混沌二进制序列的伪随机性和复杂性分析

分析和讨论了由经典的Lorenz混沌系统和Chebyshev映射所生成的二进制序列的伪随机性和复杂性,采用T.Kohda混沌二进制量化算法,将混沌系统所产生的实数序列转换为相应的二进制序列;从统计检验、自相关性、频谱、Lempel-Ziv复杂度和近似熵等多方面对序列的伪随机性和复杂性进行定量分析。统计分析结果表明对由混沌系统所产生的有限二进制序列逼近Lempel-Ziv意义的随机序列,它具有较高的伪随机性、复杂性和非周期性,但是序列的伪随机性和复杂性并不随序列长度的增加而提高,在近似熵评价指标中呈显出降低的趋势。同时,作为伪随机源,Lorenz混沌系统略比Chebyshev映射好。     

超混沌伪随机序列生成器设计与性能分析

在分析了Folded towel映射系统动力学特性的基础上,采用位序列量化算法,设计了一种新型基于离散超混沌映射的伪随机序列生成器。该伪随机序列生成器能同时生成三种伪随机序列,且均通过了NIST SP800-22随机数检验标准测试,具有接近[δ]函数的自相关性和接近于0的互相关性,系统密钥空间大,初值敏感性和复杂度高等特点,适合应用于信息加密。     

连续混沌系统伪随机序列特性比较与分析

提出用k错近似熵作为测量序列稳定性的度量指标,并将这一新的测试和NIST制定的测试标准中的其它测试相组合,对常用的多种连续混沌系统产生的伪随机序列进行了密码学特性分析,其中包括:Chen's系统、三阶CNN、Lorenz系统.对不同混沌系统产生的混沌伪随机序列进行单比特频数测试、游程测试、离散傅立叶变换测试、近似熵测试、累计和测试以及序列稳定性测试,并对它们的伪随机特性进行了比较.实验结果表明,提出的指标能有效地鉴别不同序列之间的稳定性差异;Chen's系统在三种系统中具有最好的稳定性和伪随机特性.     

利用Lorenz混沌系统设计实现彩色图像加密算法

利用混沌系统敏感依赖于初始条件的特性,迭代Lorenz三维混沌系统生成的三组伪随机序列,设计算法加密真彩色图像的红绿蓝三个分量。采用多个衡量指标的测试结果表明,该算法具有较大的密钥空间,加密效果令人满意。     

基于混沌反控制的Tent映射伪随机序列发生器设计

应用混沌反控制思想有意识地去产生混沌,进而应用混沌系统的伪随机特性进行伪随机序列发生器设计。针对Tent映射在有限精度实现时产生伪随机序列所存在的周期过短问题,应用混沌反控制,对Tent映射加入控制输入,从而解决了输出伪随机序列周期过短的问题,并通过阈值的在线调节输出0-1伪随机序列。证明了受控Tent映射是Lyapunov指数意义下混沌的,分析了Tent映射混沌反控制所产生的伪随机序列的安全性和计算效率,理论分析和仿真结果都证明了这种设计伪随机序列发生器算法的合理性。     

混沌量化算法研究及测试分析

对在信息安全应用中的各种混沌伪随机序列的产生方法进行了研究,对各种典型的一维混沌量化算法的性能进行了随机性测试分析和比较.试验结果显示,被大量采用的二值量化算法以及多次粗粒化算法均存在一些安全缺陷,因此提出了若干改进混沌量化算法,为混沌在信息安全中的应用提供了指导.     

CH-DSSS系统伪随机序列的生成策略

为有效提高军用通信系统的抗干扰和反侦察性能,可采用跳码直扩及扩展的跳码/跳频通信方案,系统直扩伪随机序列随时间跳变,序列的线性复杂度与非线性复杂度性能是系统抗干扰和抗截获的重要保证;以Berlekamp-Massey迭代算法对序列进行线性复杂度分析,以生成算法对序列进行Lempel-Ziv非线性复杂度测试,结果表明GOLD序列线性复杂度低,在跳码系统中应用会存在抗相关干扰和抗截获方面的隐患,而DFS结构的混沌序列在随机特性尤其是线性复杂度与非线性复杂度方面的性能良好,因而在跳码直扩系统中具有重要的应用价值.     

基于FPGA和PSoC的混沌音频加解密系统

针对软件加解密易被攻击、硬件加解密开发难度大的问题,提出了一种基于FPGA和PSoC的混沌保密通信的硬件实现方案。该方案采用线性反馈移位寄存器(LFSR)产生混沌伪随机序列,利用PSoC完成模/数、数/模转换,并采用FPGA实现了混沌伪随机序列产生、同步控制及音频信号加解密等功能。介绍了混沌伪随机序列的产生方法和加解密原理,并给出了系统设计思想和实现方案。测试证明,该系统实现了混沌音频加解密功能,对混沌保密通信领域的应用开发具有一定的参考价值。     

基于感知器模型的混沌图像加密算法

提出了基于感知器模型的高维混沌加密系统,描述了高维的Lorenz混沌系统和神经网络中感知器模型,利用高维混沌映射生成的伪随机序列,动态的调整单层感知器中各个神经元的权重,从而实现了混沌图像将加密,并对算法进行数字仿真和安全性分析.理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法具有较高的安全性,对已有的攻击方法有较强的抵抗能力.     

基于混沌神经网络的伪随机序列性能分析

伪随机序列在保密通信、航空航天、测距、密码学、自动控制等领域具有重要作用。本文结合神经网络和混沌映射的特点，提出了一种基于混沌神经网络和混沌映射混沌伪随机序列的设计方法，该方法可以克服有限精度效应对混沌系统的影响。从而改善混沌序列特性，用理论与计算机仿真实验相结合的方法对混沌序列的随机性、平衡性、相关性和线性复杂度等特性进行了系统的分析。分析结果表明，基于混沌神经网络和混沌映射的混沌伪随机序列具有十分理想的随机特性和相关特性，为在低成本下得到比较实用的序列密码提供了一种新的思路。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.