新型镁合金汽车后桥半轴挤压工艺的优化

采用不同的模具预热温度、挤压温度和挤压速度对AZ80-0.2%In新型镁合金汽车后桥半轴进行挤压成形,并进行了力学性能和磨损性能的测试与分析。结果表明,在试验条件下,随模具预热温度从320℃增大至380℃,挤压温度从300℃增大至400℃或挤压速度为从120 mm/min升高至480 mm/min,半轴的力学性能和磨损性能都先提高后下降。后桥半轴的挤压工艺参数优选为:模具预热温度360℃、挤压温度420℃、挤压速度360 mm/min。     

Mg-Al-Sn-Ti机械外壳镁合金的挤压温度优化研究

采用不同温度进行了Mg-Al-Sn-Ti机械外壳镁合金的挤压试验,并进行了显微组织及耐蚀性的测试与分析。结果表明,当挤压温度从320℃增加到420℃,合金的平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,耐蚀性先提高后下降。合金的挤压温度优选为380℃。与320℃挤压温度相比,380℃挤压时镁合金的平均晶粒尺寸减小24.6%(13.4→10.1μm),腐蚀电位正移79mV(-0.921→-0.842V)。     

镁合金AZ31B挤压成形工艺及模具研究

研究了AZ31B镁合金热挤压工艺与模具.实验结果表明(1)经400℃×20 h的均匀化退火后的AZ31B镁合金铸锭,在挤压温度380～400℃、挤压速度1.0～2.5 m/min的工艺条件下,可以挤压出复杂断面的型材,证明其具有良好的热挤压性能.(2)模具结构形式影响挤压力的大小.     

镁合金AZ31B挤压成形工艺及模具研究

研究了AZ31B镁合金热挤压工艺与模具。实验结果表明:(1)经400℃×20h的均匀化退火后的AZ31B镁合金铸锭,在挤压温度380～400℃、挤压速度1.0～2.5m/min的工艺条件下,可以挤压出复杂断面的型材,证明其具有良好的热挤压性能。(2)模具结构形式影响挤压力的大小。     

形变热处理对AZ80镁合金组织及性能的影响

降低挤压温度是细化镁合金晶粒和提高强度的有效手段，但对靠析出强化的AZ80镁合金来说，降低挤压温度会造成挤压时的析出，从而影响最终时效的效果。分析了在工业生产用挤压机上380℃和330℃挤压出的AZ80镁合金挤压和时效的组织和性能。结果表明：330℃挤压可获得6μm的均匀等轴晶粒组织，但冷却后的样品中明显存在析出物，后续时效过程较快，但最高强度不如高温挤压样品的最高强度；在380℃下挤压并时效后，其最高抗拉强度可达400MPa，延伸率可达8％。X射线衍射织构测定表明，{0002}//挤压轴的织构对性能的提高也起一定的作用。     

AZ91D镁合金管超塑挤压与超塑焊接复合成形工艺研究

介绍了用超塑挤压与超塑焊接复合成形法生产镁合金管材的技术原理，对镁合金管材挤压成形进行了实验研究，并通过实验确定了用这种方法生产挤压比为12．5的AZ91D镁合金管的生产工艺。主要工艺参数为：镁棒预热温度为350～400℃，模具预热温度为300～350℃，压头平均挤压速度为0．5mm／s。实验结果表明，在这种工艺条件下，挤出的管子表面质量好，无气泡、横裂纹等缺陷。用超塑挤压与超塑焊接复合成形管材可以实现连续挤压，在不改变毛坯尺寸的情况下得到所需长度的管材，而且模具及其内残余镁合金重复加热可保证模具多次使用，不用清洗。     

AZ80镁合金罩盖温挤压成形工艺及模具设计

介绍了AZ80镁合金罩盖的结构特点及温挤压成形工艺和模具的设计要点.通过自行设计的温挤压模具,制备了AZ80镁合金罩盖,并对温挤压工艺方案进行了优化.结果表明:采用该工艺及模具能生产出表面质量较好,形状完整的罩盖;在挤压温度为280～400℃之间,挤压速度为10mm·s-1,模具预热温度为150～300℃时,镁合金罩盖的成形性能最好.     

电器散热片用新型镁合金的挤压温度优化

采用不同的温度进行了电器散热片用Mg-Al-Zn-Cu-In镁合金的挤压,并进行了显微组织、散热性能和力学性能的测试与分析。结果表明:随挤压温度从300℃提高至420℃,电器散热片用Mg-Al-Zn-Cu-In镁合金的平均晶粒尺寸和断后伸长率先减小后增大,热导率(散热性能)和抗拉强度则先增大后减小。当挤压温度为380℃时,Mg-Al-Zn-Cu-In镁合金的平均晶粒尺寸为8.2μm,断后伸长率为8.1%,分别较300℃挤压时减小了27%和14%;热导率为151 W/(m·K),抗拉强度为282 MPa,分别较300℃挤压时增大了44%和25 MPa,此时散热性能和强度最好。电器散热片用Mg-Al-Zn-Cu-In镁合金的挤压温度优选为380℃。     

汽车用新型高强镁合金的挤压工艺优化

测试和分析了汽车用Mg-6Al-3Sn-1Mn高强镁合金的性能。结果表明:镁合金的强度随挤压温度和挤压比的增加先增大后减小,而伸长率反之,腐蚀电位随挤压温度和挤压比的增加先正移后负移。380℃挤压温度下的抗拉强度和屈服强度比320℃挤压温度的分别增大了11.26%、15.89%,腐蚀电位正移了51 mV。与挤压比14相比,挤压比22下的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别增大了10.16%、14.81%,腐蚀电位正移了46 mV,耐腐蚀性能先提升后下降。汽车用Mg-6Al-3Sn-1Mn高强镁合金的挤压工艺参数优选为:挤压温度380℃、挤压比22。     

AZ80镁合金切屑回用的探讨

试验探讨了利用热压．热挤压变形工艺，对AZ80镁合金切屑挤压成棒料再回用，制定了棒料的成型工艺。在压制坯料时，切屑温度为330℃，模具温度为350℃，压力为200MPa。挤压时，坯料温度及模具温度与压制坯料一致。挤压比为25：1，挤压速度为20mm／s。回用棒料经过（200oc＋8h）热处理后，σb为310MPa、σs为230MPa、δ为7％。探讨了AZ80镁合金切屑在热挤压变形成形后的微观组织和力学性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。