双馈感应风力发电机组的非线性变结构空载并网控制策略

采用矢量控制结合PI控制来实现双馈感应发电机并网时,电机的各种磁链以及电压电流交叉耦合补偿部分都会降低电网电压跟踪的速度,使动态响应性能不够理想,令超调量增大.本文采用变结构控制与全状态反馈线性化解耦相结合的控制策略,来控制双馈感应发电机组的空载并网过程.在MATLAB仿真模型基础上,从空载并网时发电机定子电压对电网电压的跟踪、并网过渡过程中定转子电流变化情况,和并网后功率调节和最大风能捕获这3个阶段进行了仿真分析.最后将非线性变结构控制器与传统矢量控制外加PI调节控制的仿真结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,采用全状态反馈线性化变结构控制的双馈感应风力发电机组,可以实现发电机的平滑并网,并网效果较好,定子电流对电网冲击小,转子电流实现比较平稳的过渡.并网后,发电机能够有效地进行最大风能捕获,实现变速恒频发电和有功、无功功率的独立调节控制.通过与传统矢量控制的比较分析,可以看出,双馈感应风力发电机组采用状态反馈精确线性化变结构控制器比传统矢量PI控制器对电网电压跟踪速度更快,动态响应更快速、调节时间和超调量更小.     

永磁同步风力发电机组控制策略的仿真研究

针对直驱式风电机组全功率变流器双PWM背靠背式的拓扑结构,利用Matlab/simulink软件平台,搭建了包括风力机、永磁同步发电机、变流器等组件的并网型永磁同步风力发电机组的系统仿真模型,并根据矢量控制原理对机组及背靠背式变流器进行了控制策略的仿真研究.仿真结果表明,所采用的结合最大风能捕获的矢量控制策略实现了风电机组的变速运行、最大风能利用和有功、无功的解耦控制;验证了所建立的永磁同步风力发电机组模型以及采用的控制策略的有效、可行性,对于实践具有重要的指导意义.     

具有同步发电机特性的储能型光伏并网发电系统研究

基于虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)控制的并网逆变器可以对电网的频率和电压起到一定的支撑作用.但是,仅由光伏供电的逆变器难以模拟同步发电机的特性.本文提出一种具有同步发电机特性的储能型光伏并网发电系统,并给出了相应的VSG控制策略、DC–DC控制策略以及协调控制方法;建立了系统的小信号模型,分析了参数取值对动态性能和稳定性的影响.仿真结果不但表明该系统具有同步发电机特性,可实现光伏阵列的最大功率跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)和储能的充放电控制;而且验证了理论分析的正确性.     

双馈风力发电系统功率解耦控制策略仿真研究

研究风力发电机功率效率优化控制问题,由于外部风力环境变化较大,应保证变换器的稳定性控制。传统的控制方法不但动态和稳态性能差,而且控制策略比较复杂。为了改善控制效果,提高直流电压利用率,采用了SVPWM调制技术,并提出了一种功率解耦控制策略的双脉宽调制(PWM)变换器控制方案。网侧变换器控制直流母线电压的稳定并调节网侧功率因数,转子侧变换器进行矢量解耦控制,调节定子有功和无功功率。仿真结果表明,控制策略能够快速跟踪风速变化,维持直流侧母线电压恒定,输出的电流为正弦波,并且与电网电压同频同相,满足并网条件,实现有功和无功功率的独立调节,对并网风力发电系统的设计研究提供有意义的参考。     

双馈风力发电机系统的自抗扰神经网络的励磁控制

在双馈发电机传统控制方式的基础上, 将自抗扰控制技术和BP神经网络相结合结合, 应用于双馈风力发电机并网运行的控制上, 提出了一种新的双馈风力发电机并网运行控制方案. 该控制方案具有内外两个控制环, 内环通过BP神经网络实现双馈风力发电机的转子d-q轴电流控制, 外环通过自抗扰技术实现双馈风力发电机定子侧的有功、无功控制. 由于自抗扰控制器利用一阶跟踪微分器和扩张状态观测器对系统扰动进行动态跟踪补偿, 在此基础上输出双馈电机转子交--直轴电流的参考值, 然后将该参考值作为BP神经网络训练样本的输入, 训练后的BP神经网络可以更好地逼近实际转子电压输出量. 论文设计并实现了该方案的具体控制算法. 仿真测试表明: 该控制方案具有优良的动态性能, 对系统的内外扰动具有较强的鲁棒性, 在没有精确的发电机参数情况下依然可实现并网系统的稳定运行.     

双馈风力发电系统最大风能追踪滑模变结构控制

针对如何实现双馈风力发电机最大风能追踪(MPPT)问题, 本文采用滑模变结构控制原理和定子磁场定向矢量控制原理, 提出了滑模控制的最大风能追踪方案. 为此首先简要的介绍了定子磁场定向矢量控制的原理, 然后根据风机模型的非线性提出了滑模控制最大风能追踪方案. 此方法实现了双馈风力发电机的有功, 无功功率的解耦控制. 提高风力发电系统转速控制的抗干扰性, 实现了变速恒频控制和最大功率点跟踪的快速和稳定控制, 从而捕 获更多的风能. 最后仿真结果验证本文提出的控制策略的正确性和有效性.     

新型双馈风力发电机有功功率平滑控制策略研究

针对由于风能的不确定性、风力发电机的大惯性以及风力发电系统的响应延迟性等造成的风力发电机输出有功功率在一定范围内有波动的问题,提出了一种新型双馈风力发电机有功功率平滑控制策略。该控制策略在全风速范围内采用变浆与变速协调控制策略,并在其基础上增加了一个有功功率误差控制环节,将转子电压辅助控制指令值作为反馈量加入原来的转子电压控制指令值,通过控制SPWM脉冲发生器来实现风力发电机定子输出有功功率的平滑控制。Matlab/Simulink仿真结果表明,与传统有功功率控制策略相比,该新型有功功率平滑控制策略有效抑制了双馈风力发电机输出有功功率的波动。     

永磁同步发电机风能转换系统滑模控制仿真

针对由于风速的随机波动性而使基于线性定常控制器的风能转换系统稳定性较差的问题,提出了一种基于滑模控制的永磁同步发电机风能转换系统的设计方案;分析了该系统中风力机模型、传动装置模型和永磁同步发电机模型的建立原理,介绍了滑模控制策略的具体实现。仿真结果表明,该系统具有较好的速度跟踪特性,实现了最大风能捕获。     

基于微粒群算法的永磁同步发电机滑模控制

为了改善直驱永磁同步风力发电机控制系统的控制性能,设计了一种滑模控制器。运用Matlab/Simulink建立了直驱型永磁同步风力发电机的仿真模型。提出外环采用转速闭环控制控制策略,用于跟踪最佳转速,以实现风力发电系统的最大功率跟踪控制。针对转速闭环控制采用一种新型的趋近律设计了滑模控制器,并用微粒群优化算法对控制器参数进行寻优。所设计的控制器性能与比例积分（PI）控制器进行了对比,结果表明优化参数后的滑模控制器拥有更好的控制效果,同时也表明采用 PSO 算法进行控制器设计是有效、可行的。     

风力发电技术与功率控制策略研究

对风力发电技术进行综述,分析研究了变速恒频双馈风力发电机组实现风能最大捕获的功率控制策略,即当风速在切入风速和额定风速之间时,控制发电机转子励磁电流及频率,追踪最佳功率曲线;在额定风速和切出风速之间时,调节风力机叶片桨距角,保持额定功率不变.研究表明,基于风速的功率控制方法,提高了风力发电机组风能利用效率;同时,基于风向标和输出功率的偏航控制策略,能缩短风力机对风时间,提高风力机对风精度和使用寿命.     

A rotor speed estimation algorithm in variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system

A rotor speed estimation algorithm in a direct vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system is proposed. The proposed method is based on a simple equation obtained from the flux model of the machine and contains only stator flux and current. Constant gain recursive least squares estimator is used for implementing the speed estimation algorithm. Rotor position information used for coordinate transformation is computed using the estimated speed. Stator flux information required by the speed estimator is obtained using the stator voltage equation by implementing a programmable low pass filter. The estimated speed is used as the feedback signal for the speed control loop of the vector controlled machine side converter control system whose command speed is obtained from a wind speed sensorless maximum power point tracking controller, thus, we obtain a complete rotor speed and wind speed sensorless permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system. Simulation is carried out to validate the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Output feedback control of wind energy conversion system involving a doubly fed induction generator

This paper deals with the problem of controlling a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), by IGBT‐based back‐to‐back rectifier‐inverter. The goal of control is to maximize wind energy extraction letting the wind turbine rotor operate in a variable‐speed mode. Interestingly, the present study features the achievement of the above energetic goal without resorting to sensors for wind velocity. The control strategy involves: (i) an output feedback non‐linear regulator designed by the backstepping technique and based on the use of a high gain observer; (ii) a sensorless online reference‐speed optimizer designed using the turbine power characteristic to achieve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) requirement. It is formally shown that the proposed controller actually meets its control objectives. This theoretical result is confirmed by several simulations.     

Asymptotic Tracking Control for Wind Turbines in Variable Speed Mode

This paper presents a variable speed control strategy for wind turbines in order to capture maximum wind power. Wind turbines are modeled as a two-mass drive-train system with generator torque control. Based on the obtained wind turbine model, variable speed control schemes are developed. Nonlinear tracking controllers are designed to achieve asymptotic tracking for a prescribed rotor speed reference signal so as to yield maximum wind power capture. Due to the difficulty of torsional angle measurement, an observer-based control scheme that uses only rotor speed information is further developed for global asymptotic output tracking. The effectiveness of the proposed control methods is illustrated by simulation results.      

并网运行的直驱风力发电系统建模及仿真研究

在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立了包含风速、风力机、直驱同步发电机、轴系扭振模块、变流器及其控制部分的并网直驱风力发电系统模型,提出了基于最大风能跟踪控制结合变桨距控制的策略,研究了在变风速输入和网侧出现单相短路故障时直驱型风力发电系统的动态响应特性,仿真结果表明了并网直驱风力发电系统模型及其控制策略的正确性和可行性。     

Sensorless adaptive output feedback control of wind energy systems with PMS generators

This paper addresses the problem of controlling wind energy conversion (WEC) systems involving permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) fed by IGBT-based buck-to-buck rectifier–inverter. The prime control objective is to maximize wind energy extraction which cannot be achieved without letting the wind turbine rotor operate in variable-speed mode. Interestingly, the present study features the achievement of the above energetic goal without resorting to sensors of wind velocity, PMSG speed and load torque. To this end, an adaptive output-feedback control strategy devoid of any mechanical sensor is developed (called sensorless), based on the nonlinear model of the whole controlled system and only using electrical variables measurements. This control strategy involves: (i) a sensorless online reference-speed optimizer designed using the turbine power characteristic to meet the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) requirement; (ii) a nonlinear speed regulator designed by using the backstepping technique; (iii) a sensorless interconnected adaptive state observer providing online estimates of the rotor position as well as speed and load/turbine torque. The proposed output-feedback control strategy is backed by a formal analysis showing that all control objectives are actually achieved. Several simulations show that the control strategy enjoys additional robustness properties.     

A second-order sliding mode and fuzzy logic control to optimal energy management in wind turbine with battery storage

The optimal control of large-scale wind turbine has become a critical issue for the development of renewable energy systems and their integration into the power grid to provide reliable, secure and efficient electricity, despite any possible constraints such as sudden changes in wind speed. This paper deals with the modeling and control of a hybrid system integrating a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) in variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) and batteries as energy storage system (BESS). Moreover a new supervisory control system for the optimal management and robust operation of a VSWT and a BESS is described and evaluated by simulation under wind speed variation and grid demand changes. In this way, the proposed coordinated controller has three subsystems (generator side, BESS side and grid side converters). The main function of the first one is to extract the maximum wind power through controlling the rotational speed of the PMSG, for this a maximum power point tracking algorithm based on fuzzy logic control and a second-order sliding mode control (SOSMC) theory is designed. The task of the second one is to maintain the required direct current (DC) link voltage level of the PMSG through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, whereas in the last, a (SOSMC) is investigated to achieve smooth regulation of grid active and reactive powers quantities, which provides better results in terms of attenuation of the harmonics present in the grid courant compared with the conventional first-order sliding controller. Extensive simulation studies under different conditions are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results confirm the effectiveness of the new supervisory control system.

     

基于二阶滑模控制的变速双馈风力发电系统最大功率点跟踪

本文提出一种超螺旋二阶滑模控制方案同时实现双馈变速风力发电系统最大风能捕获和无功功率调节.通过设计两个二阶滑模控制器,实现控制目标,降低机械磨损,提高控制精度,通过调节发电机转子电压,跟踪风机最优转速和转子电流设定值,实现额定风速以下的最大风能捕获和无功功率调节.采用二次型李雅普诺夫函数确定控制参数范围、确保系统有限时间稳定性.1.5 MW风机系统仿真实验验证所提方案有效性.     

Robust nonlinear control strategy to maximize energy capture in a variable speed wind turbine with an internal induction generator

This paper proposes a control strategy to maximize the wind energy captured in a variable speed wind turbine,with an internal induction generator,at low to medium wind speeds.The proposed strategy cont...