Micro-mobility mechanism for smooth handoffs in an integrated ad-hoc and cellular IPv6 network under high-speed movement

The success of the Internet has attracted more people to take part in network navigation. Numerous wireless-communication devices have rapidly evolved in the past decade. The demand for mobile communications is increasing and packet data services through Internet protocol (IP) networks have become a trend. To supply more IP addresses to network devices and improve network performance, a new IP version 6 (IPv6) was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in 1994. IPv6 supports certain features that make mobility management more efficient in mobile IP. A cellular architecture is needed to improve the communications quality and to reduce power consumption, both at the base and mobile stations. In a cellular environment, handoffs occur frequently. Reducing the defects caused by handoffs is extremely important in the mobile network environment. This is especially important for high-speed moving devices. In this paper, a handoff strategy called neighbor-assisted agent architecture, which takes advantage of the ad-hoc network to improve handoff performance, is proposed. Timing analytical and simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can provide a better solution than mobile IP for handoff breaks during high-speed movement.     

IPv6网络体系结构与网络改造分析

IPv6与IPv4相比,在地址资源获得方面有了一定补充,在应用IPv6网络体系结构后,既能够有效增加网络地址数量,也有利于各种设备顺利连接互联网。对IPv6进行概述,提出了IPv6网络体系结构与网络改造方案。     

A conflict-insensitive NATed roaming framework using NAToD for proxy mobile IPv4 in WLANs

Providing efficient mobility management in the current Internet is increasingly important due to the quick growth of wireless mobile users. The emerging Proxy Mobile IPv4 (PMIPv4) technique brings a possible solution for that purpose. Since NAT function is widely adopted in IPv4 environment nowadays because of lacking IPv4 addresses, the PMIPv4 interoperating with NAT must be considered. Unfortunately, owing to the possible conflict of private IP address, we encounter a problem in broadcasted point-to-multipoint wireless networks such as IEEE 802.11 networks. To address this issue, we proposed a novel Network Address Translation on Demand (NAToD) scheme, which can well interoperate with the PMIPv4 solution. With our scheme, single public IPv4 addresses can be shared by multiple mobile nodes in both home and foreign networks, low-latency handoff can be achieved, deployment cost can be reduced, and software upgrade can be avoided for mobile nodes in wireless LANs. Our work allows mobile users in WLAN to access Internet based on the advantages of both PMIPv4 and NAT.     

Designing the mobile IPv6 security protocol

Mobile IPv6 is a network-layer mobility protocol for the IPv6 Internet. The protocol includes several security mechanisms, such as the return-routability tests for the mobile’s home address and care-of addresses. This paper explains the threat model and design principles that motivated the Mobile IPv6 security features. While many of the ideas have become parts of the standard toolkit for designing Internet mobility protocols, some details of the reasoning have not been previously documented.     

未来移动通信的核心技术——IPv6

随着Internet数据业务和移动通信技术的迅速发展,基于Ipv4的Internet已不适应当前应用需求。Ipv6作为一种新型的Internet协议,克服了现有标准Ipv4在地址匮乏、路由表过于庞大和服务安全等方面的不足,Ipv6即将取代Ipv4成为下一代互联网的标准并且为未来移动通信提供重要支持。文中概括介绍了IPv6技术的特点和优势,如何实现IPv4到IPv6的过渡,并且讨论了IPv6对下一代移动通信的影响。     

AAA architecture for mobile IPv6 based on WLAN

Mobility support for Internet devices is quite important for consumer electronics. The number of the hand‐held devices is growing quickly. However, there are not enough IP addresses for the number of the rapidly growing devices in the All‐IP generation. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) was therefore adopted to solve these problems. Our purposed structure is based on IEEE 802.11. However, IEEE 802.11 has a serious security drawback. Further, from the Internet Service Providers' point of view, accounting is a potential problem. A mechanism combining Mobile IPv6 and AAA based on IEEE 802.11 to overcome these problems is essential. Both Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and IPv6 support IP security (IPsec) when data packets are exchanged across the IP network. IPsec operates at the IP layer. It can support system authentication and authorization, However, it lacks a system accounting function. Therefore ISPs cannot establish correct billing for their services. This is the reason why we chose to combine the wireless network and AAA functions. In this paper, the AAA mechanism is used to protect security, with the architecture having authentication, authorization, and accounting functions. We will discuss the benefits of AAA and state the reason why we choose to combine AAA with the mobility architecture. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fast Duplicate Address Detection for Seamless Inter-Domain Handoff in All-IPv6 Mobile Networks

In All-IP networks, each computer or communication equipment needs an IP address. To supply enough IP addresses, the new Internet protocol IPv6 will be used in next generation mobile communication. Although IPv6 improves the existing Internet protocol (IPv4), Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) mechanism may consume resources and suffer from long delay. DAD is used to make sure whether the IP address is unique or not. When a mobile node performs an inter-domain handoff, it will first generate a new IP and perform a DAD procedure. The DAD procedure not only wastes time but also increases the signaling load on Internet. In this paper, we propose a new DAD mechanism to speed up the DAD procedure. We create a DAD table in access or mobility routers in All-IP networks and record all IP addresses of the area. When a new IP address needs to perform DAD, it can just search in the DAD table to confirm the uniqueness of the address. Furthermore, we propose a new method, Fast Duplicate Address Detection (Fast DAD), to reduce data search time. Simulation results show that our method outperforms the existing DAD methods.     

Mobile IPv6-based ad hoc networks: its development and application

The Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)-enabled network architecture has recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we address the issue of connecting mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) to global IPv6 networks, while supporting IPv6 mobility. Specifically, we propose a self-organizing, self-addressing, self-routing IPv6-enabled MANET infrastructure, referred to as IPv6-based MANET. The proposed self-organization addressing protocol automatically organizes nodes into tree architecture and configures their global IPv6 addresses. Novel unicast and multicast routing protocols, based on longest prefix matching and soft state routing cache, are specially designed for the IPv6-based MANET. Mobile IPv6 is also supported such that a mobile node can move from one MANET to another. Moreover, a peer-to-peer (P2P) information sharing system is also designed over the proposed IPv6-based MANET. We have implemented a prototyping system to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the IPv6-based MANET and the P2P information sharing system. Simulations are also conducted to show the efficiency of the proposed routing protocols.     

基于IPv6的移动终端的通信

分析讨论了基于IPv6协议的移动终端的通信.目前由于IPv4地址空间的短缺,基于IPv4的移动终端的通信效率受到了影响,限制了新业务的开展.使对基于IPv6的移动终端间的通信的研究显得更为重要.首先分析了IPv6对移动终端的支持和实现机制,然后研究了移动终端在IPv6环境下的通信实现,最后讨论了移动IPv6越区切换技术和安全性问题.     

加快以IPv6为基础的下一代互联网发展迫在眉睫

随着IPv4地址的耗尽和IP地址需求的持续增加,以IPv6为核心的下一代互联网发展成为通信业界最关心、最直接、最迫切的问题之一。而3G移动互联网和物联网等新兴产业的发展使得向IPv6过渡变得更为紧迫。本文对国内外IPv4和IPv6发展现状进行梳理,分析IPv6过渡的关键技术和产业链,并从中国联通的实际出发,对如何加快我国发展IPv6提出若干建议。     

IPv6 Wi-Fi环境下终端行为测试研究

各运营商因缺乏必要数据,无法预估升级移动网络到IPv6后对用户体验造成的影响,因此未敢轻易推进。测试了当前各主流移动终端在IPv6 Wi-Fi网络环境下的行为特性,汇总数据后分析了影响用户体验的关键点,研究了移动互联网IPv6大规模推广的可行性。同时亦说明了整个平台的搭建步骤要点。测试研究结果表明,推广移动互联网IPv6的主要障碍是高占比操作系统和浏览器对IPv6支持不完善,影响网络互通导致用户体验下降。     

Wireless Sensor Networks in IPv4/IPv6 Transition Scenarios

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) concept was appeared in the middle of 90s and have been a subject under intensive research in the past few years. Several factors have contributed to this, but the potential for application of WSNs in almost every aspect of day-to-day life is the predominant one. This type of networks has been developed using proprietary solutions instead of standard solutions. More recently, the importance of standards motivated the use of IETF standards in WSNs, making the Internet integration easier. However, more efforts are necessary in order to provide a full integration. The WSNs use mainly IPv6 protocol, but the IPv4 is the predominant one in the Internet. As a consequence, IPv4 to IPv6 transition mechanisms must be provided to allow the interaction between all Internet connected devices independently of the supported IP version. It is also critical to provide a standard application interface to make easier the application development and independently of the hardware platform used. The RESTfull Web services can provide this standard interface. So, combine RESTfull Web services with IPv4 to IPv6 transition mechanisms can increase the WSN services dissemination. The transition mechanisms and the REST Web services are supported in the gateway in order to save the wireless sensor device resources’. The smartphone with Internet connectivity can also be the drive to the WSNs growth, because user-friendly applications can be used to retrieve and collect sensed data. This paper proposes a solution based on REST web services to permit the interaction between a mobile application and the IPv6 compliant WSN.     

IPv4/IPv6过渡的安全评估

近年来,由于Internet技术的迅猛发展,使得现在广泛使用的32位IP地址面临被用完的威胁,为此IETF 提出了下一代因特网协议(IPng)即IPv6,用来取代IPv4。本文介绍了IPv4/IPv6过渡技术的机制及过程,对各种IPV4/IPV6过渡技术的安全问题进行讨论,探讨了这些过渡机制安全方面的优劣、使用中的限制、应用方式及效果。     

A novel IPv6 traceback architecture using COPS protocol

In any Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, invaders may use incorrect or spoofed Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in the attacking packets and thus disguise the actual origin of the attacks. This is primarily due to the stateless nature of the Internet. IP traceback algorithms provide mechanisms for identifying the true source of an IP datagram on the Internet ensuring at least the accountability of cyber attacks. While many IP traceback techniques have been proposed, most of the previous studies focus and offer solutions for DDoS attacks done on Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) environment. IPv4 and IPv6 networks differ greatly from each other, which urge the need of traceback techniques specifically tailored for IPv6 networks. In this paper, we propose a novel traceback architecture for IPv6 networks using Common Open-Policy Service and a novel packet-marking scheme. We also provide complete underlying protocol details required for traceback support in IPv6 networks. The proposed architecture is on demand and only single packet is required to traceback the attack.     

IPv6技术及其在移动互联网中的应用

本文介绍了IPv6技术的特点,结合移动互联网的实际情况对IPv6技术在移动互联网中的应用进行了探讨,最后提出了移动互联网向IPv6演进的目标结构,以及各演进阶段引入IPv6的策略.     

城域网IPv4到IPv6过渡方案的分析研究

全球IPv4地址已经耗尽,IPv6的需求不断扩大,但是IPv4到IPv6过渡是一个逐步演进的过程,如何使用各种过渡技术在现有IPv4网络设备资源下进行IPv4网络到IPv6网络的平滑过渡已成为当代互联网发展的方向。因此提出了城域网宽带拨号用户IPv4到IPv6过渡方案,即以双协议栈为基础技术,同时采用6to4/ISATAP Tunnel。并且在此环境下运行WWW、FTP、Http、DNS等网络应用平台。     

Transition to IPv6 in GPRS and WCDMA mobile networks

The limited size and structure of the Internet address space of IPv4 has caused difficulties in coping with the explosive increase in the number of Internet users. IPv6 is a feasible solution for the problems identified with IPv4. Efficient interworking between IPv4 and IPv6 is very important, because IPv4 networks and services will exist for quite a long time. The transition period will be lengthy, and network/terminal equipment supporting both IP versions will be needed during the transition period. Thus, IPv4 to IPv6 transition issues need special care and attention. The three main transition methods are dual IPv4/IPv6 stacks in network elements/terminals, tunneling, and translators in the network. Three transition phases from IPv4 to IPv6 can be identified. These phases are described. Different transition scenarios from the 2G/3G mobile network point of view are also analyzed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn, and some recommendations on the use of transition methods are given     

The next generation of the Internet: aspects of the Internetprotocol version 6

This article presents an overview of several key improvements offered by the Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) over current Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4). The topics covered include IPv6 addressing and routing concepts, changes to the minimum IPv6 packet size, flows, and traffic classes, the neighbor discovery and node auto-configuration mechanisms, and an overview of mobile IPv6 and the network security architecture. Transition mechanisms, such as dual stacks and the 6bone, are also discussed. The 6bone is a virtual network that is used to help test and facilitate the development of IPv6. Key concepts associated with the 6bone, such as setup requirements, IPv6 DNS support, and tunnel mechanics, are also presented     

IPv6特色应用分析

虽然IPv6较IPv4有诸多优势．但是如果IPv6支持的应用仅仅是IPv4网络上的那些应用．那么向IPv6过渡的动力将会很小。实际上．除了支持IPv4上的应用之外．IPv6非常适合于拥有巨大数量各种细小设备的网络而不是由价格昂贵的计算机组成的网络，这些简单设备不仅仅是手机和呼机．还可以是RFID、家庭网络、网络视频监控，等等。探讨了目前可以预见的IPv6特色应用，如IPv6与RFID，IPv6与家庭网络、IPv6与三重服务、IPv6与移动、IPv6与VoIP、IPv6与WiFi和WiMax、IPv6与信息家电、IPv6与P2P游戏等。     

Performance Evaluation of IPv4/IPv6 Networks for Ubiquitous Home-Care Service

Because of rapid development in network technology, Internet usage has become widespread. It allows users with sensing devices to obtain medical data for healthcare, such as physiological signals, voice, and video streams from telemedicine systems, and to send the healthcare data to back-end database systems, creating a ubiquitous healthcare environment. However, this environment requires a widespread and suitable network. IPv6 (Internet protocol version 6) is the next-generation Internet protocol that will be the protocol of future networks; it improves many shortcomings of IPv4. In this paper, we propose an IPv6/IPv4 U-home-care test system and analyze the network's parameters though a series of tests by adjusting network parameters to find the optimal design for applications in the IPv6/IPv4 U-home-care service so as to assure good performance and high quality.