纳米流体传热强化技术

主要汇总了国内外纳米流体传热强化技术的研究成果,对纳米流体传热强化技术的国内外研究发展状况进行了综述;针对纳米流体的物性参数及流动情况,分析了纳米流体的强化传热机理;并具体阐述了纳米流体的主要物性参数——导热系数和粘度的影响因素;叙述了纳米流体的在各个领域中的应用并对其未来进行了展望。     

泡沫陶瓷多孔介质内流体流动及表面传热模拟

气隙扩散蒸馏脱盐技术利用具有大比表面积的多孔介质作为蒸发器,海水在多孔介质内部流动并在表面蒸发,多孔介质起到了强化液体蒸发的作用;但由于多孔介质结构极其复杂,很难使用传统的实验技术从微观水平观测到多孔介质孔隙通道内流体的流动状态以及传热现象。针对此问题采用计算机数值模拟方法,拍摄实际碳化硅泡沫陶瓷CT图片,构建三维模型进行有限元模拟分析。结果表明,多孔介质内流体会优先通过较大孔隙通道。流体在多孔介质表面向环境空气的散热量随孔隙密度增大而增大,孔隙密度从10提高至30 PPI,散热量提高约1.43倍。进口热流体与环境空气温差越大,向环境的散热量越大,孔隙密度在30 PPI条件下,进口热流体温度从49.38增加至68.67 ℃,散热量提高近2.07倍。     

纳米流体强化传热研究分析

文中综述了目前国内外对于纳米流体强化传热技术的研究情况,分析了纳米流体的强化传热机理及添加纳米粒子后对液体的物性参数--粘度、比热、密度、流体流动的影响;说明了石墨/水纳米流体及Fe3O4/水纳米流体导热系数和对流换热系数测量实验的原理及结果,并对结果进行了分析,实验结果表明纳米流体强化了传热.     

纳米流体黏度影响因素的试验研究

以SiO2纳米颗粒分别分散在去离子水(DW)、乙二醇(EG)以及两者的混合液中得到的纳米流体为研究对象,研究了颗粒大小、温度、基液成分和体积分数等因素对纳米流体黏度的影响.结果表明:在相同基液的条件下,随着颗粒粒径减小,流体黏度增加;基液中EG体积分数越大,黏度受温度影响越明显;黏度随体积分数变化的规律与修正的K-D模型吻合较好,但当体积分数超过1%时,由于纳米颗粒团聚程度不同,使得以混合液(EG体积分数为50%)为基液的纳米流体的黏度远大于预测值.     

低体积分数水基SiO2纳米流体沸腾换热关键物性参数研究

在不添加任何分散剂和改变pH值的情况下,通过两步法将比表面积为150 m~2/g的气相SiO_2纳米颗粒制备成均匀稳定、透明度高、分散性能好的纳米流体。并对该功能性纳米流体进行了导热系数、黏度、表面张力和壁面接触角的测量。低体积分数下,功能性纳米流体较基液的导热系数几乎没有变化,但黏度却有较大改变。传统固液两相混合物黏度模型不再适用功能性纳米流体的计算,其主要原因是传统公式低估了分子间作用力对纳米流体黏度的影响。因此,建立了功能性纳米流体的黏度经验公式。由于纳米颗粒的存在提高了沸腾表面的粗糙度,从而使纳米流体的壁面湿润性能大大提高。实验结果表明,纳米流体的黏性和壁面接触角是沸腾换热发生骤变的关键。     

纳米颗粒强化热虹吸管传热特性的实验研究

随着纳米技术的飞速发展,研究者逐渐把这一高新技术应用于热能动力领域。提出了在热虹吸管里面添加纳米颗粒。从理论和实验研究了这种热虹吸管蒸发段的工作特性,结果表明,与普通热管相比较,这种新式热管具有很好的启动特性,低的管壁温度,换热系数提高了47％,96％,轴相热流率提高了7．6％-15％。其换热性能随纳米颗粒粒径的减小而提高,随纳米颗粒加入量有所增加。当超过一定量时换热性能反而降低了。这种新的方法简单而且容易应用于工业技术中。     

纳米流体柴油机机油冷却器传热试验设计

为了研究新型冷却介质--纳米流体在内燃机冷却系统中的换热效果,自行设计了适用于多种冷却介质的传热性能试验台,并根据纳米流体的性能改进了加热方法,以纳米流体、水和防冻液为冷却介质在柴油机机油冷却器中进行了传热性能试验.结果表明,当冷却介质进口温度为85℃时,纳米流体的换热能力比水和防冻液分别提高了4.6%和19.0%;当...     

内燃机冷却系统中应用纳米流体强化传热研究综述

内燃机工作时依赖冷却系统将多余热量及时带走以保证燃烧室核心部件及润滑油膜的正常工作温度。常规内燃机冷却介质导热系数偏低,而新一代强化传热工质纳米流体具有明显提升的传热性能,应用于内燃机冷却系统有利于强化内燃机传热及提高热管理性能。且由于纳米流体的传热性能受纳米粒子的种类、大小、浓度、形状等因素影响,可以通过改变这些因素控制内燃机冷却水腔的传热量。综述了国内外研究者针对纳米流体导热系数与对流换热性能开展的试验测试、理论分析和计算机模拟研究工作,以及纳米流体应用于内燃机冷却系统中强化传热的进展,最后指出当前研究工作的不足及未来工作方向。     

自激振荡流热管内Cu-水纳米流体的传热特性

对工质为Cu-水纳米流体的自激振荡流热管在不同激光加热功率下的热传输特性进行了实验研究,并对工质为蒸馏水的自激振荡流热管的传热性能进行了比较.通过对不同的充液率、Cu纳米颗粒份额的Cu-水纳米流体自激振荡流热管实验结果分析发现:自激振荡流热管内Cu-水纳米流体的热传输具有一定的特殊性,在一定条件下纳米流体可以起到强化传热的作用,但决定纳米流体自激振荡流热管热传输性能的参数应是充液率.     

泡沫金属圆管内沸腾传热的数值模拟

为了解泡沫金属沸腾传热原理,建立了泡沫金属圆管三维物理模型,采用BrinkmanForchheimer扩展达西动量方程和C语言编写气液两相质量传递和能量传递的自定义函数,对泡沫金属圆管中沸腾传热现象进行数值模拟,分析了质量流率、干度对流型、压降和沸腾传热系数的影响。模拟结果表明,在一定质量流率下,单位长度压降随着干度的增大成非线性增长趋势;低质量流率时,随着干度的增大,管内流型由分层流过渡到波状流进而过渡到稳定的波状流,传热系数变小;高质量流率时,随着干度的增大,管内流型由弹状流过渡到环状流,传热系数变大。     

Application of neural network on heat transfer enhancement of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid

The applications of neural networks (NNs) on engineering problems have been increased for obtaining high precision results. In this study, a new type of NN known as the group method of data handling (GMDH) is applied to obtain a formulation of a heat transfer rate. The numerical method of control volume‐based finite element method (CVFEM) is applied as a robust and reliable numerical approach for simulation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a nanofluid inside an inclined enclosure with a sinusoidal wall. A water‐based nanofluid with Cu nanoparticles is used as main fluid in our model. Maxwell–Garnetts (MG) and Brinkman models are applied to calculate effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid, respectively. This study tries to find that GMDH‐type NN is a reliable technique for calculation of MHD nanofluid convective based on specified variables. Our findings clearly demonstrate that GMDH‐type NN is more reliable than the CVFEM approach and this technique could efficiently identify the patterns in data and precisely estimate a performance. Comprehensive parametric studies are done to disclose the impact of significant factors such as electromagnetic force, buoyancy, nanoparticle volume fraction, and direction of enclosure on heat transfer rates. According to obtained results, heat transfer rate rises with the growth of buoyancy effects, the concentration of nanoparticles, and slope of domain while it reduces when Hartmann number is increased.     

Impact of volume fraction and fluid layer thickness on heat transfer effectiveness of water-based nanofluids

The heat transfer effectiveness of nanofluids is adversely affected by the delay in convection onset. The lesser effectiveness, when compared to that of base fluid, is observed in a range of nanofluid layer thickness. The heat transfer coefficient of water–Al₂O₃ nanofluid can be enhanced by sustaining the equilibrium between Rayleigh number, temperature, particle volume fraction, and enclosure aspect ratio. In this paper, the specific correlation of fluid layer thickness and the onset of convection, which can significantly dominate the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are investigated using the concept of critical Rayleigh number. The water layer thickness for convection onset is first experimentally assessed for different real-life heat flux densities. It is then performed for Al₂O₃–water nanofluid for varying volume fractions. With the increase in volume fraction even though thermal conductivity increases, the overall heat transfer enhancement of the nanofluid is reduced. Temperature involved (heat flux density), the volume fraction of the nanofluid used, nanofluid layer thickness (space availability for the cooling system), and mass of the nanoparticle influence heat transfer enhancement. A higher volume fraction may not always result in enhancement of heat transfer as far as nanofluids are concerned.     

Heat transfer enhancement in a cubical cavity filled with a hybrid nanofluid

Mixed convection heat transfer in a cubical cavity with an isothermally heated blockage inside filled with a hybrid nanofluid (HBNF) is numerically studied. The natural convection is created by the temperature difference between the hot block and the cold lateral walls, while the forced convection is generated by moving the upper wall. The influence of some variables, like the aspect ratio (0.1 ≤ r ≤ 0.5), Richardson number (0 ≤ Ri≤ 20), Reynolds number (50 ≤ Re ≤ 200), volume concentration of nanoparticles (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.06), and the concentration ratio (2:8, 5:5, and 8:2) on the flow field and heat transfer is analyzed. A comparison between hybrid and mono nanofluids (NFs) is realized to investigate the energy transport enhancement. Results show that the increase of each parameter causes an increase of average Nusselt number Nu_avg and improves the heat transfer; besides the use of HBNF gives better Nu_avg values. Three correlations of the effect of r, ϕ, Ri, and Re on Nu_avg are determined for both hybrid and mono NFs.     

Mechanism and mathematical model of heat and mass transfer during convective drying of porous materials

Based on classical analysis and conclusive comments about various kinds of drying models, a rigorously formulated and comprehensive theoretical model is established to describe heat and mass transfer during constant rate and falling rate periods in convective drying of porous materials. The concept of iterative correction is introduced, and a corresponding numerical method is developed for the moving boundary problem in numerical simulations of drying processes. The calculation results for the drying of bricks show that the model presented is more precise than other models. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 28(5): 337–351, 1999     

Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Porous Plate Channel

INTRODUCTIONHeattransferenllancen1enttechniquesplayaveryimportantroleintllermalcontroltechnologies1lsedwithnlicroelectronicchips,powerfullasermirrors,aerospacecraft,thermalnuclearfusion,etc.Itiswidelyrecognizedthattl1eheattransfercanbein-creasedbyil1creasingthesurfaceareaincontactwiththecoolant.TuckermanandPease[1,2]pointedoutthatforlaminarflowinconfinedchannels,theheattransfercoefficientisinverselyproportionaltothewidthofthechannelsincethelimitingNusseltnum-berisconsta11t.Theybuiltawate…     

Local thermal nonequilibrium effect on nanofluid filled porous cavity subject to mixed convection heat transfer

In this study, a numerical study is performed to determine the significance of local thermal nonequilibrium on mixed convection heat transfer of a copper water-based nanofluid in an inclined porous cavity. By employing the nonequilibrium hypothesis, the governing equations for nanofluid flow in a porous medium are solved by the Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equation (SIMPLE) algorithm. From the obtained results, the nanofluid flow and thermal characteristics are analyzed through streamlines and isothermal plots whereas the heat-transfer rate of the system is scrutinized via the average Nusselt number.     

Experimental investigation of convective heat transfer coefficient of Al2O3/water nanofluid at lower concentrations in a car radiator

For many years, water and ethylene glycol were used as conventional coolants in automotive car radiators, but these coolants offer lower thermal conductivity than is required. This study is focused on the application of water‐based Al₂O₃ nanofluid at lower concentrations in a car radiator. The Al₂O₃ nanoparticles with an average diameter of 50 nm are dispersed in demineralized water at four different volume concentrations (0.1 vol. % to 0.4 vol. %) without any dispersant or stabilizer. Flow rate is varied in the range of 2 l/min to 5 l/min and inlet coolant temperature to the radiator is set to 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with an increase in particle concentration, flow rate, and inlet temperature of coolant and the maximum increase in heat transfer coefficient is 45.87 % compared to pure water. However, the Nusselt number increases with the increase in particle concentration, Reynolds number, and inlet temperature of the coolant. In addition with the experimental study, a regression analysis is performed by using the ANOVA method and generates a correlation for the convective heat transfer coefficient.     

Analysis of MHD micropolar nanofluid flow and heat transfer between a porous plate and a nonporous plate filled with porous medium

This article presents an analytical study on magnetohydrodynamic micropolar nanofluid flow through parallel, coaxial discs filled with a porous medium with uniform blowing from the upper plate. Three different types of nanoparticles, namely copper, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide are considered with water and used as base fluids. The governing equations are solved via Differential Transformation Method. The validity of this method has been verified with the results of numerical solution (fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta scheme). The analytical investigation is carried out for different governing parameters. The results indicate that skin friction coefficient has a direct relationship with Hartmann number and the micropolar parameter. It is also found that Nusselt number is increased with increment in Prandtl number and Eckert number. Additionally, this analysis concluded that an increase in volume fraction of nanofluid increases the Nusselt number on the top plate and decreases it on the lower plate.