具有还原性的多重多维模糊推理算法

Zadeh提出的CRI算法是模糊推理中运用最广泛的算法,但它不具还原性。王国俊教授提出的全蕴涵三Ⅰ算法,以及已有的基于相似度的模糊推理算法是在单一规则下的模糊推理算法,在单一规则情形满足还原性条件。本文在给出多重多维模糊推理具有还原性的定义的基础上,先用例子说明,全蕴涵三Ⅰ算法和已有的基于相似度的算法在多重多维推理的情况下不具有还原性,同时本文提出一种新的基于相似度的模糊推理算法,在多重多维推理时满足还原性条件。     

基于直觉模糊推理的威胁评估改进算法

针对实战系统中的威胁评估问题,提出一种基于直觉模糊推理的改进算法。设计系统状态变量的三角型隶属度和非隶属度函数,给出详细的计算步骤,将包含可信度的推理规则植入评估系统,当系统有输入时,即可进行威胁评估值的直觉模糊推理计算。实战数据仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

一种改进的基于相似度的模糊推理方法

基于模糊集合概念的模糊产生式规则及其模糊推理方法广泛应用于智能控制、专家系统等领域。文章指出了现有的一种基于相似度的模糊推理方法的缺陷。提出了一种改进的基于相似度的模糊推理方法。并通过实例说明了改进方法的优越性。     

基于模糊集贴近度的模糊推理系统摄动研究

目前对模糊推理系统规则摄动度量都是基于蕴涵关系进行研究的,而蕴涵算子选取不当必然会导致规则摄动出现误差。多数模糊推理算法也是基于蕴涵关系,这些算法因涉及模糊关系矩阵运算而使算法的计算过程比较复杂,有时推理结果和实际相差甚远。采用一种度量模糊推理系统规则摄动的新方法分析模糊推理系统的摄动,该方法不再使用蕴涵算子,而是基于规则摄动前后模糊集合的贴近度来度量,与以往的方法有着本质的不同,推理结果更贴合实际情况。     

基于OWA算子的区间值加权模糊推理

针对如何对区间值模糊产生式规则赋予合理权值的问题,将OWA算子引入到区间值模糊推理中。介绍一种基于OWA算子的区间值赋权方法,根据此方法给出区间值模糊集上的加权模糊产生式规则的推理算法。在采用该算法的过程中,为合理地计算输入事实与规则前件的匹配程度,引入基于OWA算子的区间值模糊匹配函数值和总体贴近度的计算方法。实例分析表明了所给出的区间值模糊推理算法的有效性和可行性。     

直觉模糊信息系统的规则提取方法

规则获取是直觉模糊推理系统面临的难题之一。针对直觉模糊环境下的规则提取问题,首先给出直觉模糊信息系统的定义,分析决策属性与条件属性及条件属性对应的语言值之间所蕴含的直觉模糊逻辑关系,以此构造信息系统的逻辑关系。进而,通过融合信息系统中具有相同决策值的数据行所表达的决策规则信息,给出包含置信度和非置信度的直觉模糊规则可信度计算方法,并分两种情况讨论基于直觉模糊可信度的规则筛选方法。在此基础上提出直觉模糊信息系统的规则提取算法,最后用具体算例验证了算法的可用性和有效性。     

基于用户相似度和信任度的药品推荐算法

为了解决协同过滤算法推荐精度低的问题,提出基于用户相似度和信任度的药品推荐算法。该方法通过离线使用DBSCAN算法对药品进行聚类来降低时间复杂度。引入共同评分药品阈值使用户相似度计算更准确,同时设置相似度阈值来限定相似性邻居的选取以克服KNN算法选取邻居的缺陷。根据用户的推荐可信度和评分可信度建立信任计算模型,计算基于相似邻居集的可信邻居集。通过两次邻居选择策略为目标用户产生药品推荐。仿真结果表明,该算法与其他算法相比在平均绝对误差、准确率和召回率上有更好的性能,提高了系统推荐精度。     

棉纺故障诊断专家系统

本文给出了一种新的知识表示方法－扩展模糊Ｐｅｔｒｉ网，并讨论了基于ＥＦＰＮ的模糊推理方法以及可信度计算方法。ＥＦＰＮ在网络的定义，转换的定义以及激活规则等三个方面对传统的Ｐｅｔｒｉ网进行了扩展，使其能充分表达棉纺领域中的专家知识，同时，在ＥＦＰＮ的基础上，给出了一整套完备的推理规则及算法，根据模糊逻辑用近似推理的方法加以推理分析直至寻出故障源。对生产过程中检测所得的各种数据，则利用非中心ｔ分布，序     

频率相似度算法在审计规则库中的应用

在语句语义相似度计算的算法中,没有考虑语句中的不同词语对语句之间相似度值的不同贡献程度,以致计算结果不理想。为此提出了基于频率函数的改进词语相似度算法,该算法将词语在语料库中的频率函数作为权重值,引入至语句的词语相似度计算中,以降低高频率词语在语句相似度值中的比重,提高算法精确率。由于当前审计方法存在散、乱、重复等现象,为了更好地复用已有的审计方法,将根据审计方法建立审计规则库,在此基础上,利用上述改进的语义相似度算法,计算用户输入与审计规则之间的相似度值,返回满足相似度阈值条件的审计规则所对应的审计方法,用户根据所返回的审计方法,选择合适的审计方法进行审计工作。实际应用表明,该算法的应用减少了人工搜索审计方法的时间,提高了审计效率。     

基于词法规则的语义对象匹配算法

介绍了基于词法规则的语义对象匹配算法,通过有限状态自动机将文本与描述语义对象的规则匹配,分析连续匹配成功的片段,以计算文本与语义对象的综合相似度,确定二者的匹配程度。该算法的特点是通过引入相似度计算,有效地解决了规则的不完全匹配问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.