基于NSCT和M-PCNN的人脸特征提取

为提高人脸识别对人脸姿态、位置、表情变化的鲁棒性,提出一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)与改进脉冲耦合神经网络(M-PCNN)的人脸特征提取方法。利用NSCT对输入图像进行多尺度分解和多方向稀疏分解,以捕获图像中的高维奇异信息,使用M-PCNN模型提取各子带的信息熵,将其作为人脸特征,利用支持向量机(SVM)实现分类与识别。仿真结果表明,该方法鲁棒性较强,在识别和分类中表现出较好的性能。     

基于非下采样contourlet梯度方向直方图的人脸识别

针对人脸识别系统准确度不高的问题,提出一种基于非下采样Contourlet梯度方向直方图(HNOG)的人脸识别算法。先对人脸图像进行非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT),并将变换后的各系数矩阵进行分块,再计算各分块的梯度方向直方图(HOG),将所有分块的直方图串接得到人脸图像HNOG特征,最后用多通道最近邻分类器进行分类。在YALE人脸库、ORL人脸库上和CAS-PEAL-R1人脸库上的实验结果表明,人脸的HNOG特征有很强的辨别能力,特征维数较小,且对光照、表情、姿态的变化具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于非下采样Contourlet梯度方向直方图的人脸识别

针对人脸识别系统准确度不高的问题,提出一种基于非下采样Contourlet梯度方向直方图(HNOG)的人脸识别算法。先对人脸图像进行非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT),并将变换后的各系数矩阵进行分块,再计算各分块的梯度方向直方图(HOG),将所有分块的直方图串接得到人脸图像HNOG特征,最后用多通道最近邻分类器进行分类。在YALE人脸库、ORL人脸库上和CAS-PEAL-R1人脸库上的实验结果表明,人脸的HNOG特征有很强的辨别能力,特征维数较小,且对光照、表情、姿态的变化具有较好的鲁棒性。     

非采样Contourlet变换与局部二值模式相结合的人脸识别

针对人脸识别中姿态、光照和表情变化带来的识别率有限的问题,提出了一种基于非采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)与局部二值模式（LBP）的人脸特征提取方法。首先对人脸图像进行非采样Contourlet变换,得到多尺度、多方向的子带系数矩阵,然后利用LBP算子从每个子带系数矩阵上抽取局部邻域关系,得到各子带的LBP特征图谱,最后将这些图谱分块统计并级联后作为人脸的识别特征。利用多通道最近邻分类器的分类结果表明,所提方法能有效提高识别率,所提取的特征对光照、表情和姿态等变化具有更好的鲁棒性。     

一种混合特征的人脸识别算法仿真研究

研究人脸识别优化问题,人脸图像受光照、人脸表情和位置变化等因素影响,由于图像具有复杂的多尺度特征,传统人脸识别算法只能提提取局部或全局特征,不能准确描述人脸图像,导致人脸识别率低。为了提高人脸识别率,提出一种小波分解和LBP算子相结合的人脸识别算法(WTLBP)。WTLBP首先利用小波变换对人脸图像进行分解,将人脸图像分解成大尺度和小尺度图像,然后采用LBP算子提取人脸图像的多尺度特征,最后采用概率统计法对人脸进行匹配识别。对ORL人脸库进行仿真,结果表明,WTLBP能够提取到人脸图像更加丰富的局部和全局信息,对光照、人脸表情和位置变化具有较高的鲁棒性,提高了人脸识别率。     

基于NMF和SVD相结合的Contourlet域鲁棒水印算法*

为了提高变换域数字水印技术的鲁棒性,提出了一种在Contourlet域将非负矩阵变换(NMF)与奇异值变换(SVD)相结合的鲁棒水印算法。宿主图像经过Contourlet变换后,对低频子带进行非负矩阵变换,然后对非负基向量组W进行奇异值分解,最后将经过Arnold置乱的水印图像嵌入到奇异值中。实验结果表明,该图像水印算法在获得良好视觉效果的同时,对于加噪声、滤波、剪切等图像攻击有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于Contourlet变换和NMF的掌纹识别算法

提出一种基于Contourlet变换和非负矩阵分解(NMF)的掌纹识别算法。通过对源图像Contourlet进行小波变换,将提取出的低频分量用NMF法提取特征值,用最近邻方法进行分类。实验结果表明,该算法较单纯的NMF和2DPCA等算法识别性能有较大提高,能较好地捕捉图像的边缘信息。     

基于小波变换和二维非负矩阵分解的人脸识别算法

结合二维离散小波变换(2DDWT)和二维非负矩阵分解(2DNMF)两者的优点,提出了一种新的人脸识别融合算法2DDWT+2DNMF。首先利用小波变换把人脸图像分解成四个子块频带区域,并对三个高频子块进行图像融合,然后对低频子块和融合图像进行二维非负矩阵分解以提取特征,进而对特征数据进行加权处理。ORL和YALE人脸数据库中的识别实验表明,与PCA、SVD、NMF以及2DDWT+NMF算法相比,新融合算法能有效缩短训练时间和提高识别率。     

基于Curvelet变换特征的人脸识别算法

针对小波变换无法准确表达二维奇异曲线的弱点,提出基于曲波(Curvelet)变换特征的人脸识别算法。Curvelet变换可以很好地去逼近奇异曲线,对于人脸图像能实现最优的稀疏表示。该算法采用基于Wrapping的离散Curvelet变换加权算法对训练集的人脸图像进行特征提取生成特征矩阵,再通过PCA方法降低维数后结合稀疏表示分类算法(SRC)进行人脸识别。通过在ORL、Yale和AR三个人脸数据库上的仿真实验以及和基于小波变换类识别算法、LDA算法和SRC算法等比较,实验结果表明该算法在人脸遮挡、姿态变换、表情变换和光照变换等干扰因素的作用下具有较高的人脸识别率和较好的鲁棒性。     

基于Radon变换的人脸识别

针对目前大部分的人脸识别算法不能同时克服光照、表情、遮挡等复杂条件干扰的问题,提出一种基于Radon变换的人脸识别算法。该算法首先采用一种光照归一化算法对人脸图像进行预处理,然后采用Radon变换提取人脸的不变特征,最后采用二维最近邻分类器进行人脸识别。通过在AR人脸库的人脸识别实验,说明了该算法对多种复杂条件下的人脸识别具有一定的鲁棒性和普适性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.