分数阶导数系统响应功率谱密度的小波-Galerkin方法

利用小波的时间-频率联合分辨率,提出了一种在完全非平稳随机激励下,计算分数阶阻尼线性系统响应功率谱密度的方法。方法的思路在于选用广义谐和小波,并利用小波-Galerkin近似,将具有分数阶导数的运动微分方程转化为一组以响应小波变换为未知量的代数方程,解之并求得响应小波变换后,结合随机过程功率谱密度的小波变换表达得到激励与响应功率谱密度之间的关系。为此,在频域中推导了小波-Galerkin方法必需的小波整数阶与分数阶联系系数。数值算例表明:对具有不同分数阶导数的系统,所建议的方法具有较好的适用性。     

输电塔塔线体系风振响应分析

基于风洞试验得到的输电塔线性一阶广义荷载谱,推导了一般性的输电塔顺风向、横风向脉动风荷载功率谱公式。利用此功率谱,模拟了塔线体系顺风向、横风向脉动风荷载。对输电塔线体系及单塔的动力特性进行了分析,分析表明,在远低于单塔同阶振型的自振频率时,塔线体系中的输电塔平面外振型就会与导地线振动耦合。对单塔及输电塔-线体系进行非线性动力时程分析,得到了位移、加速度和内力等响应的时程,对比了有、无横风向脉动风荷载的风振响应,并分析了风振响应的功率谱。     

五自由度强非线性随机振动系统的首次穿越研究

利用基于广义谐和函数的随机平均法,建立了高斯白噪声激励下五自由度强非线性随机振动系统的Pon-tryagin方程及后向Kolmogorov方程。求解这两个高维偏微分方程,得到了系统的平均首次穿越时间、条件可靠性函数以及平均首次穿越时间的条件概率密度。用Monte Carlo数值模拟验证了理论方法的有效性。     

多自由度结构动力可靠度分析的小波方法

该文发展了基于小波分析的局部平稳法在多自由度结构动力可靠度中的应用。首先,基于广义谐和小波和随机过程的局部平稳小波模型,发展了线性多自由度结构系统在各时间-频率子域上激励功率谱与响应功率谱之间的关系,并计算得到了在一般随机动力激励下结构随机动力响应功率谱密度和各阶谱矩。随后,根据随机动力激励和响应的高斯假定及超越过程的Markov假定,得到了线性多自由度结构在均匀/非均匀调制随机激励下层间位移的动力可靠度指标。结构动力可靠度的Monte Carlo模拟显示了所提方法的可靠性与计算高效性。     

基于小波的非线性结构系统识别

提出了一个基于小波变换的方法用于非线性结构系统识别。采用复Morlet小波,对非线性结构自由响应信号进行连续小波变换,根据小波系数模极大值的方法提取小波变换的脊线和小波骨架。提取的小波脊线和小波骨架被用来识别结构的瞬时频率和振幅,得到非线性结构的骨架曲线。为降低噪音的影响,采用一个基于奇异值分解（SVD）的方法对识别的结构进行处理。最后通过一个具有非线性刚度结构的数值模拟验证了该方法的有效性。     

广州新电视塔不同激励下动力特性监测

广州新电视塔结构健康监测系统监测到结构建成后不同激励（包括台风激励,地震激励和一般风荷载激励）下结构的动态响应特性。首先,比较了在不同激励下结构的加速度时程响应和功率谱密度。然后,利用加速度响应数据进行模态分析并比较了在不同激励下结构的模态参数（包括频率、振型和阻尼比）。最后,利用希尔伯特-黄变换获得结构在不同激励下的瞬时频率和结构响应能量分布,并与小波变换的结果相比较。结果可为了解超高层建筑在不同激励下的动力特性提供参考     

基于广义Morse小波和EWT的移动荷载下结构时变频率识别

提出了基于广义Morse小波和经验小波变换的移动荷载作用下结构时变频率识别方法。首先介绍了经验小波变换技术和广义Morse小波特性,采用经验小波变换对结构响应信号进行分解,对分解得到的不同经验模式成分采用广义Morse小波分析,提取信号小波脊线识别结构瞬时频率。用一个数值算例验证了方法的有效性和精度。随后设计了一个移动小车通过钢板梁的模型试验,采用该方法识别其时变频率并与有限元计算结果进行对比分析,进一步验证方法的效果。     

旋转复合材料薄壁轴的不平衡非线性弯曲振动

研究几何非线性复合材料薄壁轴在偏心激励作用下的非线性振动特性。在轴的应变位移关系中引入Von Kármán几何非线性,基于Hamilton原理和变分渐进法(VAM)导出复合材料传动轴的拉-弯-扭耦合非线性振动偏微分方程组。为了着重研究轴的横向弯曲非线性振动特性,在上述模型中忽略轴向变形和扭转变形,得到轴的横向弯曲非线性振动偏微分方程,其中考虑了黏滞外阻和内阻的影响。采用Galerkin法,将偏微分方程转离散化为常微分方程,在此基础上利用四阶Runge-Kutta法对常微分方程组进行数值模拟,获得位移时间响应图、相平面图和功率谱图,研究了外阻、内组、偏心距和转速对非线性振动响应的影响,发现旋转复合材料薄壁轴存在混沌运动。     

非线性弹簧支承悬臂输液管道的分岔与混沌分析

研究悬臂输液管道系统在自激励、参数激励和外激励联合作用下的非线性动力学行为,揭示系统运动的规律。建立了非线性弹簧支承悬臂输液管道的运动微分方程,以线性弹簧支承条件下悬臂梁的固有频率和振型函数作为近似,采用李兹-伽辽金方法对非线性运动微分方程进行离散化,经过数值计算,利用分岔图、相图和功率谱图分析系统的非线性动力学响应,得到了流体平均流速和流体与管道质量比对系统周期运动和混沌运动的影响规律。研究结果表明,当流体平均流速较小时,系统的响应首先表现为周期运动,随着流体平均流速的增大,系统的响应通过系列倍周期分岔而进入混沌运动,又经由系列倍周期倒分岔转化为周期运动。随着流体与管道质量比的减小,系统出现混沌运动的临界流体平均流速值减小,这说明通过改变流体与管道质量比参数可以控制系统的振动形态。     

空间时间域路面行驶车辆的演变随机响应分析

介绍在空间频率——时间域计算随机路面行驶车辆演变随机振动响应功率谱的方法。根据积分变换调制路面对行驶车辆的随机激励,利用行驶车辆的行程与持续时间的确定性关系确定随机激励与响应的功率谱,在实数域用确定性振动响应分析结果预测演变随机响应功率谱。给出随机路面行驶四轮车在空间频率——时间域的激励功率谱矩阵和计算机仿真结果。研究表明：只要车辆的行驶速度是持续时间的确定性函数,就能将路面对车辆在空间域的平稳激励转化为在时间域的演变随机过程;在实数域预测行驶车辆演变随机振动响应功率谱的方法是可行的。     

Response spectral density determination for nonlinear systems endowed with fractional derivatives and subject to colored noise

A computationally efficient method for determining the response of non-linear stochastic dynamic systems endowed with fractional derivative elements subject to stochastic excitation is presented. The method relies on a spectral representation both for the system excitation and its response. Specifically, first the ordinary non-linear differential equation of motion is transferred into a set of non-linear algebra equations by employing the harmonic balance method. Next, the response Fourier coefficients are determined by solving these non-linear equations. Finally, repeated use of the proposed procedure yields the response power spectral density. Pertinent numerical examples, including a fractional Duffing and a bilinear oscillator, demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of heterogeneous orthotropic membranes by the analog equation method

In this paper the analog equation method, a BEM-based method, is employed to analyze the dynamic response of flat heterogeneous orthotropic membranes of arbitrary shape, undergoing large deflections. The problem is formulated in terms of the three displacement components. Due to the heterogeneity of the membrane, the elastic constants are position dependent and consequently the coefficients of the partial differential equations governing the dynamic equilibrium of the membrane are variable. Using the concept of the analog equation, the three-coupled nonlinear second order hyperbolic partial differential equations are replaced with three uncoupled Poisson's quasi-static equations with fictitious time dependent sources. The fictitious sources are represented by radial basis functions series and are established using a BEM-based procedure. Both free and forced vibrations are considered. Membranes of various shapes are analyzed to illustrate the merits of the method as well as its applicability, efficiency and accuracy. The proposed method is boundary-only in the sense that the discretization and the integration are restricted on the boundary. Therefore, it maintains all the advantages of the pure BEM.     

含分数阶导数项的随机Duffing振子的稳态响应分析

本文对一个含有分数阶导数项阻尼的、Gaussian白噪声激励下的Duffing振子进行了稳态响应分析。首先,基于能量平衡理论,运用等效线性化方法,计算等效系统的线性阻尼及自然频率,建立统计意义下的等效线性化系统。然后,利用平均法建立随机Ito方程,得到随机响应的Markovian近似;给出描述振子振幅概率密度函数演化的Fokker-Planck方程,并得到它的稳态解。进一步,对于含有响应振幅的等效线性系统,借助由Laplace变换得到的转换函数,得到原系统的条件功率谱密度,结合振幅的稳态概率密度作为权重函数,给出原系统功率谱密度的估计,以及响应的统计量的估计。数值模拟的结果说明所提出的功率谱密度的近似解析表达式是可靠的,它甚至适用于Duffing振子具有强非线性回复力的情形,因为它可以较好的表现出功率谱密度共振频谱加宽及多峰现象的出现。     

反对称角铺设复合材料层合板热后屈曲和模态跃迁分析

为有效分析反对称角铺设复合材料层压板热后屈曲性能,由渐近修正几何非线性理论推导双耦合四阶偏微分方程（即协调方程和动态控制方程）,通过双Fourier级数将耦合非线性控制偏微分方程转换为系列非线性常微分方程,从而获得相对简单的求解方法。使用广义Galerkin方法求解与角交铺设复合层合板相关的边界值问题,研究了模态跃迁前后不同复杂程度的后屈曲模式。通过四边简支、面内不可移边界下复合层合板的数值计算表明：该解析法与有限元方法在主后屈曲区域的计算结果有很好的吻合性;有限元方法在解靠近二次分岔点时失去收敛性,而解析法仍具有深入探索后屈曲区域和准确捕捉模态跃迁现象的能力。     

热过屈曲梁振动的解析解

该文导出了面内热载荷作用下, 梁在其过屈曲构形附近微幅振动的解析解。首先基于经典梁理论, 推导了控制轴向和横向变形的基本方程。然后, 将2 个非线性方程化为一个关于横向挠度的四阶非线性积分-微分方程。假设梁的振幅以及由此引起的附加应变为无限小, 另设其响应为谐振, 则该非线性积分-微分方程将化为两组耦合的微分方程:一组控制非线性静态响应;另一组就是叠加于梁屈曲构形之上的线性振动方程。直接求解这些问题, 可以得到梁热过屈曲构形以及固有频率的解析解, 这些解是外加热载荷的函数。该文得到的精确解可以用于验证或改进各类近似理论和数值方法。     

波纹扁球壳的非线性动态屈曲

研究了用于传感器弹性元件波纹扁球壳的非线性动态屈曲问题。建立了波纹扁球壳的非线性振动微分方程,根据突变理论建立了该壳体动态屈曲的突变模型,得到了动态屈曲的临界方程。     

A Differential Quadrature as a numerical method to solve differential equations

A Differential Quadrature proposed here can be used to solve boundary-value and initial-value differential equations with a linear or nonlinear nature. Unlike the classic Differential Quadrature Method (DQM), the newly proposed Differential Quadrature chooses the function values and some derivatives wherever necessary as independent variables. Therefore, the δ-type grid arrangement used in the classic DQM is exempt while applying the boundary conditions exactly. Most importantly, the explicit weighting coefficients can be obtained using the proposed procedures. The present method is used to solve two types of differential equations which are the single-span Bernoulli–Euler beam's buckling equation and the one-degree-of-freedom solid dynamic equation. Excellent results were obtained. Received: 4 January 1999     

Stochastic analysis of nonlinear vehicle systems using a generalized harmonic linearization technique

The discrete harmonic linearization method which is applicable to stochastic systems could not provide an equivalent stiffness coefficient for a nonlinear restoring element. In this paper, this technique is generalized to obtain linear representations of both nonlinear restoring and damping elements, based on a principle of energy similarity of dynamic elements. A numerical iterative procedure is presented to compute the local linear coefficients of nonlinear dynamic elements. A nonlinear system is then represented by a set of its complex frequency response function matrices, as functions of the excitation frequency. Stochastic analysis of general multi-DOF nonlinear vehicle systems is established in terms of response PSD characteristics.     

Nonlinear dynamic response of laminated plates resting on nonlinear elastic foundations by the discrete singular convolution-differential quadrature coupled approaches

In this paper, nonlinear dynamic response of rectangular laminated composite plate resting on nonlinear Pasternak type elastic foundations is investigated. First-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used for modeling of moderately thick plates. The plate formulation is based on the von Karman nonlinear equation. The resulting nonlinear governing equations for transient analysis of laminated plates on elastic foundation are integrated using the discrete singular convolution-differential quadrature coupled approaches. The nonlinear governing equations of motion of plate are discretized in space and time domains using the discrete singular convolution and the differential quadrature methods, respectively. The validity of the present method is demonstrated by comparing the present results with those available in the open literature. The effects of the foundation parameters, boundary conditions and geometric parameters of plates on nonlinear dynamic response of laminated thick plates are investigated.