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W型火焰煤粉锅炉炉内燃烧过程及污染物生成的数值模拟 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对W型火焰锅炉炉内气-固两相三维流动,传热和气-固两相湍燃烧进行了全面的数值模拟,计算了在满负荷及50%负荷2种情况下,W型火焰煤粉锅炉炉内气-固两相流动、温度场分布和各气相组份浓度场分布,并进一步分析了污染生物的规律,计算了NOx在W型火焰煤粉锅炉中的分布飞速2。 相似文献
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以东方锅炉600MW超临界W火焰锅炉为研究对象,从非预混燃烧、气相湍流、颗粒相轨道模型、辐射传热、煤粉挥发分燃烧等模型入手,运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT进行了计算流体力学(CFD)模拟,同时建立了炉膛水冷壁一维分布参数模型,将其得到的水冷壁温度分布作为CFD模拟的边界条件,通过两种模型的混合模拟,得到了更为准确的基础工况和变负荷工况下炉膛内温度场、流场、组分浓度场的分布特性,并分析了炉内煤粉燃烧规律的变化。 相似文献
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燃尽风对炉内流动和燃烧过程影响的数值模拟 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
燃尽风作为降低锅炉NOx排放浓度的一个措施已在我国得到逐步推广应用。应用数值模拟方法,对1台600MW对冲燃烧煤粉锅炉,在满负荷下燃尽风对炉内流动、燃烧和传热过程的影响开展了研究工作。应用混合分数/概率密度函数法模拟湍流燃烧,用P-1辐射模型开展辐射传热模拟,利用拉格朗日/欧拉法处理气固两相间的动量、质量和能量交换,对挥发份的析出采用单步反应模型,采用动力/扩散反应速率模型模拟煤粉颗粒的表面燃烧。研究发现:一方面,燃尽风的应用改善了炉内气流的充满情况,延迟了煤粉燃烧过程氧气的供应,加强了炉内的还原性气氛,降低了炉内最高火焰温度,有利于降低NOx排放浓度;但另一方面。燃尽风的应用将导致煤粉燃烧效率下降。 相似文献
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采用煤粉燃烧自维持一维试验炉进行了不同煤粉粒径贫煤的单级和多级空气分级燃烧试验,研究了煤粉粒径对煤粉空气分级燃烧NOx排放的影响,探索适用于贫煤空气分级燃烧的煤粉粒径参数和分级级数,以实现较低的NOx排放.结果 表明:粒径影响炉内煤粉颗粒燃烧过程和NOx生成特性,细煤粉颗粒的燃烧速率更快,在炉内易形成还原性气氛,有利于抑制NOx生成和促进已生成的NOx的均相异相还原反应;在深度空气分级燃烧条件下,粒径减小对于降低NOx排放的作用更加显著;采用多级空气分级燃烧能够进一步降低NOx排放量.建议在实际燃用贫煤的锅炉中,采用两级空气分级燃烧和平均粒径为22.78 μm的细煤粉相结合的燃烧技术方案,此时NOx质量浓度可减少27.9%. 相似文献
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对某电厂600 MW切圆燃烧锅炉进行了O2/CO2气氛下炉内流动、传热和燃烧过程的数值研究。结果表明:在O2/CO2气氛下,随着氧气摩尔浓度的增加,炉内温度升高,高温区变大,对煤粉的着火燃烧有利;但考虑到燃烧器安全和水冷壁结渣,氧气摩尔浓度不能太高,对燃用文中煤质的锅炉其极限摩尔浓度在40%至45%之间。O2/CO2气氛对现有切圆燃烧锅炉的上层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较小,对下层燃烧器煤粉的燃烧影响较大。与空气气氛煤粉燃烧相比,炉内火焰中心上移,且在氧气摩尔浓度不太高时,炉内温度分布特性有利于防止水冷壁的结渣。 相似文献
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设计了一套用于大型燃煤锅炉炉内测温、烟气分析及颗粒取样研究的设备,它包括水冷枪抽气热电偶、飞灰等速取样仪和烟气多功能测量分析仪。利用它对某电厂300MW的W型火焰锅炉沿炉膛高度进行了测温、烟气分析及颗粒采样综合测试试验,并测量了颗粒样品含碳量和粒径分布。结果表明:炉内温度和煤粉细度都是影响煤粉燃尽率的重要因素,当锅炉负荷大于260MW时则煤粉细度成为主导因素;该炉磨煤机出力裕度不大,煤质变差时高负荷下煤粉急剧变粗,机械不完全损失和化学不完全损失都增加.是燃尽率低的主要原因。研究结果为掌握该炉燃烧特性和进行相关技术调整提供了有意义的参考信息。 相似文献
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针对某650 MW超超临界燃煤锅炉在深度调峰过程中燃用大同烟煤时无法稳定燃烧的情况开展研究,就如何提高锅炉在低负荷运行中稳燃性的问题,对原煤种进行掺混改良,改变不同富氧燃烧配风方式,利用计算流体力学模拟软件模拟了不同工况的炉内燃烧情况。模拟结果表明:由于锅炉降低负荷运行增加了原煤种的着火难度,固定碳含量低且挥发分高的煤种可以较好适应锅炉运行调整;富氧燃烧可以提高锅炉低负荷运行时的出口烟温,能满足后续脱硝处理的要求;随着富氧燃烧程度的增大,煤粉燃烧耗氧量增加,每秒燃烧的煤粉颗粒数增加,加剧了炉内的燃烧,使燃烧更稳定;当富氧浓度大于27%时,不能高效提高炉内温度,NOx排放量增多;当富氧浓度为27%时,炉膛出口NOx排放量按6%O2折算为负增长的最小值,是该锅炉低负荷投运较为理想的工况。 相似文献
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Woody biomass in Finland and Sweden comprises mainly four wood species: spruce, pine, birch and aspen. To study the ash, which may cause problems for the combustion device, one tree of each species were cut down and prepared for comparisons with fuel samples. Well-defined samples of wood, bark and foliage were analyzed on 11 ash-forming elements: Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, K, P, S and Cl. The ash content in the wood tissues (0.2–0.7%) was low compared to the ash content in the bark tissues (1.9–6.4%) and the foliage (2.4–7.7%). The woods’ content of ash-forming elements was consequently low; the highest contents were of Ca (410–1340 ppm) and K (200–1310), followed by Mg (70–290), Mn (15–240) and P (0–350). Present in the wood was also Si (50–190), S (50–200) and Cl (30–110). The bark tissues showed much higher element contents; Ca (4800–19,100 ppm) and K (1600–6400) were the dominating elements, followed by Mg (210–2400), P (210–1200), Mn (110–1100) and S (310–750), but the Cl contents (40–330) were only moderately higher in the bark than in the wood. The young foliage (shoots and deciduous leaves) had the highest K (7100–25,000 ppm), P (1600–5300) and S (1100–2600) contents of all tissues, while the shoots of spruce had the highest Cl contents (820–1360) and its needles the highest Si content (5000–11,300). This paper presented a new approach in fuel characterization: the method excludes the presence of impurities, and focus on different categories of plant tissues. This made it possible to discuss the contents of ash element in a wide spectrum of fuel-types, which are of large importance for the energy production in Finland and Sweden. 相似文献
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《热能动力工程》2014,(5)
正1 ABSTRACT To reduce the effect of global warming on our climate,the levels of CO2emissions should be reduced.One way to do this is to increase the efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels.This will in turn reduce the amount of CO2emissions for a given power output.Using US practice for efficiency calculations,then a move from a typical US plant running at 37%efficiency to a 760℃/38.5 MPa(1 400/5 580 psi)plant running at 48%efficiency would reduce CO2emissions by 170kg/MW.hr or 25%. 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of the direct surface-curvature distribution blade-design method, originally proposed by Korakianitis, for the leading-edge design of turbine blades, and by extension for other types of airfoil shapes. The leading edge shape is critical in the blade design process, and it is quite difficult to completely control with inverse, semi-inverse or other direct-design methods. The blade-design method is briefly reviewed, and then the effort is concentrated on smoothly blending the leading edge shape (circle or ellipse, etc.) with the main part of the blade surface, in a manner that avoids leading-edge flow-disturbance and flow-separation regions. Specifically in the leading edge region we return to the second-order (parabolic) construction line coupled with a revised smoothing equation between the leading-edge shape and the main part of the blade. The Hodson–Dominy blade has been used as an example to show the ability of this blade-design method to remove leading-edge separation bubbles in gas turbine blades and other airfoil shapes that have very sharp changes in curvature near the leading edge. An additional gas turbine blade example has been used to illustrate the ability of this method to design leading edge shapes that avoid leading-edge separation bubbles at off-design conditions. This gas turbine blade example has inlet flow angle 0°, outlet flow angle −64.3°, and tangential lift coefficient 1.045, in a region of parameters where the leading edge shape is critical for the overall blade performance. Computed results at incidences of −10°, −5°, +5°, +10° are used to illustrate the complete removal of leading edge flow-disturbance regions, thus minimizing the possibility of leading-edge separation bubbles, while concurrently minimizing the stagnation pressure drop from inlet to outlet. These results using two difficult example cases of leading edge geometries illustrate the superiority and utility of this blade-design method when compared with other direct or inverse blade-design methods. 相似文献
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A chemical reactor for the steam-gasification of carbonaceous particles (e.g. coal, coke) is considered for using concentrated solar radiation as the energy source of high-temperature process heat. A two-phase reactor model that couples radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfer to the chemical kinetics is applied to optimize the reactor geometrical configuration and operational parameters (feedstock's initial particle size, feeding rates, and solar power input) for maximum reaction extent and solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of a 5 kW prototype reactor and its scale-up to 300 kW. For the 300 kW reactor, complete reaction extent is predicted for an initial feedstock particle size up to 35 μm at residence times of less than 10 s and peak temperatures of 1818 K, yielding high-quality syngas with a calorific content that has been solar-upgraded by 19% over that of the petcoke gasified. 相似文献
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As part of a pilot study investigating the role of microorganisms in the immobilisation of As, Sb, B, Tl and Hg, the inorganic geochemistry of seven different active sinter deposits and their contact fluids were characterised. A comprehensive series of sequential extractions for a suite of trace elements was carried out on siliceous sinter and a mixed silica-carbonate sinter. The extractions showed whether metals were loosely exchangeable or bound to carbonate, oxide, organic or crystalline fractions. Hyperthermophilic microbial communities associated with sinters deposited from high temperature (92–94°C) fluids at a variety of geothermal sources were investigated using SEM. The rapidity and style of silicification of the hyperthermophiles can be correlated with the dissolved silica content of the fluid. Although high concentrations of Hg and Tl were found associated with the organic fraction of the sinters, there was no evidence to suggest that any of the heavy metals were associated preferentially with the hyperthermophiles at the high temperature (92–94°C) ends of the terrestrial thermal spring ecosystems studied. 相似文献
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The physical aspects of the activation energy, in higher and high temperatures, of the metal creep process were examined. The research results of creep-rupture in a uniaxial stress state and the criterion of creep-rupture in biaxial stress states, at two temperatures, are then presented. For these studies creep-rupture, taking case iron as an example the energy and pseudoenergy activation was determined. For complex stress states the criterion of creep-rupture was taken to be Sdobyrev's, i.e. σred = σ1 β + (1 − β)σi, where: σ1-maximal principal stress, σi-stress intensity, β-material constant (at variable temperature β = β(T)). The methods of assessment of the material ageing grade are given in percentages of ageing of new material in the following mechanical properties: 1) creep strength in uniaxial stress state, 2) activation energy in uniaxial stress state, 3) criterion creep strength in complex stress states, 4) activation pseudoenergy in complex stress states. The methods 1) and 3) are the relatively simplest because they result from experimental investigations only at nominal temperature of the structure work, however, for methods 2) and 4) it is necessary to perform the experimental investigations at least at two temperatures. 相似文献
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Jaime Massanet-Nicolau Alan Guwy Richard Dinsdale Giuliano Premier Sandra Esteves 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2010
Hydrogen was produced from primary sewage biosolids via mesophilic anaerobic fermentation in a continuously fed bioreactor. Prior to fermentation the sewage biosolids were heated to 70 °C for 1 h to inactivate methanogens and during fermentation a cellulose degrading enzyme was added to improve substrate availability. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 18, 24, 36 and 48 h were evaluated for the duration of hydrogen production. Without sparging a hydraulic retention time of 24 h resulted in the longest period of hydrogen production (3 days), during which a hydrogen yield of 21.9 L H2 kg−1 VS added to the bioreactor was achieved. Methods of preventing the decline of hydrogen production during continuous fermentation were evaluated. Of the techniques evaluated using nitrogen gas to sparge the bioreactor contents proved to be more effective than flushing just the headspace of the bioreactor. Sparging at 0.06 L L min−1 successfully prevented a decline in hydrogen production and resulted in a yield of 27.0 L H2 kg−1 VS added, over a period of greater than 12 days or 12 HRT. The use of sparging also delayed the build up of acetic acid in the bioreactor, suggesting that it serves to inhibit homoacetogenesis and thus maintain hydrogen production. 相似文献