硅改性HZSM-5沸石上甲苯与甲醇选择性甲基化的研究

采用硅油化学液相沉积法,焙烧后在HZSM-5沸石外表面上形成SiO2涂层,可有效地调控HZSM-5沸石的孔口尺寸。制备了一系列SiO2沉积量不同的Si/HZSM-5催化剂,并进行了甲苯与甲醇选择性甲基化反应。随着SiO2沉积量增加,沸石骨架结构和内表面性质变化不大,而孔口尺寸逐渐缩小,反应中产物对二甲苯的选择性明显提高。     

化学液相沉积法改性ZSM-5沸石上的甲苯择形歧化反应 Ⅰ沉积条件的影响

以硅氧烷为改性剂,采用化学液相沉积法制备了系列改性HZSM-5催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N2物理吸附及程序升温氨脱附(NH3-TPD)表征了催化剂的物化性质,并在高压微型反应装置上考察了改性催化剂在甲苯歧化反应中的催化性能,详细考察了催化剂制备过程中沉积量、沉积时间和沉积次数对甲苯转化率和对二甲苯选择性的影响。结果表明,催化剂颗粒的内外层SiO2沉积不均匀,形成了蛋壳型的催化剂;SiO2主要沉积在ZSM-5晶粒的外表面,而内部结构和酸性影响不显著。改性催化剂可大幅度提高甲苯歧化的对位选择性;沉积时间对选择性影响不大,多次沉积、增加沉积剂量可提高对位选择性,且存在一个最佳沉积量。     

TEOS-化学液相沉积法改性ZSM-5催化剂上的高选择性甲苯择形歧化反应

Shape-selective catalysts for the disproportionation of toluene were prepared by the modification of the cylinder-shaped ZSM-5 zeolite extrudates with chemical liquid deposition with TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate).Various parameters for preparing catalysts were changed to investigate the suitable conditions.The resulting cata-lysts were tested in a pressured fixed bed reactor and characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy).The conversion of toluene and para-xylene selectivity were influenced remarkably by the n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3) ratio of ZSM-5 zeolite,the type and amount of deposition agent,acid and solvent used,and the time and cycle of deposition treatment.TEOS was proved to be a more efficient agent than the conventional polysiloxanes when the deposition amount was low.The catalyst prepared at the suitable conditions exhibited a high para-xylene selectivity of 91.1% with considerable high conversion of 25.6%.SEM analyses confirmed the formation of a layer of amorphous silica on the external surface of ZSM-5 zeolie crystals,which was responsible for the highly enhanced shape-selectivity.     

HZSM-5催化剂气相沉积改性及催化甲苯歧化抗积炭性能

为使HZSM-5具有较高的甲苯歧化催化活性,提高对二甲苯的选择性以及催化剂的抗积炭稳定性,采用钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯和亚磷酸二乙酯对HZSM-5催化剂进行化学气相沉积改性。分别采用红外光谱和吡啶程序升温脱附(TPD)表征了改性前后催化剂表面酸中心性质。实验结果表明,HZSM-5沸石气相化学沉积覆Ti、Si和P的氧化物后,表面酸中心类型和弱酸中心密度没有改变,强酸中心密度有所下降,其中化学气相覆P的HZSM-5酸中心强度明显增强。改性后的HZSM-5沸石用于甲苯歧化反应催化剂时,经过气相化学沉积覆Si和P的HZSM-5催化剂不仅能提高甲苯歧化催化活性,而且能够大幅度提高催化剂的抗积炭能力。     

磷镁改性HZSM-5催化剂甲苯甲醇烷基化性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了系列磷镁改性ZSM-5催化剂，考察了磷镁改性对HZSM-5催化剂甲苯甲醇烷基化反应活性和选择性的影响。并对其进行了NH3-TPD，Py—IR，XRD等表征，研究了改性氧化物在ZSM-5分子筛表面的分布状态以及其对催化剂的酸性质的影响，结果表明磷元素改性有效降低了催化剂的酸强度，抑制了甲苯歧化反应；MgO质量含量低时，主要以无定形状态高度分散在分子筛外表面上，含量较高时形成结晶态MgO。MgO改性主要作用是覆盖了催化剂外表面酸性活性中心，堵塞了孔口，提高了反应产物的对位选择性。     

化学液相沉积法改性ZSM-5沸石上的甲苯择形歧化反应:Ⅱ水蒸气处理与反应条件的影响

采用水蒸气对化学液相沉积硅改性HZSM 5催化剂进行了处理,考察了250~500℃时水热处理温度对催化剂在甲苯择形歧化反应中的催化活性和对二甲苯选择性的影响。实验结果表明,300~350℃时的水热处理效果较好,甲苯转化率和对二甲苯选择性分别达到23.5%和96.5%。在高对位选择性的催化剂上,详细考察了反应温度、反应压力、氢气与甲苯进料比和甲苯进料速率对甲苯转化率、对二甲苯选择性和收率的影响。实验结果表明,高压、较低温度、低液相空速有利于提高对二甲苯的收率,在反应温度420℃、压力2.5 MPa、甲苯的质量空速为1.5 h-1、氢烃摩尔比为2~3的条件下,甲苯转化率为25.8%,选择性为94.1%,对二甲苯收率为10.5%。     

液相沉积在木器饰品中的应用

通过化学液相沉积的方法，在木器饰品表面沉积一层装饰性的镀层或艺术图案，开辟出一条木器装饰的新途径，具有较高的经济效益。     

Preparation of Fe/Al Composites with Enhanced Thermal Properties by Chemical Liquid Deposition Methods

Core‐shell Fe/Al composites were successfully prepared by chemical liquid deposition with iron carbonyl [Fe(CO)₅] as precursor and kerosine as oil phase medium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), and simultaneous thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) were employed to characterize the samples and assess their thermal properties. The results indicated that the aluminum core was coated compactly by an iron layer and the the oxidation kinetics of the obtained composite powders showed a significant improvement compared to pure aluminum powders. The thermal reactivity of Fe/Al composites with oxygen is obviously higher than those of pure aluminum powders, which means that after coating much more heat can be released in the same temperature range and the heat release happens faster and more concentrated. On the basis of the results, a possible formation of the coating is proposed and a thermal reaction mechanism is also discussed.     

Roles of ZSM-5 modifier agents in selective toluene disproportionation

Selective toluene disproportionation has been studied over ZSM-5 zeolites modified with P, Si and Cs compounds. For the P and Si modified samples, p-xylene proportion in the primary product was 100% due to the diffusional control on the internal xylene isomerization. The number and strength of the acid sites are reduced by the three modifier agents but a relationship between para-selectivity and the decrease of the acid strength has not been observed. The most para-selective samples have been those modified with Si which has been related to the deposition of this agent on the external surface of the zeolite crystals avoiding the primary product isomerization.     

甲苯在硅沉积结合水热改性ZSM-5分子筛上的选择性歧化

采用液相沉积法研究了硅改性剂结合水热改性对择形分子筛的表面酸性和孔结构参数的影响。以甲苯的歧化反应为探针，考察了改性剂的种类和改性次数等因素对催化剂选择性和活性的影响。结果表明，硅改性剂能显著改变分子筛的强酸性，可以对择形分子筛的孔结构进行精细调节。分子筛改性后甲苯的转化率有所降低，但对二甲苯的选择性明显提高。     

磷镁改性的ZSM-5分子筛催化性能研究

研究了磷、镁改性对ZSM-5分子筛的孔结构和酸性的影响。采用甲苯的歧化反应为探针反应,考察了改性后分子筛催化甲苯选择歧化反应的活性和选择性。结果表明,磷、镁单独改性时,随着负载质量分数的增加,转化率逐渐增加,且大于相同工艺条件下HZSM-5的转化率。当磷质量分数达到3％～5％ 或镁质量分数达到1％时,转化率达到最大值,这时对二甲苯为平衡组成,基本没有选择性。磷镁复合改性时,既可以提高催化剂的选择性,又可以使催化剂的活性不至于降得很低。在磷质量分数为9％、镁质量分数为1％时,改性效果最好。     

HZSM-5分子筛上甲苯择形甲基化反应积炭行为探讨

将水热合成法制备并改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂应用于甲苯甲醇甲基化反应,催化剂表现出良好的甲苯转化率和二甲苯对位选择性。采用程序升温氧化法、固体紫外-可见吸收光谱、核磁共振法和气相色谱串联质谱法等研究催化剂的积炭行为。结果表明,反应介质甲醇中的氧未参与积炭形成,积炭成分较为单一,均由碳氢两种元素组成。积炭分为可溶的芳烃和稠环芳烃及其衍生物以及不可溶稠环芳烃、石墨前驱体、石墨等中的一种或几种混合物。甲苯与甲醇作为反应底物同时存在也决定了可溶性成分中单甲基或多甲基取代芳烃占大多数。早期积炭主要分布于分子筛孔道,积炭组成和分布由分子筛孔道结构和外表面酸性、反应物性质与反应条件决定。     

聚苯基甲基硅氧烷改性ZSM-5分子筛上的甲苯择形歧化反应

以聚苯基甲基硅氧烷为改性剂,采用化学液相沉积法对ZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行改性修饰,考察改性催化剂的甲苯择形歧化反应性能。采用XRD、BET、NH 3-TPD表征改性催化剂的孔结构和酸性质。结果表明,聚苯基甲基硅氧烷作为改性剂可以增加催化剂的弱酸中心和中强酸中心酸量,同时缩小催化剂的平均孔径,改性程度与改性次数有关。改性催化剂用于甲苯歧化反应可以增加对二甲苯的选择性,对二甲苯选择性的增加程度与改性次数有关,改性次数增多,对二甲苯选择性增加越显著,同时甲苯转化率越低,副反应越多。     

甲苯甲醇烷基化反应催化剂改性HZSM-5分子筛的研究进展

甲苯甲醇烷基化具有甲苯利用率高,产物选择性高等特点,是一条很有应用前景的合成路线。综述了改性后的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂用于甲苯甲醇烷基化反应的研究进展,通过负载元素改性或是在HZSM-5分子筛上生长Sillicalite-1层的改性方法,减小孔径或缩小孔口,屏蔽ZSM-5分子筛外表面的酸性位,可提高产物对二甲苯的选择性。     

脱水处理对HZSM-5分子筛甲苯择形歧化性能的影响

通过²⁷Al MAS NMR、NH₃-TPD和FT-IR等表征手段研究了脱水处理对HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的结构和催化性能的影响。HZSM-5分子筛经过371 ℃水蒸汽处理后,分子筛的部分骨架铝脱出,形成非骨架铝物种,该非骨架铝物种对甲苯择形歧化反应具有较大影响。HZSM-5分子筛的酸性变化主要是由于非骨架铝物种SiAl（OH）的变化而引起,随着脱水温度的升高,HZSM-5分子筛酸中心的强度下降,但酸中心数量增加,当脱水温度为400 ℃时,HZSM-5分子筛的酸中心强度和数量达到最佳,甲苯转化率为28.2%。脱水过程中,甲苯的引入可以阻止HZSM-5分子筛催化剂进一步脱水,起到稳定催化剂活性中心的作用,使催化剂的性能较为稳定。     

等离子体增强化学气相沉积法制备氢化硅膜的自晶化倾向性

为了探寻生长过程中硅膜的自晶化沉积,采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法沉积了氢化硅薄膜,系统研究了不同沉积阶段所得硅膜微观结构的迁变规律。结果表明,硅膜的显微结构依赖于沉积时间,当沉积时间仅为30min时,所得硅膜的结构为非晶;而当沉积时间延至60min时,硅膜形成微晶颗粒;此后随着沉积时间的增加,晶化程度提高,且非晶区域面积相应减小。另外,硅膜的沉积速率也随沉积时间的增加而增加。在硅膜沉积过程中,随时间不断变化的界面状态可能为其自晶化的主要原因。     

不同晶粒形貌ZSM-5分子筛的表征及催化甲苯歧化反应

制备不同晶粒形貌的ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、SEM和NH_3-TPD对合成的分子筛催化剂进行表征,并用于甲苯歧化反应考察其催化性能。结果表明,制备的ZSM-5分子筛具有六角板状、棒状和球状3种晶粒形貌,棒状分子筛暴露较多的(101)晶面,六角板状分子筛暴露较多的(020)晶面,棒状分子筛具有较高的强酸量。在甲苯歧化反应中,ZSM-5分子筛催化剂暴露(101)晶面越多,产物扩散可能性越大,导致甲苯转化率提高,强酸量增加使副反应发生可能性增大,降低二甲苯选择性。     

Removal of Thiophene from Coke-Chemical Benzene by Liquid Adsorption on Modified ZSM-5 Synthetic Zeolite

1 INTRODUCTIONIt is of great importance to remove thiophene to obtain a highly-purified benzene product.Anumber of methods practiced in industry involve the catalytic sulfuric acid desulfurization and/orcatalytic hydrodesulfurization.With catalytic sulfuric acid desulfurization,large quantities of ef-fluent which contaminate to the environment are being discharged in addition to acid corrosionon process equipment.Whereas,high capital investment and more stringent operating condi-     

Removal of Thiophene from Coke-Chemical Benzene by Liquid Adsorption on Modified ZSM-5 Synthetic Zeolite

1 INTRODUCTION It is of great importance to remove thiophene to obtain a highly-purified benzene product. A number of methods practiced in industry involve the catalytic sulfuric acid desulfurization and/or catalytic hydrodesulfurization. With catalytic sulfuric acid desulfurization, large quantities of effluent which contaminate to the environment are being discharged in addition to acid corrosion on process equipment. Whereas, high capital investment and more stringent operating conditions appear to be the major drawbacks of the catalytic hydrodesulfurization.     

N-烷基-N-甲基咪唑系列离子液体中ZSM-5分子筛催化环已烷氧化反应

Heterogeneous oxidation of cyclohexane by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was carried out over ZSM-5 catalysts with different Si/Al ratios in ionic liquids and organic molecular solvents. Higher yield and selectivity of the desired products were found in ionic liquids than in molecular solvents. The conversion of cyclohexane exhibits a decrease from 15.8% to 10.8% with the increase of Si/Al ratio of the HZSM-5 catalyst, and all the catalysts exhibit good selectivity of monofunctional oxidation products at around 97%. The activity of catalyst is found strongly de-pendent on the alkyl chain length of ionic liquid.