Thermal Oxidation Resistance of Rare Earth-Containing Composite Elastomer

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Effect of Yttrium on High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of a Directionally Solidified Superalloy

The effect of rare earth element yttrium on the high temperature oxidation resistance of a directionally solidified Ni-base superalloy was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) techniques. The results show that the oxidation resistance of the alloy is substantially improved by adding proper amount of yttrium.     

稀土Y离子注入对形成不同类型氧化膜合金的高温抗氧化性能的影响

：研究了稀土Ｙ离子注入对ＦｅＣｒ,ＦｅＣｒＡｌ及ＮｉＣｒ合金高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,对于主要形成Ｃｒ２Ｏ３膜的ＦｅＣｒ和ＮｉＣｒ合金,通过离子注入Ｙ可以明显提高其高温抗氧化性能,但对形成Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金,离子注入对合金抗氧化性能没有影响,添加稀土Ｙ则使ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金抗氧化性能大大提高。分析了氧化前、后氧化膜结构变化,认为早期形成的Ｙ２Ｏ３膜对高温氧化时金属离子的扩散有不同的影响     

Effect of Boron and Cerium on Microstructures and Properties of Cu-Fe-P Alloy

The effects of B and Ce on the removal of inclusions, microstructures, and properties of Cu-Fe-P alloys were studied. Certain impurity elements and the microstructures, mechanical properties, and conductivity of four experimental alloys, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.05Ce, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.02B, and Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.05Ce-0. 02B （ %, mass fraction）, were tested and analyzed. Results show that on one hand, B and Ce have a remarkable function of removing S, Pb, and Bi from copper alloys ; on the other hand, the recrystallization temperature of the Cu-Fe-P alloy is considerably increased by adding trace B and Ce, resulting in the combined strengthening effect of precipitation hardening and cold work hardening after cold working and aging, while the negative effect of B and Ce on conductivity is slight. Therefore, a good combination of high strength and conductivity is achieved.     

表面活性剂对钛合金复合微弧氧化膜结构与耐磨性能的影响

为了在钛合金表面制备耐磨性能良好的复合微弧氧化膜层,研究了4种不同类型的表面活性剂对复合六方氮化硼(hBN)固体润滑微粒微弧氧化膜层微观结构及其耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂对复合微弧氧化(MAO)膜层的微观结构和耐磨性能有明显的影响,阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵降低了复合MAO膜层中h BN微粒含量,削弱了膜基结合,因而不利于膜层耐磨性能的改善;非离子型表面活性剂无水乙醇由于挥发性强导致膜层的致密性下降,降低了膜层的耐磨性能;阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠对复合MAO膜层的结构和耐磨性能影响较小;阴离子型表面活性剂羧甲基纤维素钠则有效改善了hBN微粒在电解液中的分散性,进而改善其在MAO膜层中的复合及分布状况,从而明显改进了复合MAO膜层的耐磨性能。     

钛合金的高温抗氧化性及其影响因素分析

综述了影响钛合金高温抗氧化性的因素,主要包括钛合金的组织形态、合金化元素、热暴露温度及时间等,总结了改善钛合金高温抗氧化性的方法是:采用合适的合金化、发展钛铝基金属间化合物、对钛合金成品进行预氧化处理和表面改性处理等,以期在这些理论的指导下采用合理的方法对钛合金及其制品进行处理,从而减少或杜绝钛合金在高温条件下使用过程中因氧化作用而带来的隐患。     

Effects of Y and Ce on Microstructures and Properties of Nb-Si System Composites

The effects of yttrium and cerium on microstructures and properties of Nb-Si system composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy( SEM), energy dispersive spectrum(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high temperature oxidation experiments.It is found that the coarse primary silicide phase became finer and more homogeneous with Y and Ce addition.The results of high temperature oxidation experiments show that the oxidation rates of NbSi system composites with an appropriate amount of Y and Ce decrease compared with those of alloys without Y or Ce addition, and oxidation products mainly distribute along the phase boundaries between the Nb solid solution and silicide.     

Cu—Cr合金的海水耐蚀性及高温抗氧化性

对Cu-Cr合金在不同介质的海水耐蚀性及不同温度的抗氧化性进行了测定。所得结果对Cu-Cr合金的应用具有重要意义。     

An AES Study of Initial Oxidation of Ce-La Alloy at Room Temperature and Low Oxygen Pressure

Auger Electron Spectroscopy was used to characterize the initial stages of the oxidation of Ce-5% La alloy in an oxygen atmosphere at low pressure( ～ 10-6 Pa) and room temperature after the surface is cleaned by Ar ion bombardment.It is shown that exposure of clean cerium to oxygen causes the appearance and development of three new Auger peaks at 97,662 and 676 eV, which steadily grow during oxidation of cerium.Upon oxygen dose less than 20 L,a semi-protective layer of oxide forms on the surface of cerium and its growth follows a logarithmic relationship.With further exposure of oxygen, the oxide film grown in the previous stage becomes thicker and the uptake of oxygen reaches saturation at oxygen exposure of 25 L,and the oxide film mainly consists of Ce2O3.     

Ce对热浸镀铝HP40Nb钢氧化行为及组织的影响研究

通过SEM,EDS和XRD研究了Ce对HP40Nb热浸镀铝层组织结构和高温抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,热浸镀过程中添加质量分数1％Ce促进了镀层外层中Fe2Al5和Fe4Al3Ce相的生成,抑制了内层Fe2Al5相长大;在1 000 ℃/4 h扩散处理过程中,Ce促进了γ向α相的转变以及α相中Ni3Al相的析出,并在渗层内层中生成富Ce相;800C/360 h氧化后,Ce促使渗层外层生成少量Fe2Al5和Cr3Si相,并使渗层外层组织均匀致密;1000℃/360 h氧化后,Ce促使α相长大导致渗层中生成大量的σ相.800℃氧化实验发现1％Ce使渗层组织致密,提高了渗层高温抗氧化性;1 000℃氧化实验发现1％Ce促进了渗层中σ相的生成,阻碍了Al原子的内扩散,保证了氧化过程中渗层表面生成α - Al2O3所需铝含量.     

铝对HP40合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

 采用增重法研究了w(Al)=5%~10%的HP40合金在1 200 ℃×30 h空气中的抗氧化性能。结果表明,铝可显著提高合金的高温抗氧化性能,而且合金的高温抗氧化性能随铝含量增加而提高。1 200 ℃时,合金氧化增重与氧化时间的关系呈抛物线规律,氧化速率随氧化时间延长而逐渐下降。加入铝,改变了合金氧化膜层的物相组成和致密度,含铝合金的氧化层中含有Al2O3,而且Al2O3量随铝加入量增加而增多。     

Effect of Si Content and Temperature on Oxidation Resistance of Fe-Si Alloys

Hot-rolled Fe-(0.75-2.20)Si(mass%)alloys were oxidized in dry air at 600-1200 ℃.The oxidation process was carried out by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).At 600-1150 ℃,oxidation gain curves were approximately parabolic.Electron probe microanalysis(EPMA)was applied to investigate cross-section morphology of oxide layer and element distribution across the layer.At lower temperature of 700℃,the oxide layer consisted of internal oxidation zone(IOZ),inner Si-rich layer(conglomerate of fayalite and magnetite)and outer hematite layer,while at higher temperature of 1200℃,fayalite and wustite were observed in external oxide scale.Liquidus temperature of fayalite was detected by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Through comparing the oxidation mass gain and parabolic rate constant of the alloys,it was found that oxidation resistance of Fe-Si alloy was enhanced by increasing Si content below 1150 ℃ while increasing Si content of the alloy resulted in higher oxidation rate above 1150 ℃ owing to the liquid fayalite formation.     

In—Situ FTIR Study on Effect of Lathanum on Oxidation Mechanism of Methanol Automobile Exhaust on Supported Palladium Catalyst

The performance of severe oxidation of methanol on 0.1%Pd supported on alumina was studied by a combined device of chromatograph-micro reactor,The results show that the addition of La intoγAl2O3as support can affect the performance of Pd catalyst greatly.By using Pd catalyst comtaining La in methanol oxidation,thouhg,the ignition temperature is not lower than than by using Pd catalyst,the presence of La does suppress the formation of oxygenic intermediates,The results by in-situ FTIR show that the presence of La in the support affects the adsorbed specties and hence the mechanism of severe oxidation of methanol on Pd catalyst.     

铝对310S耐热钢高温抗氧化性能的影响研究

采用增重法研究了通过WS-4非自耗真空电弧炉制备的w(Al)为2%～10%的310S耐热钢在1 200℃×30h空气中的抗氧化性能.用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了氧化层的表面形貌,X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了氧化膜层的相组成.研究表明:加人铝后显著提高了310S钢的高温抗氧化性能,且310S钢的高温抗氧化性能随着铝含量的增...     

Effect of Ce^＋ Ion Implantation upon Oxidation Resistance of Superalloy K38G

The addition of small quantities of reactive ele ments (RE) or other elements with high oxygen affini ty, usually in the order of 0 1%~0 2% mass frac tion, will result in a beneficial effect on the oxidationresistance to superalloys[1~4].A number of mechanisms have been proposed toexplain the beneficial effect of RE additions on theCr2O3 forming alloys, including physical blocking byRE ions or second phase particles at grain boundaries,pegging effect between the oxide and the …     

Effect of Yttrium Addition on Microstructures and Room Temperature Tensile Properties of Ti-47Al Alloy

The microstructures and room temperature tensile properties of a series of Ti-47Al-xY （x = 0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% and 1.0%（atom fraction）） were investigated systemically. Results show that both the grain size and lamellar spacing decrease remarkably with the increase of Y content. When the content of Y is greater than 0.1%, most of the Y elements accumulate along the grain boundaries and some fine particles are uniformly dispersed within the grains in the form of YAl2 compound because of the low solubility and segregation of Y in TiAl alloys. Grain-boundary seg- regation of Y element is more prominent with the increase of Y addition. Good tensile properties are obtained when Y addition ranges from 0.3 % to 0.5 %. The refinement of grain and lamellar structures and dispersion of YAl2 within the grains contribute to the improvement of tensile properties. On the other hand, for high Y-added alloys （over 0.5% Y）, tensile properties are obviously deteriorated due to brittle cleavage fracture of the coarse YAl2 network.     

Effect of Cerium on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of ZZn4-1 Alloy

ＺＡａｌｌｏｙｓｂｅｌｏｎｇｔｏｃａｓｔｚｉｎｃａｌｌｏｙｆａｍｉｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｂｙＣａｎａｄｉａｎａｎｄＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓｉｎｍｉｄ1970ｓ.ＺＡａｌｌｏｙｓａｒｅｏｆｇｏｏｄｃａｓｔｉｎｇａｎｄｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｎｄａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｉｅｌｄｓ[1].ＨｙｐｏｅｕｔｅｃｔｉｃＺＺｎ41ａｌｌｏｙ,ａｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆＺＡａｌｌｏｙｆａｍｉｌｙ,ｉｓｏｆｇｏｏｄｃａｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｔｈｕｓｉ…     

Effect of Cerium on Microstructure and Electrochemical Performance of Ti-V-Cr-Ni Electrode Alloy

Effect of cerium on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the Ti0.25V0.35-xCexCr0.1Ni0.3（x=0,0.005）electrode alloy was investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry（FESEM-EDS）,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）measurements.On the basis of XRD and FESEM-EDS analysis,the alloy was mainly composed of V-based solid solution with body-centered-cubic structure and TiNi-based secondary phase.Ce did not exist in two phases,instead,it existed as Ce-rich small white particles,with irregular edges,distributed near the grain boundaries of the V-based solid solution phase.Discharge capacity,cycle stability,and high-rate discharge ability of the alloy electrode were effectively improved with the addition of Ce at 293 K.It was very surprising that the charge retention was abnormal with larger discharge capacity after standing at the open circuit for 24 h.EIS indicated that addition of Ce improved the dynamic performance,which caused the charge transfer resistance（RT）to decrease and exchange current density（I0）to increase markedly.The exchange current density of the electrochemical reaction on the alloy surface with Ce addition was about 2.07 and 3.10 times larger than that of the alloy without Ce at 303 and 343 K,respectively.The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen（D）in the bulk alloy electrode decreased with addition of Ce,but it did not decrease so much,and the apparent activation energy（△rH）was far higher than that of the AB5 type alloy.     

Crofer22 APU铁素体不锈钢的氧化行为研究

 Crofer22 APU铁素体不锈钢是固体燃料电池连接体的备选材料之一。通过增重法研究了Crofer22 APU铁素体不锈钢在800℃空气中的抗高温氧化动力学,并结合X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）等手段,对氧化膜的形貌和组成进行了分析。结果发现,Crofer22 APU 铁素体不锈钢在800℃下 0~100h 的平均氧化速率为0.032g/（m2·h）;100~450h的平均氧化速率为0.0091g/（m2·h）;450~550h的平均氧化速率为50×10-4g/（m2·h）。氧化膜分为内外两层,内层主要是含SiO2的氧化物,外层主要是含Cr2O3的氧化物。