脉冲电压波形对同轴电极系统电子能量的影响

推导了同轴圆柱系统中平均电子能量与电压的关系式 ,并试验研究了脉冲电压波形对击穿电压的影响 ,进而得出波形对电子平均能量的影响。结果表明 :电子平均能量与系统电压呈正比 ,减小电压上升时间 tf 可明显提高系统的击穿电压峰值 ,从而提高电子平均能量 ,这一趋势在 tf<5 0ns时尤为显著 ;脉宽 tw 的影响不如 tf 显著 ,但 tw 的减小 ,也能提高系统击穿电压 ,tw<2 5 .6μs时更明显     

浅析绝缘材料耐电晕寿命评定的影响因素

通过调整高频脉冲绝缘测试仪的电极系统、脉冲电压幅值及上升时间,定量定性的分析了各因素对耐电晕绝缘材料耐电晕寿命的影响。结果表明:绝缘材料的耐电晕寿命随脉冲上升时间增加而增加,随脉冲电压幅值的增加而呈指数型降低;尽量统一高频脉冲绝缘测试仪的波形、脉冲电压幅值及上升时间等试验参数,可减少设备之间测试结果的差异。同时指出了在测试中需要注意的问题。     

大气压空气中纳秒脉冲弥散放电实验研究

为了能够在大气压下获得大面积高能量密度的低温等离子体,近年来弥散放电的研究与应用受到广泛关注。采用基于磁脉冲压缩系统的重复频率ns脉冲电源来激励大气压空气中尖板电极结构放电,通过电压电流测量和发光图像拍摄研究了弥散放电的特性。实验结果表明,在常温常压和高重复频率下能够获得大面积均匀的弥散放电,气隙距离增大或减小时,弥散放电分别向电晕放电与火花放电转换。重频ns脉冲放电存在极性效应,电极的小曲率半径处施加负脉冲时需要比正脉冲更高的电场强度才能获得弥散放电。此外,弥散放电的强度随着脉冲上升时间的增大而减弱。因此合适的气隙距离、极不均匀电场的强场处施加正极性脉冲和较陡的脉冲上升时间有利于获得较为强烈的弥散放电。     

微秒和纳秒脉冲激励下甲烷DBD电学特性研究

利用等离子体技术可以裂解甲烷,产生C2烃和氢气等具有更高价值的物质。对等离子体放电参数优化以提高甲烷等离子体转化效率具有重要意义。文中基于同轴DBD反应装置,在自主研制的微秒和纳秒脉冲电源的激励下,改变电源参数和气体流速,研究了甲烷裂解过程中不同参数下初始击穿电压的变化规律、放电图像、Lissajous图形以及单脉冲内的能量和功率,为甲烷转化提供参考。实验结果表明,两台电源作用下气体初始击穿电压均随脉冲重复频率的增加而下降,但纳秒源作用时该趋势更明显;放电强度均随脉冲重复频率增加而加强,相同参数下,微秒源作用时放电更强;施加电压一定时,不同脉冲重复频率以及不同气体流速下Lissajous图形形状几乎一致,微秒源作用时的图形更接近典型的平行四边形;气体流速和脉冲重复频率相同时,两台电源单脉冲内放电能量与所加电压几乎成直线关系变化,气体流速和施加电压相同时,单脉冲内放电能量几乎不受脉冲重复频率的影响,但是纳秒源可以得到更高的瞬时功率。实验表明,脉冲电源可以作用于DBD反应器用于转化甲烷,纳秒源作用时系统的效率比微秒源更高。     

二维对称结构纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电数值模拟

为具体分析放电过程中电场强度、电子密度、平均电子能量及鞘层的变化规律,通过简化化学反应动力学模型以及采用全时域漂移-扩散模型方程,对N2-O2混合气体的二维平行电极纳秒脉冲介质阻挡等离子体放电的发展演化过程进行数值模拟。计算结果发现:放电从电极处开始发展形成约化场强约为5×10-19 V?m2的强电场,高电压电极附近形成0.2 mm的鞘层区域,鞘层边缘存在数密度为1.6×1019 m-3的薄电子层,且其边缘分层结构与低气压辉光放电鞘层分层结构一致;电子沉积在介质表面,等离子体从强电场中获得的能量使得其在脉冲结束后的余辉过程中继续维持,进而有效地将能量耦合给等离子体。数值模拟结果表明,提出的简化化学反应动力学模型能够有效地模拟复杂的介质阻挡纳秒脉冲放电的物理过程及其各个物理参数的变化规律。     

空气负电晕Trichel脉冲特性的实验研究

为得到Trichel脉冲放电的特征,采用针-板电极结构对空气中负电晕放电的特性进行了实验研究。利用示波器测试了放电电压、电流波形和脉冲频率,利用微安表测试了平均放电电流,并通过放电结构上并联电容的方法研究了外接电容对放电的影响。结果表明,空气负电晕Trichel脉冲非常稳定、规则;其脉冲频率随平均电流线性增大,针尖曲率影响频率上升的斜率,但电极间距、气压、并联电容对频率影响较小;不同放电条件下的Trichel脉冲波形基本相同,其上升沿几乎不随电流、间距、气压、针尖曲率和并联电容变化,但脉冲幅值随平均电流略有下降,同时与间距、气压、针尖曲率和并联电容等条件有关;Trichel脉冲是电晕区的特征放电,在给定电极条件下,其形成过程与平均电流(电压)、气压和外电路并联电容等无关。     

AC激励下的针-水电极等离子体特性

为研究AC激励产生的等离子体的物理特性,通过电压电流波形测量和高速摄影仪拍摄对AC激励产生针-水电极等离子体的电特性和放电现象进行了研究,并通过比色分析法对生理盐水中生成的H2O2浓度进行了测量。研究表明:20kHz激励下的针-水电极的放电过程存在脉冲模式和连续模式2种工作模式。在脉冲工作模式下,当电极两端电压极性发生改变时,等离子体熄灭,每1个电压周期都需要较大的电压来击穿气体间隙,但此击穿电压比初始击穿电压低许多倍。在连续工作模式下,等离子体放电强度变强,且持续存在于放电间隙。针-水电极放电产生的等离子体可以在生理盐水中有效地生成H2O2,且在脉冲工作模式下生成H2O2的效率更高。然而,由于Fenton反应的影响,AC激励针-水电极放电等离子体对生理盐水的处理时间应≤50s。     

一种用于脱硫硝的毫微滗脉冲电源的研制

电晕法烟气脱硫脱硝要求快速窄脉冲供电方式，介绍了一种新颖毫微秒波头脉冲电源，其输出电压波形，前沿上升时间小于２０ｎｓ，脉宽小于１００ｎｓ，基压和脉冲幅值分别可调并且脉冲能量转移率和电源自射的能量效率也分别达到９５％和７０％以上。     

直流电晕电流时域脉冲特性的统计分析

为了研究直流正负电晕电流时域脉冲的特性,基于实验室开发的高频电晕电流高压端测量系统,开展了不同条件下直流正负电晕的线板放电实验。基于大量实验数据,统计、对比了正、负极性电晕脉冲的幅值、上升时间、半波时间和重复频率等特征参数随导线电压及导线半径变化的规律。实验结果表明：导线电压对单个正、负脉冲波形的影响较小,主要影响脉冲的重复频率;负脉冲的上升时间平均值为20~30 ns,半波时间的平均值为90~110 ns;正脉冲的上升时间平均值为40~50 ns,半波时间的平均值为140~160 ns;随着导线电压的升高,正、负脉冲重复频率均迅速增大,但相同电压下,正脉冲的重复频率显著小于负脉冲的重复频率,负脉冲重复频率约为正脉冲的15~25倍。     

一种用于脱硫脱硝的毫微秒脉冲电源的研制

电晕法烟气脱硫脱硝要求快速窄脉冲供电方式．介绍了一种新颖毫微秒波头脉冲电源，其输出电压波形．前沿上升时间小于20ns、脉宽小于100ns、基压和脉冲幅值分别可调，并且脉冲能显转移率和电源自身的能量效率也分别达到95％和70％以上．     

电子束法脱NOx的能耗分析与脉冲电子束实验

成都电厂200MW机组锅炉30万Nm3/h烟气电子束脱硫硝示范工程是目前世界上已投入运行的处理烟气量最大的电子束脱硫装置,其脱硫率及脱硝率均分别>80%及10%的设计值。为了衡量该法的经济效益,以其实际运行数据为依据,分析计算了该法脱硫硝工艺过程各主要部分能耗所占的份额,得出脱除每个NOx和SO2分子的能耗分别为12.39eV和0.563eV,两者有协同脱除效应;将运行能耗点折算成常用的单位体积能耗后,列入国际上基于高电压技术发展的两类主要技术-电子束法和脉冲电晕法的能耗比对图的结果表明,电子束法在能耗方面优于脉冲电晕法,后者能耗约是前者的3倍。为发展此类高电压、高效率环保装备,给出了近期2.6A强流脉冲电子束最新实验。     

Influence of liquid temperature and electrode size on insulated breakdown characteristics in saturated superfluid helium

The dc breakdown strength and pulsed breakdown time lag of saturated superfluid liquid helium (HeII) at 1.4 and 1.85 K are measured over a wide range of electrode sizes and applied field strengths. The results of the measurements are statistically analyzed by using Weibull distribution functions. It is found that the area effect is dominant for dc and pulsed breakdown rather than the volume effect as in the case of liquid helium of 4.2 K (HeI). The shape parameter in the Weibull distribution function for dc breakdown strengths of HeII is smaller than that of HeI. As a result, dc breakdown in superfluid helium can take place in a wider electrode area than in normal liquid helium, while no remarkable differences in breakdown areas are observed between 1.85 and 1.4 K. On the other hand, the statistical time lag in HeII becomes shorter with a decrease in temperature. According to the Fowler‐Nordheim theory, it is suggested that a higher electron mobility in HeII may increase the field‐emitted electron kinetic energy to trigger liquid breakdown with a higher probability. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 128(3): 16–23, 1999     

Energy Efficiency of Corona Discharge Reactor Driven by Inductive Energy Storage System Pulsed Power Generator

Characteristics of a pulse corona reactor driven by an inductive energy storage (IES) pulsed power generator are described in this paper with focusing on the influence of streamer-to-glow transition on NO removal efficiency. A pulsed high voltage with a short rise time of under 30 ns is employed to generate streamer discharges homogeneously in whole the discharge region. Fast recovery diodes are used as semiconductor opening switch (SOS) to shorten the rise time. The various resistors are employed as dummy load to clarify a suitable circuit parameter such as the capacitance of a primary energy storage capacitor and/or the inductance of a secondary energy storage inductor. The energy transfer efficiency of the pulsed power generator has a maximum value of 50% at 714 Omega dummy load resistance. A co-axial cylinder type discharge chamber was used as the corona discharge plasma reactor driven by the IES pulsed power generator. The pulsed power generator supplies 30 kV pulse with 300 pps repetition rate. The co-axial cylinder plasma reactor consists of 1 mm diameter tungsten wire and 19 mm i.d. copper tube with 30 cm length. NO removal from the simulated diesel engine exhaust gas (N₂:O₂=9:1, Initial NO concentration=200 ppm) increased with input energy into the reactor. The energy efficiency for NO removal was obtained to be 25 g/kWh at 30 % removal in gas flow rate of 2 L/min. However, the energy efficiency decreased to 5 g/kWh with increasing capacitance of the primary capacitor from several hundreds pF to several nF. This decrease was caused by a streamer-to-glow transition. The efficiency was affected by oxygen concentration in the gas mixture.     

Control of volatile organic compounds by an AC energizedferroelectric pellet reactor and a pulsed corona reactor

Two laboratory-scale plasma reactors, an alternating current (AC) energized ferroelectric (high dielectric ceramic) packed bed reactor and a nanosecond pulsed corona reactor, were constructed. This study was done to develop baseline engineering data to demonstrate the feasibility of the application of plasma reactors to the destruction of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at PPM levels. Complete destruction was obtained for toluene. Conversions of methylene chloride at 95% and trichlorotrifluoroethane (known as CFC-113) at 67% were achieved for the plasma reactors used. The conversion was dependent on the mean electron energy in the reactor and was also related to how strongly halogen species were bonded with carbon     

水中脉冲电晕放电的声学特性研究

为研究水中脉冲电晕放电的声学特性,由水听器测量了放电产生的压力信号,在以放电电极为圆心、电极到水听器的距离为半径的球面对压力信号积分,得到放电的声能和放电的声效率;利用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)得到同轴电极下电晕放电的频谱分布;比较尖—尖电极下电弧放电晕放电的频谱发现电晕放电声信号的主频比电弧放电的高。     

Influence of ground and corona currents on dielectric behavior of small air gaps

This paper investigates the influence of grounding on the field distribution and on the dielectric behavior of small rod-plate and rod-rod air gaps. This effect can be attributed to the grounding of one electrode. In the different arrangements with one electrode grounded or with the electrodes symmetrically charged the experimental results of the corona and breakdown are recorded and compared to the simulation results of the field distribution. It is resulted that the grounding influences significantly the electric field distribution, the dc corona and the dc breakdown. The field is less inhomogeneous in grounded rod - plate air gaps and in rod-rod air gaps with symmetrically charged electrodes, and consequently the values of the corona onset and the breakdown voltage are higher. In longer air gaps the corona current influences the field distribution and consequently the dc breakdown. The effect of grounding on the breakdown is weakened when the dc polarity of the voltage is negative, otherwise it is enhanced. In air gaps with lengths > 3 cm (negative dc polarity) or >8 cm (positive dc polarity) it is overlapped by the effect of the corona current. Relations between the field strength, the corona current, the corona onset and the breakdown voltage arise. The principle of action-reaction is valid.     

AC particle-triggered corona discharge in low pressure SF/sub 6/ gas

This paper deals with AC particle-triggered corona discharge as a follow-up to our previous research with DC voltage to clarify the particle-triggered corona discharge process in SF₆ gas. Corona current pulses, charges associated with a corona current pulse, and corona light pulses were observed with an aluminum ellipsoidal particle suspended in a parallel plane electrode system under a SF₆ gas pressure range of 30 kPalesPles50 kPa by changing the particle position. Corona mode, phase (Phi)-charge (q) characteristics as well as corona discharge processes were discussed and the following results were obtained. AC corona mode depended on the instantaneous applied voltage, voltage gradient as well as the particle position and then, the Phi-q characteristics were also affected by those parameters. Charges flow into the floating particle due to coronas on the both tips of particle and excite field fluctuations around the opposite side of particle in addition to the applied AC field. The field fluctuation in SF₆ gas by the corona charges was about 4% of the applied field and much lower than that in air gap which was about 70%. That is, the corona development was suppressed effectively by high electron affinity of SF₆ gas even in the case of floating particle. The less effective interference between coronas on the both side of particle in SF₆ gas results in an obscure local minimum in the breakdown voltage characteristics as the particle is in the vicinity of electrode as contrasted with a drastic fall in the breakdown voltage by the particle in air     

电声脉冲法测量聚合物绝缘表面陷阱能级分布

对紫外光老化不同时间的低密度聚乙烯(low-density polyethylene,LDPE)试样及3%含量的纳米氧化锌(ZnO)粒子与LDPE复合材料试样进行了交流击穿实验,结果表明纯LDPE试样的击穿强度随光老化时间的增加逐渐降低,3%含量的纳米ZnO粒子与LDPE复合材料的击穿强度光老化后基本保持不变。通过对老化前后试样的老化面分别进行电晕放电注入负电荷,并采用电声脉冲法测量短路状态下表面注入电荷随时间的衰减特性,通过公式推导计算得出试样老化面的陷阱能级分布。结果表明,纳米ZnO粒子不仅能提高聚乙烯的光稳定性,还通过成核和界面作用减少聚乙烯体内深陷阱密度,增加浅陷阱密度。     

静态模拟气固两相体起晕和击穿的实验研究

研究了非均匀电场中的静态模拟气固两相体放电的击穿、起晕特性及固相物介电常数、占空比、放电间隙、电压极性和种类对击穿电压与起晕电压的影响。结果表明:实验范围内,正极性大占空比时,随放电间隙的增加,两相体的起晕电压逐渐低于空气的起晕电压。正极性和交流电压下,两相体的击穿电压比空气高。     

运动水滴在球──球直流电场中的放电研究

研究了运动水滴在球－球直流电场中的放电现象,对于含有水滴的电场分布进行了计算,水滴的引入使得水滴外表面的场强跃变为无水时场强的３倍左右,从而水滴在电场中会在较低的电压下诱发电晕,比较了正负极性电压下起晕现象。为水处理技术中的混合两相体放电问题提供了依据。