Study of dead time of PWM rectifier of Voltage-source inverter without DC-link components and its operating characteristics of induction motor

A voltage-source inverter without dc-link components is an ac-to-ac converter having dual bridges of a pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) rectifier and a PWM inverter that can be controlled independently. While conventional matrix converters have disadvantages, such as a complicated commutation scheme and necessity of a large-sized clamp circuit, commutation, and protection of our inverter can be implemented easily. In order to control the PWM rectifier and the PWM inverter independently, snubber circuits for the PWM rectifier are required to assure the path of load current during dead time. In this paper, analytical method of a snubber circuit and operating characteristics of a snubber circuit are described when a 0.75-kW induction motor is driven by our inverter.     

变压器辅助换流的谐振极型软开关逆变器

为提高逆变器的运行效率,提出了一种变压器辅助换流的谐振极型软开关逆变电路拓扑结构。该拓扑结构用高频变压器来辅助换流,没有设置串联在直流母线间的均压电容,解决了中性点电位变化问题。该逆变器的主开关和辅助开关均能完成软开关动作,并且所承受的电压都不高于直流电源电压。给出了一个开关周期内逆变器在不同工作模式下的等效电路图,详细阐述了该逆变器的工作过程,给出了软开关实现条件,并建立起了辅助电路损耗的数学模型,讨论了谐振参数对辅助电路损耗的影响。最后制作了一台4 k W的单相实验样机,实验结果表明逆变器中的开关器件都工作在软开关条件下。该有源谐振极型软开关逆变器可以有效提高效率,减小开关损耗。     

无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制的简易方法

介绍了Micro Linear公司生产的ML4428无刷直流电机无传感器PWM智能控制器的内部结构,它是无位置传感器无刷直流电动机控制的简易方法,该控制器内部的反电势电路、起动及换向逻辑电路、限流比较器和保护电路简化了无位置传感器无刷直流电动机的控制,做到单独控制的正反向运行,起动时无反转,采用PWM控制或最小噪声的线性控制,可获得最高效率。     

A novel prototype of auxiliary edge resonant bridge leg link snubber‐assisted soft‐switching sine‐wave PWM inverter

This paper proposes a new circuit topology of the three‐phase soft‐switching PWM inverter and PFC converter using IGBT power modules, which has the improved active auxiliary switch and edge resonant bridge leg‐commutation‐link soft‐switching snubber circuit with pulse current regenerative feedback loop as compared with the typical auxiliary resonant pole snubber discussed previously. This three‐phase soft‐switching PWM double converter is more suitable and acceptable for a large‐capacity uninterruptible power supply, PFC converter, utility‐interactive bidirectional converter, and so forth. In this paper, the soft‐switching operation and optimum circuit design of the novel type active auxiliary edge resonant bridge leg commutation link snubber treated here are described for high‐power applications. Both the main active power switches and the auxiliary active power switches achieve soft switching under the principles of ZVS or ZCS in this three‐phase inverter switching. This three‐phase soft‐switching commutation scheme can effectively minimize the switching surge‐related electromagnetic noise and the switching power losses of the power semiconductor devices; IGBTs and modules used here. This three‐phase inverter and rectifier coupled double converter system does not need any sensing circuit and its peripheral logic control circuits to detect the voltage or the current and does not require any unwanted chemical electrolytic capacitor to make the neutral point of the DC power supply voltage source. The performances of this power conditioner are proved on the basis of the experimental and simulation results. Because the power semiconductor switches (IGBT module packages) have a trade‐off relation in the switching fall time and tail current interval characteristics as well as the conductive saturation voltage characteristics, this three‐phase soft‐switching PWM double converter can improve actual efficiency in the output power ranges with a trench gate controlled MOS power semiconductor device which is much improved regarding low saturation voltage. The effectiveness of this is verified from a practical point of view. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(4): 64–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20207     

无刷直流电机低力矩波动控制方法

针对无刷直流电机力矩波动，本文提出提高换流电压的电流控制PWM方法。给出了改进的硬件线路，并与传统方法控制进行仿真比较，对改善电流波形和降低力矩脉动取得比较好的效果。     

基于Buck变换器的无刷直流电机转矩控制仿真

无刷直流电动机（BLDCM）存在转矩脉动的突出缺点，提出了一种基于直流环节电压控制和模糊PID控制器的新型混合控制策略，以抑制无刷直流电机的转矩脉。电路拓扑包含功率因数校正降压转换器和逆变器。降压转换器通过控制直流电路电压来降低换向转矩脉动，使用模糊PID控制器和脉冲宽度调制（PWM）技术的逆变器在导通区域提供适当的电流。 Buck变换器降低了通过控制直流环节电压换向转矩脉动，逆变器使用模糊PID和PWM技术提供导通区域的电流。该方法能够消除传导区转矩脉动,削弱换相区转矩脉动，仿真结果表明，该策略具有功率因数校正功能，可有效抑制转矩脉动，提升电机运行的鲁棒性。     

一类新的辅助开关零电流关断的零电压过渡PWM软开关拓扑

分析了零电压过渡ＰＷＭ软开关电路存在的辅助开关硬关断的问题,提出了一类新的辅助开关零电流关断的拓扑,并介绍了其工作原理。在功率为２９０Ｗ的升压型电路和功率为１００Ｗ的正激型电路装置上进行的实验,证明了拓扑的可行性,电路效率比传统的零电压过渡ＰＷＭ电路高。     

一种推挽式直流升压电路的设计

基于PWM控制的推挽式DC-DC直流升压电路的系统结构,设计了一种适用于小功率逆变的直流升压电路.该电路采用两组推挽电路叠加的升压方式,转换效率较普通的反激电路高,对器件的参数要求不高.实验结果表明设计可行可靠.     

直流换相失败期间阀换相过程微观分析方法

从电磁暂态微观尺度角度出发研究了换流器换相失败阀换相过程,分别针对短路状态和线电压长时间加压至直流侧状态提出了2种等值电路。基于这2种电路分析直流换相失败过程中的直流电压变化特征。分析结果表明,直流换相失败过程中逆变侧直流电压不仅会降低,甚至会出现反转的情况。在连接有直流实际控制保护装置的RTDS实时仿真平台上进行仿真试验,试验结果验证了提出的换相失败过程等值电路的正确性。     

基于Buck变换器的无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制

针对无位置传感器控制中换相时刻不准确及三相桥式逆变电路调压过程对前后级电路产生冲击的问题,提出一种基于Buck变换器的无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制方法。改用Buck变换器代替三相桥式逆变电路调压,有效削弱了PWM调制过程中高频谐波信号对前后级电路的冲击,线电压中高次谐波含量明显减少,母线电流及相电流波形更加平稳。设计的3次谐波滤波器滤波效果良好,且3次谐波电动势过零点易于检测。提出的90°-α相位补偿方式能够有效解决无位置传感器控制中换相时刻不准确的问题,并且可以明显减小感应电流对相电流产生的影响,使得相电流更加稳定。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Analysis and Optimization of a Complementary Current Impulse Commutated Inverter

The operation, analysis, and optimization of a complementary impulse commutated inverter using current impulse instead of voltage impulse for commutation is presented. The operation of the inverter is described, and its salient features are discussed in relation to other commonly used inverters. The trapped energy in the commutation circuit is studied, and methods of feeding back or dissipating this energy are discussed. The optimum operating parameters are derived analytically. This inverter combines the good features of auxiliary commutation with the simplicity of complementary commutation. The advantages of this inverter in pulsewidth modulated (PWNM) inverter applications are examined. A three-phase PWM inverter with a novel switching strategy to minimize losses is designed, tested, and experimental results are presented.     

Application of Power Transistors to Residential and Intermediate Rating Photovoltaic Array Power Conditioners

An investigation into power conditioners that interface with photovoltaic arrays and utilities has been recently completed. The ratings for this investigation include residential systems (5-30 kW) that interface with a 240-V single-phase utility connection and intermediate systems (30-200 kW) that interface with a 480-V three- phase utility connection. Both systems mandated that an isolation transformer be provided between the array and the utility interface. A trade-off study was performed for many transistor and thyristor circuits and configurations. The weighting criteria included full- and part-load efficiency, size, weight, reliability, ease of control, injected harmonics, reactive power requirements, and parts cost. As the result of this study, a 10-kW high-frequency PWM transistor inverter feeding a high-frequency isolation transformer with a sinusoidally shaped current wave was selected. The output of the transformer is rectified with a diode bridge rectifier. Four thyristors, used as 60-Hz switches, reverse the polarity of the rectified current on every other half-cycle of the utility voltage. This reversal is accomplished slightly before the natural zero crossing of the voltage, thereby providing commutation for the thyristors. The results in the intermediate rating study targeted on a 100-kW design using power transistors in a full-bridge circuit connected to a 60-Hz three-phase transformer. Three bridge circuits are provided to interface with the polyphase utility. The switching strategy for the power transistors is based on a sine wave shape of current with a controlled deadband.     

桥式直接交交斩波变换器及换流策略研究

为解决交流斩波功率变换器中双向全控电力电子开关结构复杂、换流过程繁琐的问题,研究了一种新颖的桥式直接交交斩波变换器,并提出了与之相适应的非互补控制换流策略。首先通过改进变换器结构和功率流向,取代了单管组合式双向全控开关的设计方案,简化了多路驱动电路间的隔离设计,使线路分布参数的影响较小,开关器件与驱动电路的一致性好,成本降低。换流策略设计了有源、续流和死区3种工作模式以及多种性质负载条件下的换流路径,消除了输出电压失控区间,且不使用电流极性检测环节。最后设计了功能样机,在多种负载条件下进行了性能测试。实验结果验证了方案的有效性。     

应用于无刷直流电机的新PWM调制方式

提出了一种新的PWM调制方式,使用该调制方式可以完全消除无刷直流电机在120°工作方式下非换相期间非导通相上的续流现象;从而减小非换相期间的电磁转矩脉动.从换相期间和非换相期间的电磁转矩脉动的角度出发对该调制方式进行了理论分析,并通过仿真和试验证明了该方法的可行性和优越性.     

Novel dual auxiliary circuits for ZVT-PWM converters

Novel active auxiliary circuits that allow the power switch in single-switch, pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters to operate with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) are proposed in this paper. The main feature of these circuits is that the auxiliary switch can operate with a zero-current switching turn-on and turn-off without increasing the peak current stresses of the main switch. In this paper, the operation of active auxiliary circuits in general is reviewed, and a systematic method for synthesizing auxiliary circuits belonging to the new family is presented and demonstrated with several examples. Several new auxiliary circuits are presented, and the operation of one of the new circuits is briefly explained. A general set of guidelines for the design of auxiliary circuits belonging to the new family is presented. The feasibility of the new family of circuits is confirmed by experimental results obtained from a 500W, 100 kHz zero-voltage-transition (ZVT)?PWM boost converter prototype implemented with an example auxiliary circuit.     

Analysis of a Novel Forced-Commutation Starting Scheme for a Load-Commutated Synchronous Motor Drive

A load-commutated inverter synchronous motor drive system employing a simple auxiliary commutation circuit for machine startup analyzed, and results hybrid computer simulation are presented. The commutation circuit employs a single commutation capacitor connected to the neutral of the machine and two auxiliary thyristors, which are used only during machine starting. A practical operating scheme is developed for the forced commutated inverter, which insures commutation over all load currents by actively allowing the commutation capacitor to charge to a voltage proportional to load, current. Results of key computer runs are given including inverter waveforms, transient waveforms during transition from forced to load commutation, as well as the effect of forced commutation and load commutation on pulsating torque. The forced-commutation circuit is used only for synchronous machine startup. However, due to its simplicity it also is an attractive alternative to be considered for other types of current-fed inverter ac drives.     

A Novel Current Impulse Commutation Circuit for Thyristor Inverters

A novel current impulse commutation circuit for single- and three-phase thyristor inverters is presented and fully analyzed. Relevant design expressions are also derived. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed circuit has a number of significant advantages over commutation circuits currently employed.     

Characteristics of a Current-Fed Inverter with Commutation Applied Through Load Neutral Point

A current-fed inverter which is commutated by an auxiliary commutating circuit acting through the load neutral point is investigated. The auxiliary commutation circuit consists of a single commutating capacitor and two auxiliary thyristors which are used to sequentially commutate the main thyristors. The properties of the inverter are considered for the case of an ac machine load, although the results are general and can be easily applied to cases where the inverter is interconnected with an ac power system. A ``voltage behind subtransient reactance' model results in a good prediction of the inverter operating modes for either a synchronous or an induction machine. It is shown that if conventional simple-sequential gating is used, the inverter can only operate in the motoring region, while a commutation failure will result in the generating region. This negative feature is overcome by introducing a ``delayed gating' scheme for the thyristor, which allows the peak commutating capacitor voltage to be actively controlled; thus, commutation for various inverter conditions is maintained. A scheme of parallel commutation circuits is introduced which allows the value of commutating capacitance to be actively selected as a function of load condition. While the main thyristors are subjected to approximately 50 percent more applied voltage compared to the more conventional auto-sequential type of inverter in present use, the thyristors may be rectifier grade since a substantial di/dt inductance is naturally provided by the motor leakage inductance: a fact which means that negligible snubber components are needed compared to the auto-sequential circuit.     

A current-type PWM rectifier with active damping function

A new control method for current-type pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifiers which can provide active damping function is presented. This damping function is effective only on the harmonic components of AC input current selectively. Thus steady-state waveform distortion and transient oscillation of the input current are reduced by the active damping effects. The active damping function can be realized by feedback control of an LC filter connected to the AC side of the rectifier, and it does not require any additional components in the main circuits, permitting a simple circuit configuration. The control system of the proposed PWM rectifier is analyzed by using a simple block diagram developed in the present paper. From the analytical results, the influence of the circuit parameters and control delay on the active damping effects and the stability of the operation are clarified to establish the design method. To confirm the effectiveness of the active damping function, some results of basic experiments are included. As an example of application of the active damping function, the proposed rectifier is applied to reduce the harmonic currents generated by conventional rectifiers operating in parallel with the proposed rectifier. Some experimental results in this application are also included     

新型PWM波故障保护与诊断电路设计

作为电机驱动系统中的控制指令载体,PWM波的信号完整性影响整个系统的可靠性和任务完成能力,但是国内外的相关研究报道却很少。为了提高PWM波在传输过程中的信号完整性,设计了一种新型PWM波的故障保护与诊断电路。其通过将DSP输出的PWM波与经过驱动芯片处理后的信号进行一系列逻辑操作,并利用硬件电路设定判定阈值,若两波形不符合度大于设定阈值则禁止PWM波的输出。试验证明,当PWM波在传输过程中发生突变或较大延迟时,该电路能够及时诊断出故障,并将故障部分进行隔离,起到了保护功率器件的作用,提高了电机驱动系统的可靠性。