基于蛋白质修饰的纳米金探针的石英晶体微天平分析

用蛋白质修饰的金纳米颗粒作为探针,采用树枝状放大途径,结合石英晶体微天平(QCM)技术对人免疫球蛋白G(IgG)进行检测.通过在QCM的金电极表面组装一层蛋白A将羊抗人IgG抗体固定于传感界面用以捕获分析物IgG.利用纳米金标记的抗体和由金标抗体及金标蛋白A构成的免疫复合物分别作为一级放大标记物和二级放大标记物,可以显著放大抗原-抗体的识别信号.用QCM对金标抗体和胶体金免疫复合物的放大过程进行了连续监测.对金标抗体的稀释倍数和复合物的组成进行了优化.一级放大和二级放大的频率信号与人IgG浓度在10.9μg/L～10.9 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,经过二级放大后,用QCM可检测低至3.5 μg/L的IgG.     

纳米TiO2修饰石英晶体微天平测定水样中痕量Pb(Ⅱ)

采用石英晶体微天平技术研究了纳米TiO2涂层对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附行为,探讨了溶液pH值、TiO2涂层厚度、Pb(Ⅱ)浓度等对吸附过程的影响,在2.04×10-6～5.20×10-8mol/L浓度范围内,石英晶体微天平的频率变化值与Pb(Ⅱ)的浓度呈很好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9986,检测限为6.85×10-8mol/L.该方法与传统的Pb(Ⅱ)检测方法相比较操作简便、灵敏度高、所需仪器设备简单.用于实际水样测定,结果令人满意.     

基于金纳米颗粒免疫凝集的压电传感技术快速检测人血清免疫球蛋白IgG

发展了一种利用金纳米颗粒免疫凝集的压电传感技术用于人血清免疫球蛋白IgG的简单、快速、高灵敏检测.以金纳米颗粒替代传统胶乳标记羊抗人IgG诊断血清(抗IgG),利用石英晶体微天平(QCM)直接灵敏响虚因金纳米颗粒免疫凝集而引起溶液的非质量参数(密度、粘度等)的变化.考察了pH值、离子强度和抗IgG-金纳米颗粒浓度对免疫凝集反应的影响,并进行了质控实验.结果表明,该传感技术毋需固定活性组分,可快速榆测浓度下限0.38μg/mL的免疫球蛋白IgC.定量能力与经典ELISA法相接近,可基本满足临床疾病诊断的生化检测要求.     

质量放大石英晶体微天平传感器用于人血清中IgM的测定

本文报道了一种质量放大石英晶体微天平免疫分析。抗体包被的石英晶振在待测怕溶液中孵育时,加入相应的抗体,待测抗原与抗体以复合物的形式结合到晶振上。这种抗原抗体多分子层与通常抗原单仓层结合相比克服好单分子层结合的抗原分子数较少的限制。应用该方法测定了人血清中的免疫球蛋白,在１０．２￣１６１．０μｇ／ｍｌ范围,响应频率与浓度有较好的线性关系,比较常规的石英晶体微天平免疫传感器方法,灵敏度提高了约３倍。     

赤芍801对白细胞介素-6与其受体相互作用影响的研究

白细胞介素-6的可溶性受体(sIL-6R)在石英晶体微天平基片表面固定的量为297.08ng·cm-2.白细胞介素-6(IL-6)可以特异性结合sIL-6R,结合的量为33.70 ng·cm-2.IL-6的响应具有计量依赖性.根据上述分析,得到kass值为1.27×104(mol/L)-1s-1,kdiss值为1.94...     

适体和蛋白质解离常数检测方法比较分析

对基于石英晶体微天平（QCM）生物传感器的两种检测核酸适体与蛋白质解离常数方法进行了比较,提出来一种更加精确合理的检测流程。以凝血酶和凝血酶适体 TBA15为模型,耗散型石英晶体微天平（QCM-D）为传感器,实时检测末端修饰巯基适体的固定、表面封闭剂对非特异性结合位点封闭以及两种不同的蛋白进样方式引起的频率响应,实验数据拟合得到解离常数。不同蛋白的进样方式得到的解离常数不同,非特异性位点的封闭也同样影响解离常数的检测。从低浓度到高浓度依次通入固定体积蛋白的进样方式,实验重复性高且消耗样品量小于1μg,是较为理想的检测方式。     

碳纳米管组装电化学免疫传感器测定IgG抗体的研究

应用吸附法将IgG抗原固定于多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极表面,制备用于IgG抗体检测的电化学免疫传感器。以辣根过氧化物酶为标记物,对苯二酚为底物,利用辣根过氧化物酶标记IgG抗体与待测IgG抗体竞争电极表面固定的IgG抗原,建立了免疫竞争法检测IgG抗体的高灵敏度电化学分析方法。碳纳米管的大比表面积和电化学催化作用,提高了分子识别物质的固定量和电化学检测的灵敏度。工作电位为 0.030 V(vs.SCE)时,响应电流与IgG抗体浓度在0.30~10μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.11μg/mL。     

基于纳米二氧化钛为载体的新型荧光免疫流动体系测定补体3

研制了一种新的可更新荧光免疫流动体系用于补体3(C3)的测定.用纳米TiO2颗粒为固定抗体的载体,辣根过氧化物酶标记C3(HRP-C3),以HRP-C3与待测C3发生竞争免疫反应.辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化荧光底物3,3'5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)转化为无荧光物质,待测C3的浓度可由底物溶液的荧光降低值间接测定.通过简单的处理后,固定抗体的载体表面可以得到有效的再生.荧光响应与C3补体在6.5μg/L到75μg/L之间呈准线性关系.该方法检测限较低,重复性好,可满足临床检测的要求.     

基于胱胺自组装膜和SiO2纳米颗粒增强效应的日本血吸虫压电免疫传感器的研究

提出了一种基于胱胺自组装膜和SiO2纳米颗粒增强效应的生物分子固定法,并将之用于日本血吸虫压电免疫传感器的研究.所制备的SiO2纳米颗粒具有生物亲和性高和比表面积大等优良理化性能,经表面功能化后可高效键合日本血吸虫抗原(SjAg)分子,制得敏化的SjAg@SiO2颗粒.将SjAg@SiO2固定于修饰了胱胺自组装膜的石英晶体表面,发展了一种新型压电免疫传感器,用于日本血吸虫抗体(SjAb)的检测.实验结果表明,SiO2颗粒的纳米三维(3D)空间结构有利于所固定的抗原对抗体的识别,进而获得了对目标物SjAb的高灵敏检测.所研制的传感器检测感染兔血清样中SjAb浓度的线性范围为0.6～22.7 μg/mL,检测下限为0.4 μg/mL(S/N=3).此外,临床实际样品的分析结果表明,该免疫传感技术的分析检测能力与经典酶联免疫法(ELISA)相接近,可望用于血吸虫病临床生化诊断、现场筛查和疫情监控等.     

QCM振荡频率检测平台的建立及其稳定性探讨

压电石英晶体振荡器谐振频率的稳定性是构建晶体微天平检测平台的前提,环境温度是导致稳定的石英晶体振荡器的频率漂移的主要因素。本文通过理论分析,选用合适晶片、采用差频技术构建特殊的振荡电路,消除了检验检测平台由于环境温度引起的频率漂移,从而提高了微天平的稳定性,使传感器的性能得到明显提高。     

石英晶体微天平监测混合表面活性剂的吸附过程

利用液隔电极式石英晶体微天平实时监测了阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂及其混合物在石英表面吸附过程中的质量变化,结果表明:混合表面活性剂体系的吸附平衡常数和吸附量较纯组分有明显的增加,但吸附速率有所下降。混合表面活性剂之间存在协调吸附机理,在低浓度区间尤为显著。     

Chemical sensor based on quartz microresonators

A novel chemical sensor is proposed that consists of an array of quartz microresonators. It is shown that a microresonator can act as a quartz crystal microbalance and as a calorimeter, simultaneously, because quartz resonators can be highly sensitive to both mass and temperature changes. By applying a variety of thin-film adsorbers to the different resonators in an array and observing the pattern of frequency changes due to an unknown that is admitted into the resonator array enclosure, one can detect and identify chemical and biological agents. The total frequency change of an individual resonator will be the sum of the frequency change due to mass loading and the frequency change due to the change in temperature resulting from the heats of adsorptions or reactions. It is shown that the proposed sensor is capable of detecting on the order of 10^-6 monolayer of a material deposited onto the resonators' surfaces     

Micromachined Acoustic Resonant Mass Sensor

This paper describes a highly sensitive, film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) mass sensor (built on a micromachined silicon-nitride diaphragm with a piezoelectric thin film and Al electrodes) that can operate in vapor and liquid. The sensitivity of the device to mass change on its surface has been investigated by having various thicknesses of silicon-nitride support layer and also of Al layer. The sensor is measured to have a mass sensitivity of 726 cm$^2$/g, which is about 50 times that of a typical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). In vapor, the sensor (operating at around 1 GHz and having a relatively high quality (Q) factor of 200–300) shows a minimum detectable frequency shift of about 400 Hz, which corresponds to a mass change of$10^-9$g/cm$^2$on the sensor surface, comparable with that detectable by a QCM. In liquid, though the Q usually drops more than an order of magnitude, we obtain a Q of 40 at 2 GHz by using a second harmonic resonance of the resonator. And with the Q, a minimum 5 ppm resonant frequency shift can be detected, which corresponds to$10^- 8$g/cm$^2$change on the sensor surface.hfillhbox[1374]     

Out-of-plane vibrations of quartz resonators used in quartz crystal microbalance measurements in gas phase

The article reveals that shear-mode quartz crystal resonators, currently used in quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, exhibit an out-of-plane vibration without being in contact with a liquid. Laser assisted CVD was used to deposit carbon-nanoparticles on the surface of a quartz resonator. The in-plane, shear vibration of the quartz resonator, produces a mega-gravity acceleration which induces a sedimentation of the carbon-nanoparticles, while the out-of-plane vibration produces a mega-gravity acceleration, normal to the crystal surface, which induces an expelling of the deposited carbon-nanoparticles. The two opposite effects reveal a complex situation on the quartz resonator surface in QCM measurements.     

Interferometric porous silicon transducers using an enzymatically amplified optical signal

This paper describes a novel transducer principle converting biomolecular binding events into changes in porous silicon structural colour. An enzyme-catalysed reaction, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) mediated oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), induced an amplified optical detection signal on an antibody-functionalised porous silicon film, which manifested as significant changes in the Fabry–Pérot fringe pattern. Exposing porous silicon to non-oxidised TMB and oxidised TMB products and measuring the resulting effective optical thickness (EOT) changes of the porous silicon layer, an amplified signal from porous silicon was found, caused by an intermediate radical cation produced during the enzymatic-catalysed oxidation of TMB. Finally, it was shown that this system could be used to detect a human immunoglobulin (IgG) at 0.2 μg/ml. This work may lead to the development of new biosensors where porous silicon acts as the sensing matrix and transducer element.     

染料吸附法测定压电石英晶体表面积

利用液隔电极式压电传感器实时监测阳离子染料吖啶橙在石英表面吸附过程中的质量变化 ,求得吖啶橙在石英表面的吸附平衡常数、吸附速率常数、解吸速率常数分别为 :K =6 .5 9× 10 4mol-1.dm3 、ka =79.5mol-1.dm3 .s-1,kd=0 .0 0 12 2s-1(pH=8.5 )。吸附平衡常数随溶液 pH增加而增加 ,在 pH =8.5时达到最大值而后下降。参照溶液差减法所得吸附等温线 ,估算出压电石英晶体的实际表面积为其几何面积的 3.77倍。     

The quartz crystal microbalance: mass sensitivity, viscoelasticity and acoustic amplification

Quartz crystal resonators (QCR) respond to surface mass and material properties of a film coated on their surface. The acoustic load acting at the surface of the resonator is a more general parameter to describe this dependence. It can be represented by a mass factor and an acoustic factor. The quotient of resistance increase and frequency shift can be used for the determination of the acoustic factor, if the loss tangent of the coating is known. Viscoelastic properties of sensitive coatings can enhance the mass sensitivity of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. Acoustic factor and acoustic amplification effective during chemical sensing are not the same.

We further suggest a sensor concept, which is based on a bilayer arrangement. Acoustic amplification with a viscoelastic film and chemical sensitivity is separated. With a proper selection of materials, the first layer realizes acoustic amplification while the (chemical) sensitive layer acts as a pure mass detector. Major sensor design parameters are the shear modulus and the thickness of the first layer; major challenge is the preparation of a homogeneous and uniform first film.     

Utilizing a high fundamental frequency quartz crystal resonator as a biosensor in a digital microfluidic platform

We demonstrate the operation of a digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip system utilizing Electro Wetting on Dielectrics (EWOD) as the actuation principle and a High Fundamental Frequency (HFF; 50?MHz) quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator as a mass-sensitive sensor. In a first experiment we have tested the reversible formation of a phosphor-lipid monolayer of phospholipid vesicles out of an aqueous buffer suspension onto a bio-functionalized integrated QCM sensor. A binding of bio-molecules results in an altered mass load of the resonant sensor and a shift of the resonance frequency can be measured. In the second part of the experiment, the formation of a protein multilayer composed of the biomolecule streptavidin and biotinylated immunoglobulin G was monitored. Additionally, the macroscopic contact angle was optically measured in order to verify the bio-specific binding and to test the implications onto the balance of the surface tensions. Using these sample applications, we were able to demonstrate and to verify the feasibility of integrating a mass-sensitive QCM sensor into a digital microfluidic chip.     

基于纳米晶PZT／石英的压电生物质量传感器研究

制作了一种新型的基于纳米晶PZT／石英的压电生物质量传感器。采用了溶胶-凝胶法在石英晶体表面制备了纳米晶PZT薄膜,形成PZrr／石英结构的敏感单元。研究了纳米晶PZT在石英基体上的微观结构、表面形貌;探讨了纳米晶PZT／石英作为敏感单元在细胞检测中的作用。实验结果表明：PZT薄膜的晶粒大小为20-30nm,沿〈101）晶向择优生长,并且,薄膜表面平整,结构致密。纳米晶PZT／石英结构的敏感单元使生物细胞传感器的灵敏度得到了提高。