自适应快速锁定全数字锁相环设计

针对传统数字锁相环锁相范围小、速度低、精度差等问题,提出了一种自适应快速锁定全数字锁相环(all digital phase-locked loop,ADPLL)。采用PI控制与自适应控制相结合的方法,根据输入相位误差及频率大小,自适应控制器自动改变PI参数,提高了锁相速度并保证了锁相精度;同时环路滤波器采用具有比例积分特性的数字环路滤波器,该环路滤波器易于进行线性描述,并可以保证整个锁相系统稳态静差小,有较小的输出抖动。对提出的锁相环进行理论分析,并采用Verilog HDL语言编写相关代码,采用QuartusⅡ和Modelsim软件进行联合仿真,仿真证明该数字锁相环锁相范围大、速度快、精度高。     

基于DSP Builder的带宽自适应全数字锁相环的设计与实现

提出一种设计全数字锁相环的新方法,采用基于PI控制算法的环路滤波器,在分析模拟锁相环系统的数学模型的基础上,建立了带宽自适应全数字锁相环的数学模型。使用DSP Builder在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建系统模型,并采用FPGA实现了硬件电路。软件仿真和硬件测试的结果证明了该设计的正确性和易实现性。该锁相环具有锁频速度快、频率跟踪范围宽的特点。同时,系统设计表明基于DSP Builder的设计方法可缩短设计周期,提高设计的灵活性。     

一种新型宽频域全数字锁相环的研究与设计

针对传统锁相环研究中电路结构复杂、鉴相精度不高、锁相范围窄等问题,提出一种新型全数字锁相环。与传统锁相环相比,鉴相模块中的时间数字转换电路能将鉴相误差转换为高精度数字信号,一种双边沿触发的数字环路滤波器取代了传统的数字环路滤波器的电路结构,采用可变模分频器来替换传统的固定模分频器。应用EDA技术完成了系统设计,并采用QuartusⅡ软件进行了系统仿真验证。仿真结果表明:该锁相环锁相范围约为800 Hz~1 MHz,系统锁定时间最快为10个左右输入信号周期,且具有锁相范围大、精度高、电路结构简单和易于集成等特点。     

5Gb/s 0.25μm CMOS限幅放大器

给出了一个90 0 MHz CMOS锁相环/频率综合器的设计,设计中采用了电流可变电荷泵及具有初始化电路的环路滤波器.电荷泵电流对温度与电源电压变化的影响不敏感,同时电流的大小可通过外部控制信号进行切换控制而改变.因此,锁相环的特性,诸如环路带宽等,也可通过电流的改变而改变.采用具有初始化电路的环路滤波器可提高锁相环的启动速度.另外采用了多模频率除法器以实现频率合成的功能.该电路采用0 .18μm、1.8V、1P6 M标准数字CMOS工艺实现.     

900MHz CMOS锁相环/频率综合器

给出了一个900MHz CMOS锁相环/频率综合器的设计,设计中采用了电流可变电荷泵及具有初始化电路的环路滤波器.电荷泵电流对温度与电源电压变化的影响不敏感,同时电流的大小可通过外部控制信号进行切换控制而改变.因此,锁相环的特性,诸如环路带宽等,也可通过电流的改变而改变.采用具有初始化电路的环路滤波器可提高锁相环的启动速度.另外采用了多模频率除法器以实现频率合成的功能.该电路采用0.18μm、1.8V、1P6M标准数字CMOS工艺实现.     

GNSS接收机锁相环最佳环路带宽的选取

锁相环环路带宽值的选取对于锁相环的跟踪误差性能有重要影响。基于全球卫星导航系统(GNSS）接收机中常用锁相环结构与数学模型,首先介绍了锁相环及其重要组成部分环路滤波器的结构和原理,然后分析了环路带宽的取值对锁相环两个最重要的误差源——环路热噪声误差和晶振阿伦偏差的影响,给出了低动态下使锁相环总的跟踪误差最小的最佳环路带宽的理论表达式。对基于由现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）芯片、温补晶振和模/数接口电路构建的实际硬件接收机平台进行了验证,结果表明：当根据最佳环路带宽的理论表达式取环路带宽值时,锁相环的跟踪误差最小。所推得的理论表达式不仅可以应用于GNSS接收机,也适用于一般的载波跟踪环设计。     

基于模糊逻辑控制的自适应锁相环设计

针对某型雷达在航天器频率的跟踪测量过程中,由于目标动态变化影响较大,存在跟踪稳定性较差、测量精度偏低的问题,提出了对雷达锁相跟踪环路采用模糊逻辑控制的自适应变带宽设计。该方法主要是通过引入模糊逻辑控制器,利用输入值适配控制规则,为每个控制规则确定其适配程度,并且采过加权计算合并规则的输出,控制环路滤波器的系数,从而自动调整环路带宽,达到增强雷达设备频率跟踪稳定性和提高测量精度的目的。仿真结果表明,模糊逻辑控制自适应变带宽锁相环跟踪目标的稳定性和测量精度都优于传统锁相环。     

基于PLL的有源环路滤波器的研究及性能分析

在锁相式频率合成器电路中,环路滤波器决定其电路的传输特性。当压控振荡器(VCO)的控制电压超出或非常接近电荷泵输出电压时,就需要用有源环路滤波器。文中采用ADIsim PLL V3.6软件,建立锁相环仿真模型,研究了不同阶数和拓扑结构的有源环路滤波器对锁相环(PLL)环路的影响,并对其锁相系统环路的锁定时间、频率误差、参考杂散以及相位噪声进行了详细的性能分析。对实际的工程应用提供了一定的参考价值。     

基于FPGA的高阶全数字锁相环的设计与实现

提出了一种实现高阶全数字锁相环的新方法。该锁相环以数字比例积分控制取代了传统的一些数字环路滤波控制方法，具有电路结构简单、摔制灵活、跟踪精度高、环路性能好和易于集成的特点。文中介绍了该高阶全数字锁相环的系统结构和工作原理，对其性能进行了理论分析和计算机仿真。应用EDA技术设计了该系统，并用FPGA实现了其硬件电路。仿真和硬件测试结果证实了该设计的正确性。     

二波段频率源设计

为了设计一个L波段频率源,使其能够稳定输出,采用锁相倍频电路实现高频信号输出,通过Q3236锁相环芯片实现。利用有源比例积分滤波器实现环路滤波器的设计,给出了滤波器参数计算方法。做了大量关于锁相环电路和环路滤波器电路的实验,反复调试得到电路稳定工作最佳状态。最后给出了样机的测试结果,该频率源具有体积小、低功耗、低相噪及频率稳定性好等优点。     

Short locking time and low jitter phase-locked loop based on slope charge pump control

A novel structure of a phase-locked loop(PLL) characterized by a short locking time and low jitter is presented,which is realized by generating a linear slope charge pump current dependent on monitoring the output of the phase frequency detector(PFD) to implement adaptive bandwidth control.This improved PLL is created by utilizing a fast start-up circuit and a slope current control on a conventional charge pump PLL.First,the fast start-up circuit is enabled to achieve fast pre-charging to the loop filter...     

一种基于电荷泵锁相环的时钟调节电路设计

设计了一种基于电荷泵锁相环(PLL)的独特时钟调节电路,可调节时钟频率和延时,可纠正时钟偏斜,能够输出不同相位(0°,90°,180°,270°)锁定且低抖动的各种频率信号,锁相环可外部动态配置。该电路可应用于FPGA系统集成电路的时钟发生源电路中,能够提供非常灵活的时钟调节功能。仿真结果表明,该电路满足设计需求。     

A fast-locking PLL with all-digital locked-aid circuit

In this article, a fast-locking phase-locked loop (PLL) with an all-digital locked-aid circuit is proposed and analysed. The proposed topology is based on two tuning loops: frequency and phase detections. A frequency detection loop is used to accelerate frequency locking time, and a phase detection loop is used to adjust fine phase errors between the reference and feedback clocks. The proposed PLL circuit is designed based on the 0.35?µm CMOS process with a 3.3?V supply voltage. Experimental results show that the locking time of the proposed PLL achieves a 87.5% reduction from that of a PLL without the locked-aid circuit.     

基于Multisim行扫描AFC锁相环电路仿真设计

锁相环电路具有良好的相位误差控制功能,可实现电路输入信号与输出信号频率之间的同步。基于设计一种行扫描锁相环电路,采用EDA仿真软件Multisim2001,利用Multisim强大的电路设计和仿真功能,完成对锁相环电路的设计。仿真结果表明,所设计电路实现了对相位的锁定功能,同时依托multisim灵活简便的仿真环境,还可通过改变元件参数,并结合观察各点波形的变化,而找到电路的最佳锁相范围数据,为PCB设计与制作节省了设计成本。     

Fully integrated standard cell digital PLL

A fully integrated digital phase-locked loop (PLL) used as a clock multiplying circuit is designed. The PLL is made from standard cells found in almost any commercial standard cell library and therefore portable between processes in netlist format. Using a 0.35 μm standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor CMOS process and a 3.0 V supply voltage, the PLL is designed for a locking range of 170 to 360 MHz and occupies an on-chip area of 0.06 mm²     

Frequency multiplier using pulse-width control loop

A frequency multiplier circuit based on a well-known pulse-width control loop is presented. The proposed circuit can be used to enhance the output frequency range of a phase-locked loop (PLL) by using multiple phases of the voltage-controlled oscillator. It can be used for enhancing the output frequency range of new as well as existing PLL designs with minimum impact on PLL loop dynamics. The circuit is generic in nature and can be used with any multi-phase oscillator type. The circuit is designed in 65 nm complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and has been simulated across process, voltage and temperature (PVT) corners with temperature variation from ?40°C to 125°C, analogue supply voltage variation from 1.62 V to 1.98 V, and digital supply voltage variation from 1.1 V to 1.3 V.     

A low-jitter 125-1250-MHz process-independent and ripple-poleless0.18-μm CMOS PLL based on a sample-reset loop filter

This paper describes a low-jitter phase-locked loop (PLL) implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. A sample-reset loop filter architecture is used that averages the oscillator proportional control current which provides the feedforward zero over an entire update period and hence leads to a ripple-free control signal. The ripple-free control current eliminates the need for an additional filtering pole, leading to a nearly 90° phase margin which minimizes input jitter peaking and transient locking overshoot. The PLL damping factor is made insensitive to process variations by making it dependent only upon a bandgap voltage and ratios of circuit elements. This ensures tracking between the natural frequency and the stabilizing zero. The PLL has a frequency range of 125-1250 MHz, frequency resolution better than 500 kHz, and rms jitter less than 0.9% of the oscillator period     

An adaptive PLL tuning system architecture combining high spectralpurity and fast settling time

An adaptive phase-locked loop (PLL) architecture for high-performance tuning systems is described. The architecture combines contradictory requirements posed by different performance aspects. Adaptation of loop parameters occurs continuously, without switching of loop filter components, and without interaction from outside of the tuning system. The relationship of performance aspects (settling time, phase noise, and spurious signals) to design variables (loop bandwidth, phase margin, and loop filter attenuation at the reference frequency) are presented, and the basic tradeoffs of the new concept are discussed. A circuit implementation of the adaptive PLL, optimized for use in a multiband (global) car-radio tuner IC, is described in detail. The realized tuning system achieved state-of-the-art settling time and spectral purity performance in its class (integer-N PLLs): a signal-to-noise ratio of 65 dB, a 100-kHz spurious reference breakthrough signal under -81 dBc, and a residual settling error of 3 kHz after 1 ms, for a 20-MHz frequency step. It simultaneously fulfills the speed requirements for inaudible frequency hopping and the heavy signal-to-noise ratio specification of 64 dB     

Fully integrated CMOS phase-locked loop with 15 to 240 MHz lockingrange and ±50 ps jitter

A fully integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) in a digital 0.5 μm CMOS technology is described. The PLL has a locking range of 15 to 240 MHz. The static phase error is less than 1100 ps with a peak-to-peak jitter of ±50 ps at a 100 MHz output frequency. The PLL has a resistorless architecture achieved by the implementation of feedforward current injection into the current controlled oscillator