Possible Involvement of NADPH Oxidase in Lanthanide Cation-Induced Superoxide Anion Generation in BY-2 Tobacco Cell Suspension Culture

A rapid and concentration-dependent generation of superoxide anion (·O-2), measured with a superoxide-specific Cypridina luciferin-derived chemiluminescent reagent, was observed when two lanthanide salts (LaCl3 and GdCl3) were added to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell suspension culture.Addition of superoxide dismutase (480 U·ml-1) and Tiron (5 μmol·L-1) to cell culture suspension decreases the level of lanthanide cation-induced ·O-2 generation, suggesting that ·O-2 generation is extra-cellular.Pretreatment of the cell culture suspension with diphenyleneiodonium (10 and 50 μmol·L-1), quinacrine (1 and 5 mmol·L-1) and imidazol (10 mmol·L-1), inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, notably inhibits the generation of superoxide induced by lanthanide cation, implying the possible involvement of activation of NADPH oxidase.In addition, addition of SHAM (1 and 5 mmol·L-1), azide (0.2 and 1 mmol·L-1), inhibitor of peroxidase, has no influence on ·O-2 generation.     

Adsorption of rhenium(VII) on 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole resin

The adsorption properties of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole resin (4-ATR) for Re(VII) were investigated by static and dynamic adsorption–desorption measurements with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The influence of conditions such as temperature, initial solution pH and contact time on the adsorption curve was studied. It was found that the 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole resin was suitable for adsorption of Re(VII). The saturated adsorption capacity was 354 mg·g^− 1resin at pH 2.6 in HAc–NaAc medium at 298 K. The adsorption rate constant was k₂₉₈ = 8.2 × 10^− 5 s^− 1. The adsorption behavior of 4-ATR for Re(VII) obeyed the Freundlich empirical equation; whilst changes in adsorption with temperature gave an enthalpy change ΔH  = − 11.8 kJ·mol^− 1. The molar ratio of the functional group of 4-ATR to Re(VII) was about 2:1. Re(VII) adsorbed on 4-ATR was eluted by 1.0 ~ 5.0 mol·L^− 1 HCl with 100% quantitative elution in 4.0 mol·L^− 1 HCl solution. The resin can be regenerated and reused without apparent decrease in adsorption capacity.     

Thermochemical Study on Ternary Solid Complex of La(Gly)2 (Ala)3 Cl3 ·2H2O (s)

The complex of lanthanum chloride with Glycine and Alanine, La(Gly)₂(Ala)₃Cl₃ · 2H₂O, was synthesized and characterized by IR, elementary analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and chemical analysis. The dissolution enthalpies of LaCl₃ · 7H₂O(s), 2Gly(s) + 3Ala(s) and La(Gly)₂(Ala)₃Cl₃ · 2H₂O(s) were determined in 2 mol · L⁻¹ HCl by a solution-reaction isoperibol calorimeter. By designing a thermochemical cycle in terms of Hess' Law and through calculation, the reaction enthalpy of lanthanum chloride seven-hydrate with Glycine and Alanine was obtained: Δ_rH^θ_m(298.15 K) = (29.652 ± 0.504) kJ · mol⁻¹, and the standard enthalpy of formation of La(Gly)₂(Ala)₃Cl₃ · 2H₂O(s) Δ_fH^θ_m[La(Gly)₂ (Ala)₃Cl₃ · 2H₂O, s, 298.15 K] = −4467.6 ± 8.3 kJ · mol⁻¹.     

Properties of electrolyte solutions relevant to high concentration chloride leaching. II. Density, viscosity and heat capacity of mixed aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride and nickel chloride measured to 90 °C

Results of density and viscosity measurements for aqueous solutions of MgCl₂ (0.5–3.5 mol L^− 1) and MgCl₂ + 10% NiCl₂ (0.5–3.5 mol L^− 1) at temperatures of 25, 60 and 90 °C show an almost linear increase in density with total concentration, while low nickel contents and temperature have comparatively small effects. Viscosities of MgCl₂ solutions rise sharply at 25 °C but are significantly lower at 90 °C. The viscosity of 3–4 mol kg^− 1 MgCl₂ at 90 °C is similar to water at 25 °C. Nickel has no significant effect on the viscosity of these solutions.Results of heat capacity measurements for aqueous solutions of MgCl₂ (0.5–3.5 mol L^− 1) and MgCl₂ + 10% NiCl₂ (0.5–3.5 mol L^− 1) at temperatures of 60 and 90 °C show that the heat capacities of these solution decrease significantly with total concentration, while the effects of low nickel contents and temperature are again comparatively small.     

Eu-Chelate Construct Ultrasensitive Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay-Assay of Pepsinogen Ⅰ

Eu-chelate were used to construct a two-site sandwich-type assay for pepsinogen I (PGI) with time-resolved flu-oroimmunoassay (TRFIA) as a detection technique. On the noncompetitive assay, captured monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) coated on wells were directed against a specific antigenic site on the PGI. Another McAbs, called as labeling McAbs, were prepared with the Eu-chelate of N-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriamine-N, N, N, N-tetraacetie acid and directed against a different antigenic site on the PGI. The fluorescence counts of bound Eu³⁺ -McAbs were measured with the auto DELFIA₁₂₃₅ system. The PGI in sera from healthy volunteers were determined by PGI-TRFIA. The within-run and between-run CVs of the PGI-TRFIA were 1.9% and 4.7%, respectively, and the recovery rate was 102.65%. The assay had a detection limit of 0.05 μg·L⁻¹. The PGI-TRFIA provided a linear response from 3.5 to 328 μg·L⁻¹. The cross-reacting rate with pepsinogen II was negligible. The linear correlation of PGI-TRFIA and radioimmunassay measurements resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.977. The means of healthy volunteers were 154 ± 43 μg·L⁻¹ for serum PGI. The availability of a highly sensitive, reliable, and convenient method for quantifying PGI will allow investigations into the possible diagnostic value of this analyte in various clinical conditions, including gastric carcinoma, duodenal ulcer, gastritis and severe atrophic gastritis.     

Stability of 3CaO · Al2O3 · 6H2O in KOH + K2CO3 + H2O system for chromate production

In the novel clean chromate production process, the alkali liquor recycled to decompose the chromite ore mainly consists of KOH and K₂CO₃ which accumulates aluminium impurity and affects the quality of the product greatly. Aluminium impurity can be removed by adding CaO to precipitate as 3CaO · Al₂O₃ · 6H₂O (C₃AH₆). A study of the effects of various parameters, such as KOH concentration, K₂CO₃ concentration and temperature on the behaviour of C₃AH₆ show that C₃AH₆ is decomposed to 3CaO · Al₂O₃ · CaCO₃ · 11H₂O and CaCO₃ below 150 g L^− 1 KOH, and decomposed to Ca(OH)₂ above 150 g L^− 1 KOH. With K₂CO₃ concentration increasing, C₃AH₆ decomposes significantly, which results in more CaCO₃ or 3CaO · Al₂O₃ · CaCO₃ · 11H₂O produced. Temperature has a large positive effect on the decomposition of C₃AH₆ at 45 g L^− 1 KOH but has no significant effect at 150 g L^− 1 KOH. The optimal condition for removing aluminium impurity in the KOH + K₂CO₃ + H₂O system is 150 g L^− 1 KOH, 50 g L^− 1 K₂CO₃ and 80 °C.     

Effects of Neodymium on Growth, Pectinase Activity and Mycelium Permeability of Fusarium oxysporum

The diameter of the colony of Fusarium oxysporum in solid medium, and the mycelium growth, pectinase activity, and mycelium permeability of Fusarium oxysporum in liquid medium under varying concentrations of Nd^3＋ （0, 2, 4, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 300, and 400 mg·L^-1） were measured. The results indicated that the growth of Fusarium oxysporum was stimulated in solid medium when the concentration of Nd^3＋ ranges from 2 to 180 mg·L^-1, whereas it was inhibited when Nd^3 ＋ concentration was greater than 200 mg· L^-1. The colonies were fewer and smaller when Nd^3 ＋ was used in the solid medium. The growth of Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited in liquid medium when Nd^3＋ was used. The inhibition rate showed by the dry weight of mycelium ranged from 4.83% to 52.18% and inereased with Nd^3 ＋ concentration. The pectinase activity decreased compared with that of controls. When the concentration of Nd^3 ＋ was 10 and 400 mg· L^- 1, the pectinase activity decreased by 95 % at both concentrations. Mycelium cell membrane permeability increased when Nd^3 ＋ concentrations ranged from 10 to 400 mg· L^-1 but decreased when Nd^3＋ concentration was 2 mg· L^-1.     

Nitric Oxide Alleviates Oxidative Stress Caused by Lanthanum in Rice Leaves

The effect of NO on lanthanum-induced antioxidant activities in rice was evaluated. The results showed that the uptake and translocation of La from root to shoot were obviously inhibited by 10μmol·L^-1 sodium nitropmsside （SNP）, a donor of NO, in the seedlings grown in Mura B nutrient solution with 100μmol·L^-1 La. Although the content of ascorbate acid （AsA） were scarcely affected by La or NO in our experiment, La decreased significantly the activity of SOD and content of GSH, while promoted H202 content in leaves. Furthermore, NO blocked these La effects. Taken together, the results suggested that NO relieved La toxicity in rice. A possible role for NO effects on antioxidant activity was discussed.     

Adsorption of Ce（ Ⅳ ） Anionic Nitrato Complexes onto Anion Exchangers and Its Application for Ce （Ⅳ） Separation from Rare Earths （ Ⅲ ）

Ceriumis one of the cheapest[1]and most abun-dant rare earths (RE) .However ,high purityis usual-ly required for its utilization in industry , where it isusedfor sulfur control insteels ,pyrophoric alloys ,ce-ramic ,catalyst support ,polishing powders ,etc .In its minerals ,as well as in the spent nuclearfuel ,ceriumis accompanied by other RE.They basi-cally exist in solution as stable RE(Ⅲ) species ,which makes their mutual separation rather difficult .In contrast to other RE, Ce(Ⅲ) can…     

Effects of Cerium on Accumulation of Anthocyanins and Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in Potato Cell Tissue Cultures

The effects of Ce (Ⅳ) on callus growth, anthocyanin content, and expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in callus suspension cultures of Solanum tuberosum cv. Chieftain were studied by the measurement of fresh weight, spectrophotometric assays, and semiquantitative RT-PCR. The results indicate that 0.1 mmol·L-1 Ce (Ⅳ) can promote callus growth, increase the accumulation of anthocyanins, and enhance the expression of five anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (CHS, F3H, F3′5′H, DFR, and 3GT) most efficiently. At high concentrations of 1 mmol·L-1, Ce (Ⅳ) partially inhibits callus growth and at 2 mmol·L-1 eventually lends to cell death. The results show that Ce(Ⅳ) can induce the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes to produce and accumulate anthocyanins and increase the yield of anthocyanins.     

Measurements of Enthalpy Change of Reaction of Formation, Molar Heat Capacity and Constant-Volume Combustion Energy of Solid Complex Yb（Et2dtc）3（phen）

A ternary solid complex Yb(Et2dtc)3(phen) was obtained from the reaction of hydrous ytterbium chloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaEt2dtc), and 1, 10-phenanthroline (o-phen·H2O) in absolute ethanol.The bonding characteristics of the complex were characterized by IR.The result shows Yb3 bands with two sulfur atoms in the Na(Et2dtc)3 and two nitrogen atoms in the o-phen.The enthalpy change of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex ΔrHθm (l), was determined as being (-24.838±0.114) kJ·mol-1 at 298.15 K, by an RD-496 Ⅲ type heat conduction microcalormeter.The enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction of formation of the complex ΔrHθm (s), was calculated as being (108.015±0.479) kJ·mol-1 on the basis of an appropriate thermochemistry cycle.The thermodynamics of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex was investigated by changing the temperature during the liquid-phase reaction.Fundamental parameters, the activation enthalpy, ΔHθ≠, the activation entropy, ΔSθ≠, the activation free energy, ΔGθ≠, the apparent reaction rate constant k, the apparent activation energy E, the pre-exponential constant A, and the reaction order n, were obtained by a combination of the reaction thermodynamic and kinetic equations with the data from the thermokinetic experiments.At the same time, the molar heat capacity of the complex cm, p, was determined to be (86.34±1.74) J·mol-1·K-1 by the same microcalormeter.The constant-volume combustion energy of the complex, ΔcU, was determined to be (-17954.08±8.11) kJ·mol-1 by an RBC-Ⅱ type rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K.Its standard enthalpy of combustion, ΔcHθm, and standard enthalpy of formation, ΔfHθm, were calculated to be (-17973.29±8.11) kJ·mol-1 and (-770.36±9.02) kJ·mol-1, respectively.     

Thermochemical Study on Coordination Complex of Samarium with Salicylic Acid and 8-Hydroxyquinoline

It is knownthat rare earthions ,8-hydroxyquino-line and salicylic acid are antibacterial[1 ～5].Synthesisand characterization of the rare earth complexes withsalicylic acid were reported by Sun[6].Synthesis andcharacterization of the rare earth complexes …     

Direct Spectroscopic Determination of Europium（ Ⅱ ） Concentration During Europium（ Ⅲ ） Electro-Reduction in Hydrochloric Acid Medium

Europiumis one of the most important rare earth(RE) element .It is widely used as a component ofcathode ray tubes , with screen coated with red phos-phor ,as phosphorescent pigments ,andinlaser optics .It can also be used as neutron-absorbing material .In…     

Investigation on pumping oxygen characteristics of （Bi2O3）0.73（Y2O3）0.27 solid electrolyte

（Bi2O3）0.73（Y2O3）0.27 fine powders prepared by wet chemical precipitation method were cold isostatically pressed to form solid electrolyte tubes, and sintered at 900 ℃ for 10 h in the air. Their pumping oxygen characteristics in non-dehydrated Ar gas were investigated, where a ZrO2 （Y2O3 stabilized） oxygen sensor was used to measure the oxygen partial pressure Po2. The results showed that the Po2 value reached magnitudes of 1×10^-2-1×10^-10 Pa at the applied pumping oxygen voltage of 0.5 V, 1×10^-37-1×10^-27 Pa at 1.0 V and 1×10^-53-1×10^47 Pa at 2.0 V within the temperature range from 550 to 650 ℃. Moreover, no cracks were found in the tested solid electrolyte tubes. Thus, the Bi2O3-Y2O3 system might be used in solid electrolyte oxygen pump for purifying gases.     

Characterization and alkaline decomposition–cyanidation kinetics of industrial ammonium jarosite in NaOH media

A complete characterization was carried out on a jarositic residue from the zinc industry. This residue consists of ammonium jarosite, with some contents of H₃O⁺, Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ in the alkaline “sites” and, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ as a partial substitution of iron. The formula is: [Ag_0.001Na_0.07K_0.02Pb_0.007(NH₄)_0.59(H₃O)_0.31]Fe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆. Some contents of franklinite (ZnO^·Fe₂O₃), gunninguite (ZnSO₄·H₂O) and quartz were also detected. The jarosite is interconnected rhombohedral crystals of 1–2 μm, with a size distribution of particles of 2–100 μm, which could be described by the Rosin–Rammler model.The alkaline decomposition curves exhibit an induction period followed by a progressive conversion period; the experimental data are consistent with the spherical particle with shrinking core model for chemical control. The alkaline decomposition of the ammonium jarosite can be shown by the following stoichiometric formula:NH₄Fe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)_6(s)+3OH_(aq)⁻→(NH)_4(aq)⁺+3Fe(OH)_3(s)+2SO_4(aq)²⁻.The decomposition (NaOH) presents an order of reaction of 1.1 with respect to the [OH⁻] and an activation energy of 77 kJ mol⁻¹. In NaOH/CN⁻ media, the process is of 0.8 order with respect to the OH⁻ and 0.15 with respect to the CN⁻. The activation energy was 46 kJ mol⁻¹. Products obtained are amorphous. Franklinite was not affected during the decomposition process. The presence of this phase is indicative that the franklinite acted like a nucleus during the ammonium jarosite precipitation.     

Properties of electrolyte solutions relevant to high concentration chloride leaching. III. Solubility of pertinent solids and iron(III)/iron(II) redox potential measured in concentrated magnesium chloride solutions

Results of solubility measurements of nickel chloride, manganese chloride, iron(II) chloride, hematite and akaganeite in aqueous solutions of MgCl₂ (0.5–3.5 mol L^− 1) at temperatures of 60 and 90 °C are reported. Solubilities of metal(II) chlorides decrease almost linearly with MgCl₂ concentration due to the common ion effect. Nickel chloride and iron(II) chloride solubilities are very similar, while manganese chloride is about 30% more soluble.Hematite is more stable (i.e. less soluble) than akaganeite under all conditions investigated in this study, while ferrihydrite is considerably less stable. In other words, there is no change in the relative stabilities of these phases effected by the presence of high magnesium chloride concentrations. The solubility of all of these phases decreases with temperature and, for each temperature, the solubility constants increase linearly with the MgCl₂ concentration. The present results allow the prediction of the iron concentration as a function of the H⁺ and MgCl₂ molality at equilibrium with hematite or akaganeite.The Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox behaviour has been characterized in concentrated aqueous solutions of MgCl₂ (1.5–3.5 mol L^− 1) at a temperature of 25 °C. Standard redox potentials are ca. 100 mV lower than at infinite dilution and change linearly by only 13 mV in the range 2–4 mol L^− 1 MgCl₂.     

Effect of Gallium Addition on Magnetic Properties of Nd2Fe14B-Based/ α-Fe Nanocomposite Magnets

The influence of Ga addition on the crystallization behavior and the magnetic properties of nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B-based/α-Fe magnets was investigated. It was found that the addition of 0.2% did not change the crystallization temperature of amorphous alloy, but the magnetic properties were improved significantly because of the strong exchange coupling interaction between the hard and soft magnetic phases. The optimum magnetic properties with iHc = 600. 3 kA· m^-1, B r = 0.75 T, and （BH）max = 88.03 kJ· m^-3 were obtained in bonded Nd9.5（FeCoZr）83.8 Ga0.3 B6.5 magnet with 15 m·s^- 1 wheel speed and 670 ℃ annealing treatment. The apparent improvement of magnetic properties originates from the grain refinement calculated using the Scherrer formula from corresponding XRD patterns and the excellent rectangularity of the demagnetization curve.     

Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism with Spilt Cell Technique of Rare Earth Metal on LC4 Al Alloy

A new method of studying the corrosion inhibition mechanism of rare earth metal(REM) on LC4 Al alloy with the spilt cell technique was studied. The principle and experimental method of the spilt cell technique were analyzed. By measuring the change of net-electric current between the two electrodes caused by the change of the amount of oxygen in the solution and the addition of CeCl₃, the influence of corrosive performance of CeCl₃ on LC4 super-power aluminum alloy in the 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ NaCl solution was investigated. Meanwhile, the conditional changes of pH values, CeCl₃ solution, additire and time of performance were also studied. Finally, the features of electrode surface were revealed by using SEM and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). By combining these with other electric chemical techniques, such as potential-time curve, polarization curve et al.     

Speciation of the Fe(II)–Fe(III)–H2SO4–H2O system at 25 and 50 °C

This work presents theoretical and experimental results on the speciation of the Fe(II)–Fe(III)–H₂SO₄–H₂O system in concentrated solutions (up to 2.2 m H₂SO₄ and 1.3 m Fe). The aim was to study the chemical equilibria of iron at 25 and 50 °C in synthetic aqueous sulphuric acid solutions that contain dissolved ferric and ferrous ion species. Raman spectroscopy, volumetric titration and conductivity measurements have been carried out in order to study the presence of specific ions and to characterize the ionic equilibrium. A thermochemical equilibrium model incorporating an extended Debye–Hückel relationship was used to calculate the activities of ionic species in solution. Model calculations were compared with experimental results. Model simulations indicate that anions, cations and neutral complexes coexisted in the studied system, where the dominant species were HSO₄⁻, H⁺, Fe²⁺ and FeH(SO₄)₂⁰. This indicated that these solutions showed a high buffer capacity due to the existence of bisulphate ions (HSO₄⁻), which presented the highest concentration. A decrease in the concentration of H⁺ and Fe³⁺ took place with increasing temperature due to the formation of complex species. Standard equilibrium constants for the formation of FeH(SO₄)₂⁰ were obtained in this work: log K_f⁰ = 8.1 ± 0.3 at 25 °C and 10.0 ± 0.3 at 50 °C.     

Study on Sulfation of CeO2/γ-Al2O3 Sorbent in Simulated Flue Gas

It is well known that sulfur dioxide(SO2) , morethan50%of which arise fromcombustion of fossil fu-els ,are precursors of acidrain andtheir emission pos-es a global threat tothe atmosphere .Environmental a-gencies have ,therefore ,regulated emissions of SO…