云计算环境下软硬件节能和负载均衡策略

针对云计算服务环境下软硬件节能和负载均衡优化问题,提出一种自适应的云计算环境下虚拟机(VM)动态迁移软节能策略。该策略采用常用的硬件能耗感知技术——动态电压频率调节(DVFS)来实现分段优化的系统部件静态节能,又通过VM在线迁移技术实现云平台的动态自适应软件节能。在CloudSim云仿真平台下对比实现DVFS静态节能和自适应负载均衡的软节能策略,经PlanetLab云平台监测数据验证,结果表明：软硬结合的自适应能耗感知策略能够高效节能96%; DVFS+MAD_MMT节能策略(采用平均绝对偏差算法判定主机是否超载,基于最短迁移时间(MMT)原则选择VM移出)     

Scheduling in distributed systems: A cloud computing perspective

Scheduling is essentially a decision-making process that enables resource sharing among a number of activities by determining their execution order on the set of available resources. The emergence of distributed systems brought new challenges on scheduling in computer systems, including clusters, grids, and more recently clouds. On the other hand, the plethora of research makes it hard for both newcomers researchers to understand the relationship among different scheduling problems and strategies proposed in the literature, which hampers the identification of new and relevant research avenues. In this paper we introduce a classification of the scheduling problem in distributed systems by presenting a taxonomy that incorporates recent developments, especially those in cloud computing. We review the scheduling literature to corroborate the taxonomy and analyze the interest in different branches of the proposed taxonomy. Finally, we identify relevant future directions in scheduling for distributed systems.     

Energy efficiency on location based applications in mobile cloud computing: a survey

The constrained battery power of mobile devices poses a serious impact on user experience. As an increasingly prevalent type of applications in mobile cloud environments, location-based applications (LBAs) present some inherent limitations concerning energy. For example, the Global Positioning System based positioning mechanism is well-known for its extremely power-hungry attribute. Due to the severity of the issue, considerable researches have focused on energy-efficient locating sensing mechanism in the last a few years. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of recent work on low-power design of LBAs. An overview of LBAs and different locating sensing technologies used today are introduced. Methods for energy saving with existing locating technologies are investigated. Reductions of location updating queries and simplifications of trajectory data are also mentioned. Moreover, we discuss cloud-based schemes in detail which try to develop new energy-efficient locating technologies by leveraging the cloud capabilities of storage, computation and sharing. Finally, we conclude the survey and discuss the future research directions.     

云中面向图像并行计算的数据分布策略

有效地减少云计算系统中对计算任务的处理响应时间,并使各计算机节点负载均衡,数据分布算法是相当重要的.提出了一种面向图像并行计算的适用于主从类型云计算系统结构的数据分布策略,设计节点性能函数来表示节点的处理能力,根据节点间的性能比率进行任务数据量的分布,结合链路带宽制定数据发送的顺序.模拟实验结果表明,该算法适用于云计算环境,能明显提高系统的数据处理效率.     

移动云计算中一种虚拟机迁移的预拷贝传输策略研究

针对移动云计算中虚拟机迁移过程的性能优化问题,提出了一种基于最优停止理论的预拷贝传输策略。该策略通过最优停止理论对寻找最优传输速率的最优停止模型求解,从而获得最优传输速率,由此来减少虚拟机迁移过程中的迁移数据总量和总时间。在仿真实验中,将所提出的传输策略与相关文献的传输策略进行对比,给出不同传输策略的性能结果分析。实验结果表明,所提出的策略具有较少的迁移数据总量和总时间,能有效地提高迁移过程的性能。     

云计算环境下的双通道数据动态加密策略

在移动端设备性能有限的情况下,针对数据传输效率与隐私保护之间的矛盾,提出基于贪心算法的双通道动态加密策略（TDES）对数据包进行选择性加密,旨在有限时间内最大化数据包隐私权重总和。首先,根据数据包的隐私权重将数据包大致分为两类;然后,针对不同类别数据包的隐私权重和加密时间分别计算权重排序表并降序排列,两类数据包对应两个传输通路,对隐私权重最大的数据包进行加密传输,直至传输时间结束;最后,检查通道内部剩余时间,调整部分数据包的传输通路,直至剩余时间不足以对任何数据包进行加密传输。在仿真数据包传输实验中,分别与D2ES和贪心算法进行比较,在相同时间限制下,所提策略的总隐私权重分别提高了9.5%和10.3%,运行时间分别降低了10.8%和8.5%。实验结果表明,TDES的计算时间更短,效率更高,能够很好地平衡数据安全和设备性能。     

基于可靠性的云工作流调度策略

经过对已有云工作流调度算法中可靠性问题进行分析研究,针对一些算法在任务调度过程中只考虑提高整个工作流的可靠性而牺牲了时间或增加花费的问题,结合云计算的特点,提出一种基于可靠性的工作流调度策略。该策略结合了工作流中任务的可靠性,充分考虑任务的优先顺序并结合复制的思想,在减少传输过程失败率的同时降低传输时间,使整个工作流在降低完成时间的同时,提高整体可靠性。通过实验和分析表明,通过该策略云工作流在不同任务数和通信运算比（CCR）的可靠性比异态最早结束时间算法（HEFT）算法及其改进算法--SHEFTEX都有所提升,完成时间比HEFT算法有所减少。     

大数据和云计算技术的应用策略

目前,大数据和云计算在各行业得到了广泛运用,提升了企业的经济效益和社会效益,也为人们的生活创造了便利条件。文章主要分析了大数据和云计算技术,并对其应用策略进行了探讨,以供相关人员参考。     

A method for trust management in cloud computing: Data coloring by cloud watermarking

With the development of Internet technology and human computing, the computing environment has changed dramatically over the last three decades. Cloud computing emerges as a paradigm of Internet computing in which dynamical, scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as services. With virtualization technology, cloud computing offers diverse services (such as virtual computing, virtual storage, virtual bandwidth, etc.) for the public by means of multi-tenancy mode. Although users are enjoying the capabilities of super-computing and mass storage supplied by cloud computing, cloud security still remains as a hot spot problem, which is in essence the trust management between data owners and storage service providers. In this paper, we propose a data coloring method based on cloud watermarking to recognize and ensure mutual reputations. The experimental results show that the robustness of reverse cloud generator can guarantee users embedded social reputation identifications. Hence, our work provides a reference solution to the critical problem of cloud security.     

An adaptive resource management scheme in cloud computing

There are various significant issues in resource allocation, such as maximum computing performance and green computing, which have attracted researchers’ attention recently. Therefore, how to accomplish tasks with the lowest cost has become an important issue, especially considering the rate at which the resources on the Earth are being used. The goal of this research is to design a sub-optimal resource allocation system in a cloud computing environment. A prediction mechanism is realized by using support vector regressions (SVRs) to estimate the number of resource utilization according to the SLA of each process, and the resources are redistributed based on the current status of all virtual machines installed in physical machines. Notably, a resource dispatch mechanism using genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed in this study to determine the reallocation of resources. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves an effective configuration via reaching an agreement between the utilization of resources within physical machines monitored by a physical machine monitor and service level agreements (SLA) between virtual machines operators and a cloud services provider. In addition, our proposed mechanism can fully utilize hardware resources and maintain desirable performance in the cloud environment.     

Predicting motivators of cloud computing adoption: A developing country perspective

Cloud computing is a recent and significant development in the domain of network applications with a new information technology perspective. This study attempts to develop a hybrid model to predict motivators influencing the adoption of cloud computing services by information technology (IT) professionals. The research proposes a new model by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with three external constructs namely computer self-efficacy, trust, and job opportunity. One of the main contributions of this research is the introduction of a new construct, Job Opportunity (JO), for the first time in a technology adoption study. Data were collected from 101 IT professional and analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) and neural network (NN) modeling. Based on the RMSE values from the results of these models NN models were found to outperform the MLR model. The results obtained from MLR showed that computer self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, trust, perceived ease of use, and job opportunity. However, the NN models result showed that the best predictor of cloud computing adoption are job opportunity, trust, perceived usefulness, self-efficacy, and perceived ease of use. The findings of this study confirm the need to extend the fundamental TAM when studying a recent technology like cloud computing. This study will provide insights to IT service providers, government agencies, academicians, researchers and IT professionals.     

Energy efficient utilization of resources in cloud computing systems

The energy consumption of under-utilized resources, particularly in a cloud environment, accounts for a substantial amount of the actual energy use. Inherently, a resource allocation strategy that takes into account resource utilization would lead to a better energy efficiency; this, in clouds, extends further with virtualization technologies in that tasks can be easily consolidated. Task consolidation is an effective method to increase resource utilization and in turn reduces energy consumption. Recent studies identified that server energy consumption scales linearly with (processor) resource utilization. This encouraging fact further highlights the significant contribution of task consolidation to the reduction in energy consumption. However, task consolidation can also lead to the freeing up of resources that can sit idling yet still drawing power. There have been some notable efforts to reduce idle power draw, typically by putting computer resources into some form of sleep/power-saving mode. In this paper, we present two energy-conscious task consolidation heuristics, which aim to maximize resource utilization and explicitly take into account both active and idle energy consumption. Our heuristics assign each task to the resource on which the energy consumption for executing the task is explicitly or implicitly minimized without the performance degradation of that task. Based on our experimental results, our heuristics demonstrate their promising energy-saving capability.     

云计算架构下的动态副本管理策略

为有效管理云计算环境中的数据副本,减少系统带宽消耗、最小化响应时间和平衡负载,提出了一种动态副本管理策略.通过建立文件可用性和副本数量间的关系模型来计算系统应维持的最小副本数量;基于数据被请求访问的次数和传输花费进行副本放置;数据被请求时结合节点间带宽和节点效用选择副本.实验结果表明了该策略的正确性有效性.     

云计算环境中高效可扩展的元数据管理方法

针对现有元数据管理方法存在可扩展性差或访问效率低的问题,提出一种高效可扩展的元数据管理方法.基于可扩展哈希方法实现元数据系统动态可扩展,使用并行定位方法实现元数据服务器高效定位,提出动态K叉树的元数据组织方法以提高元数据服务器扩展时选择迁移元数据的速度.实验结果表明,该方法具有近似线性扩展性能,其选择迁移元数据的时间几乎为零,有效解决了云计算环境中元数据管理系统的高效动态可扩展问题.     

高效能云计算虚拟机优化部署策略

针对云计算应用负载需求的动态变化特性,提出了一种自适应虚拟机优化部署策略。算法通过基于强局部加权回归的热点发现机制,可以根据负载所体现的资源占用历史信息动态决策主机的超载时机;通过迁移周期最优算法MPM和迁移量最少算法MNM进行超载主机的迁移虚拟机选择;提出基于功耗感知的PBFDH算法对迁移虚拟机再次优化部署。实验结果表明,算法不仅可以降低能耗,还可以降低SLA违例率。     

Adaptive data replication strategy in cloud computing for performance improvement

Cloud computing is becoming a very popular word in industry and is receiving a large amount of attention from the research community. Replica management is one of the most important issues in the cloud, which can offer fast data access time, high data availability and reliability. By keeping all replicas active, the replicas may enhance system task successful execution rate if the replicas and requests are reasonably distributed. However, appropriate replica placement in a large-scale, dynamically scalable and totally virtualized data centers is much more complicated. To provide cost-effective availability, minimize the response time of applications and make load balancing for cloud storage, a new replica placement is proposed. The replica placement is based on five important parameters: mean service time, failure probability, load variance, latency and storage usage. However, replication should be used wisely because the storage size of each site is limited. Thus, the site must keep only the important replicas.We also present a new replica replacement strategy based on the availability of the file, the last time the replica was requested, number of access, and size of replica. We evaluate our algorithm using the CloudSim simulator and find that it offers better performance in comparison with other algorithms in terms of mean response time, effective network usage, load balancing, replication frequency, and storage usage.     

云计算环境下基于模板的任务调度策略与算法

针对云计算任务调度,提出了一种基于模板的任务调度（Template-based Task Scheduling,TTS）策略。该策略充分考虑了通信开销,在对任务分配进行预处理的基础上实现任务调度,主要分为两步：针对一个任务集合,采用可分任务调度求解子任务大小的方法,求出各个处理机应该分担的任务量模板;根据求出的模板,采用合理的调度算法对任务进行调度,从而得到较优的调度结果。在TTS策略下,对传统贪心算法加以改进,最终提出基于模板的任务调度贪心算法（Template-based Task Scheduling Greedy Algorithm,TTSGdA）。与Min-min算法和遗传算法的对比实验结果表明,TTSGdA能够有效减少任务集合完成时间。     

Hierarchical data replication strategy to improve performance in cloud computing

Cloud computing environment is getting more interesting as a new trend of data management. Data replication has been widely applied to improve data access in distributed systems such as Grid and Cloud. However, due to the finite storage capacity of each site, copies that are useful for future jobs can be wastefully deleted and replaced with less valuable ones. Therefore, it is considerable to have appropriate replication strategy that can dynamically store the replicas while satisfying quality of service (QoS) requirements and storage capacity constraints. In this paper, we present a dynamic replication algorithm, named hierarchical data replication strategy (HDRS). HDRS consists of the replica creation that can adaptively increase replicas based on exponential growth or decay rate, the replica placement according to the access load and labeling technique, and finally the replica replacement based on the value of file in the future. We evaluate different dynamic data replication methods using CloudSim simulation. Experiments demonstrate that HDRS can reduce response time and bandwidth usage compared with other algorithms. It means that the HDRS can determine a popular file and replicates it to the best site. This method avoids useless replications and decreases access latency by balancing the load of sites.     

云环境下的基于属性和重加密的密钥管理

在云计算环境中如何安全地存储数据是云计算面临的挑战之一。加密是解决云计算中数据存储安全问题最主要的方法,而加密的一个保密性问题是密钥管理。提出了云环境下的基于属性和重加密的密钥管理方案。云服务提供商对不同用户进行重加密时,可以一次为一组用户重加密,从而减少了重加密的个数。数据拥有者可以对组用户生成和发送重加密密钥,而数据请求者可以使用属性集对应的一个密钥解密多个数据拥有者的数据,从而能减少两者的密钥发送量,降低密钥管理的难度,提高方案的效率。最后,对方案的安全性和性能进行了分析