喷射参数对二甲醚PPCCI发动机燃烧与排放特性的影响

在一台6缸增压电控共轨二甲醚发动机上进行试验,研究了预喷时刻、预喷燃料量、喷射压力、主喷时刻等喷射参数对二甲醚部分预混合充量压缩燃烧(PPCCI)发动机燃烧与排放特性的影响。试验结果表明:随预喷时刻提前,缸内压力峰值降低,二甲醚发动机缸内燃烧由两阶段放热转变为PPCCI三阶段放热,氮氧化物(NOx)排放显著降低,HC和CO排放升高;随预喷射燃料量增加,缸内压力峰值及预混合燃烧的冷焰反应和热焰反应速率明显增大,NOx排放逐渐降低,HC和CO排放显著升高;随喷射压力降低,预混合燃烧热焰反应速率增加,主喷扩散燃烧始点推迟,扩散燃烧放热率峰值和NOx排放明显降低,HC和CO排放升高;随主喷时刻推迟,预喷预混合燃烧几乎没有变化,主喷扩散燃烧延后,缸内压力峰值和放热率峰值降低,NOx排放显著降低,HC和CO排放升高。     

喷射参数对二甲醚发动机NO_x排放的影响

以6105型压燃式二甲醚发动机为对象,研究了喷射系统的喷射压力、喷孔直径和供油提前角对二甲醚发动机外特性NOx排放的影响。试验结果表明:在外特性的整个转速范围内,NOx排放随发动机转速的升高而降低;在发动机转速较低时,NOx排放随喷射压力的升高而降低,高速时则反之;在发动机低速工况下,喷孔直径较小的喷油器NOx排放低,高速时大孔径的喷油器NOx排放低;喷油器针阀开启压力较高时,通过推迟供油提前角来控制NOx排放的效果较好,喷油器针阀开启压力较低时该效果不明显。     

二甲醚发动机与汽车研究

在车用能源供应短缺与大气环境保护的双重压力下,人们一直在寻求内燃机新型清洁代用燃料。本文结合上海交通大学10年来对二甲醚发动机与汽车的应用基础研究,系统介绍了二甲醚发动机燃料喷射、燃烧、性能、排放特性和二甲醚城市客车的动力性、经济性、排放和噪声情况。研究表明二甲醚发动机能实现高效、清洁燃烧,对缓解我国石油供需矛盾和保护城市大气环境具有重要意义。     

预喷射和掺混乙醇对柴油机性能及排放的影响

本文利用GT-Power软件建立了单缸柴油机的仿真模型,模拟研究了预主喷间隔、预喷油量和乙醇掺混比例对发动机性能和排放的影响。计算结果表明,预喷射能明显改善发动机的燃烧特性和排放性能,但扭矩和燃油消耗率变化不明显;预主喷间隔对发动机性能和排放的影响较小,预喷油量的增加会提高缸内压力和放热率峰值,造成NOx和碳烟排放增加;掺烧乙醇可以显著减少NOx和碳烟排放,提高缸内压力和放热率峰值,不过发动机的扭矩减小,油耗率增加;随着乙醇掺混比例增加,这些趋势进一步加强。柴油机采用预喷射和掺混乙醇相结合的策略,可以改善发动机的排放性能和燃烧特性,而且不会恶化动力性和经济性,是一种有效的技术方法。     

二甲醚发动机燃料喷射系统研究现状及发展

介绍了近几年国内外在二甲醚(DME)柴油机代用燃料方面的研究进程,并重点介绍了现阶段一种较适合DME燃料的低压共轨喷射系统。     

二甲醚发动机的供油、燃烧与排放

文章介绍了国内外关于二甲醚发动机供油、燃烧及排放方面的研究成果。     

乙醇-柴油混合燃料的燃烧与排放特性

研究了柴油机燃用不同掺混比的乙醇 -柴油混合燃料对排气烟度以及 NOx 气体排放成分的影响 ,分析了尾气排放中甲醛、乙醛以及未燃乙醇的含量。研究结果表明 ,加入一定比例的乙醇可改善缸内燃烧过程 ,大幅度降低排气烟度 ,提高燃油经济性。随着乙醇掺混比的提高 ,尾气中 NOx 含量、乙醛和未燃乙醇的含量有明显增加     

二甲醚发动机电控低压燃料喷射系统的设计

针对二甲醚燃料低粘性、高蒸汽压以及容易与空气形成混合气的特性，开发了电控低压燃油喷射系统，进行了系统的总体设计、电子控制单元(ECU)的软硬件开发和在油泵台架上的试验。电控系统软件采用实时模块化编程，具有编程灵活，移植性和扩展性好的特点。试验结果表明，在新开发系统的驱动下，喷油器启合及时，喷射有力，雾化效果好；所开发的软件能实现信号采集、发动机各丁况控制，满足了发动机正常运行、反馈控制及信号采集的实时性要求。     

二甲醚发动机发展现状与展望

介绍二甲醚的特性,国内外对二甲醚代用燃料开展研究的状况、开发和应用前景.     

车用增压二甲醚发动机燃烧和排放特性的试验研究

在一台D6114ZLQB柴油机上进行了燃用二甲醚（DME）的燃烧和排放特性的试验研究。研究结果表明：二甲醚发动机的外特性转矩特别是低速转矩比柴油机高;二甲醚喷油延迟角比柴油大,最高爆发压力、最大压力升高率、燃烧噪声比柴油低;二甲醚扩散燃烧速率比柴油快,燃烧持续期比柴油短。和柴油机相比,二甲醚发动机的NO,排放显著下降,其欧洲稳态测试循环（ESC的NOx排放比原柴油机降低41．6％;二甲醚发动机在全工况范围内碳烟排放为零。     

Effects of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel on combustion and emissions of direct injection diesel engine

Effects of Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel fuel on the combustion and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine under different fuel delivery advance angles were investigated. The experimental results show that F-T diesel fuel exhibits shorter ignition delay, lower peak values of premixed burning rate, lower combustion pressure and pressure rise rate, and higher peak value of diffusion burning rate than conventional diesel fuel when the engine remains unmodified. In addition, the unmodified engine with F-T diesel fuel has lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher effective thermal efficiency, and presents lower HC, CO, NO _x and smoke emissions than conventional diesel fuel. When fuel delivery advance angle is retarded by 3 crank angle degrees, the combustion duration is obviously shortened; the peak values of premixed burning rate, the combustion pressure and pressure rise rate are further reduced; and the peak value of diffusion burning rate is further increased for F-T diesel fuel operation. Moreover, the retardation of fuel delivery advance angle results in a further significant reduction in NO _x emissions with no penalty on specific fuel consumption and with much less penalty on HC, CO and smoke emissions. __________ Translated from Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2007, 28(2): 19–23 [译自: 内燃机工程]     

进气道喷水对高强化柴油机燃烧与排放特性的影响

针对高转速和大负荷工况下发动机粗暴燃烧、热负荷过高的问题,在一台高强化单缸柴油机上加装进气道辅助喷水系统进行仿真试验,研究了进气道喷水对燃烧与排放特性的影响。通过建立一维热力学模型和三维全气道模型,在独立进气道水喷射系统的高强化单缸柴油机上进行试验,对比不同喷水压力和水油比对缸内氧气浓度、燃烧压力、燃烧温度和NOx排放的影响。试验结果表明,喷水压力为1 MPa、水油比为0.6时,缸内最高燃烧温度降低34.2 K,NOx生成量减少24.6%。进气道喷水可明显降低缸内燃烧温度,在优化排放的同时有效改善了高强化柴油机热负荷过高的问题。     

Dimethyl ether as alternative fuel for CI engine and vehicle

As a developing and the most populous country in the world, China faces major challenges in energy supply and environmental protection. It is of great importance to develop clean and alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the basis of researches on DME engine and vehicle at Shanghai Jiaotong University in the last twelve years, fuel injection, combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of DME engine and DME vehicle are introduced in this paper. The results indicate that DME engines can achieve high thermal efficiency and ultra low emissions, and will play a significant role in meeting the energy demand while minimizing environmental impact in China.     

Dimethyl ether as alternative fuel for CI engine and vehicle

As a developing and the most populous country in the world, China faces major challenges in energy supply and environmental protection. It is of great importance to develop clean and alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the basis of researches on DME engine and vehicle at Shanghai Jiaotong University in the last twelve years, fuel injection, combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of DME engine and DME vehicle are introduced in this paper. The results indicate that DME engines can achieve high thermal efficiency and ultra low emissions, and will play a significant role in meeting the energy demand while minimizing environmental impact in China.     

Study of combustion and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with dimethylether

An experimental study of a turbocharged diesel engine operating on dimethyl ether (DME) was conducted. The combustion and emission characteristics of the DME engine were investigated. The results show that the maximum torque and power of DME are greater than those of diesel, particularly at low speeds; the brake specific fuel consumption of DME is lower than that of diesel at low and middle engine speeds, and the injection delay of DME is longer than that of diesel. However, the maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and combustion noises of the DME engine are lower than those of diesel. The combustion velocity of DME is faster than that of diesel, resulting in a shorter combustion duration of DME. Compared with the diesel engine, NO _x emission of the DME engine is reduced by 41.6% on ESC data. In addition, the DME engine is smoke free at any operating condition. __________ Translated from Transactions of CSICE, 2006, 24(3): 193–199 [译自: 内燃机学报]     

Experimental study of inlet manifold water injection on combustion and emissions of an automotive direct injection Diesel engine

This paper describes an experimental study conducted on a modern high speed common-rail automotive Diesel engine in order to evaluate the effects on combustion and pollutant emissions of water injected as a fine mist in the inlet manifold.     

Effect of pilot fuel injection pressure and injection timing on combustion,performance and emission of hydrogen-biodiesel dual fuel engine

The present study highlights the influence of fuel injection pressure (FIP) and fuel injection timing (FIT) of Jatropha biodiesel as pilot fuel on the performance, combustion and emission of a hydrogen dual fuel engine. The hydrogen flow rates used in this study are 5lit/min, 7lit/min, and 9lit/min. The pilot fuel is injected at three FIPs (500, 1000, and 1500 bar) and at three FITs (5°, 11°, and 17?bTDC). The results showed an increase in brake thermal efficiency (B_th)from 25.02% for base diesel operation to 32.15% for hydrogen-biodiesel dual fuel operation with 9lit/min flow rate at a FIP of 1500 bar and a FITof17?bTDC. The cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) are also found to be higher for higher FIPs. Advancement in FIT is found to promote superior HRR for hydrogen dual fuel operations. The unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and soot emissions are found to reduce by 59.52% and 46.15%, respectively, for hydrogen dual fuel operation with 9lit/min flow rate at a FIP of 1500 bar and a FIT of 11?bTDC. However, it is also observed that the oxides of nitrogen (NO_X) emissions are increased by 20.61% with 9lit/min hydrogen flow rate at a FIP of 1500 bar and a FIT of 17?bTDC. Thus, this study has shown the potential of higher FIP and FIT in improving the performance, combustion and emission of a hydrogen dual fuel engine with Jatropha biodiesel as pilot fuel.     

Influence of advanced injection timing on the performance and emissions of CI engine fueled with ethanol‐blended diesel fuel

Ethanol has been considered as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. On the other hand, injection timing is a major parameter that sensitively affects the engine performance and emissions. Therefore, in this study, the influence of advanced injection timing on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, four stroke, direct injection diesel engine has been experimentally investigated when using ethanol‐blended diesel fuel from 0 to 15% with an increment of 5%. The original injection timing of the engine is 27° crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC). The tests were conducted at three different injection timings (27, 30 and 33° CA BTDC) for 30 Nm constant load at 1800 rpm. The experimental results showed that brake‐specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC), NO_x and CO₂ emissions increased as brake‐thermal efficiency (BTE), smoke, CO and HC emissions decreased with increasing amount of ethanol in the fuel mixture. Comparing the results with those of original injection timing, NO_x emissions increased and smoke, HC and CO emissions decreased for all test fuels at the advanced injection timings. For BSEC, BSFC and BTE, advanced injection timings gave negative results for all test conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of variable timing fuel injection cam for effective abatement of diesel engine emissions

Fossil fuel run diesel engines are being favored in light, medium and heavy duty applications as they exhibit higher fuel conversion efficiencies. Direct injection diesels are still facing challenges to obtain trade-off between oxides of nitrogen and particulate emissions. There are sophisticated strategies such as common rail direct injection, particulate filters with associated sensors and actuators but limited to expensive comfort vehicles. In the present experimental study, a mechanically operated simple component, variable timing fuel injection cam, is designed for a 510 cc automotive type naturally aspirated, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine. Modifications in the fuel injection cam and gear train are carried out to suit the existing engine configuration. Variable speed tests are carried out for testing the efficacy of component on both engine and chassis dynamometers for performance and emissions. It is observed that the engine which is already retarded could further be retarded with variable timing fuel injection cam. Significant reductions in NO_x and smoke emission levels are achieved. Combined effect of VIC with 7% EGR could reduce CO by about 88%, HC + NO_x by 37% and PM emissions by 90%. The Engine incorporated with the designed component and EGR, successfully satisfied the existing emission norms with improved power and specific fuel consumption.