

采用计算流体力学方法,建立了汽提段内待生剂吸附烃类物质的脱附和反应模型,耦合流动和传递模型,建立汽提过程流动-传递-反应的综合模型。采用该模型对一套工业重油催化裂化(RFCC)汽提段内的流动和反应状况进行了模拟计算,考察了待生剂上烃类物质的汽提反应过程,分析了化学反应对气固两相分布、气固速度分布、组分浓度分布和汽提效率等的影响,揭示了实际RFCC汽提过程中气固两相中各组分浓度的变化规律,并与文献值进行了对比。模拟结果表明,待生剂经汽提后约有3.86%(w)的烃类物质被汽提回收,汽提后仍有0.11%(w)的重油吸附在待生剂上进入再生器;进入沉降器的油气中仍含有35%(w)的重油,如何使催化剂上和气相中的重油组分充分反应是RFCC汽提过程优化的关键。