一种新型溢流坝面结构的消能效果数值模拟研究

针对高坝水头高、下泄水流能量大而传统坝体消能效果较差、工程下游河道冲刷严重的问题,设计研发了一种包含分道挑流结构的新型溢流坝面,采用Flow-3D软件对其挑流消能效果进行水动力数值模拟,并与传统溢流坝面结构消能效果进行对比分析。结果表明,新型溢流坝面结构通过改变下泄水流流态分布,能有效降低水流流速,减小对下游河道的冲刷,为大坝高效挑流消能提供了新思路。     

旬阳钟家坪水电站溢流坝的面流消能设计与试验

研究了旬阳钟家坪水电站溢流坝的面流消能问题,通过分析确定了合理的溢流坝跌坎高度、鼻坎挑角和反弧半径等参数,并对下游水面线、水面波动和流速分布等情况进行了试验研究,为面流消能设计提供了依据,保证了设计的可靠性。     

阳江抽水蓄能电站上库溢流坝消能试验研究

针对阳江抽水蓄能电站上库溢流坝具有高水头、坝址河床狭窄、坡度陡峭等特点,通过水力模型试验研究优化了溢流坝及其消能工体型,解决了溢流坝的消能问题。试验表明:①溢流坝采用“坝面削角阶梯 底流消力池”的联合消能方案后,增大了溢流坝面水流的消能率,解决了溢流坝泄流与下游消力池衔接的问题;②消力池内设置T型消力墩,缩短了水跃长度和池长;③消力池下游采用阶梯状的二道坝与下游河床连接,减轻了泄流对下游河床的冲刷。     

台山核电厂淡水水源工程水库溢流坝消能试验研究

以台山核电厂淡水水源工程为例,通过水力模型试验研究,推荐溢流坝采用宽尾墩+坝面削角阶梯+底流消力池的联合消能方案.试验结果表明,该方案消能效果较显著、工程量小,优化了溢流坝工程布置和体型.     

某溢流坝下游泄洪消能防冲布置优化研究

为优化分析某溢流坝泄洪消能防冲布置形式,运用数值模拟的方法,建立溢流坝挑流消能及下游防冲的三维数值模型,根据工程特点,在前期物理模型试验成果的基础上,拟定多种下游消能防冲优化布置方案并进行数值模拟计算。计算结果表明,将原方案水垫塘预挖冲坑的下游斜坡改为垂直挡墙结构形式,能有效改善下游水流流态,降低预挖坑后的流速大小、均化流速分布,降低护坦处的压强,提高消力塘的消能效果,可减小对护坦及下游河床、岸坡的冲刷影响,可为类似工程设计提供参考。     

等壳水电站泄洪建筑物优化设计

新型消能工较好的利用了水力学基本原理．取得了很好的消能效果。宽尾墩＋阶梯溢流坝＋消力池消能即是现阶段表孔溢洪道消能常采用的形式之一。研究了在河道地形受限条件下。底孔不同挑坎形式对消能效果、水力衔接及工程下游河道冲刷情况的影响。     

拱坝弧形分流墩鼻坎优化试验研究

针对某工程挑流消能对下游河道冲刷破坏严重的问题,采用水工模型试验方法,提出在表孔反弧段增加弧形分流墩的优化方案来解决消能问题。通过对优化前后两种方案的试验数据对比,深入分析了不同工况下弧形分流墩过流时的水流流态和对下游的冲刷特性。结果表明,弧形分流墩方案的溢流坝表面流速稳定,未出现负压,过流能力良好;弧形墩能较好地分散水流,控制水舌的入水方向,使水流在空中发生横向碰撞,消能效果明显。     

高重力坝坝面分流消能工的模型试验研究

为了解决宽尾墩应用于高重力坝时经其拉伸后的水流在入水时纵向集中的问题,提出了一种坝面分流消能工,通过模型试验的方法研究了反弧段和消力池内的水力特性。结果表明,坝面上间隔布置渐扩挑坎,在挑坎之间形成窄缝,能使坝面上的水流一部分经挑坎以挑流的形式进入消力池靠近中部的区域消能,而另一部分水流继续流经坝面,由挑坎之间的窄缝沿竖向拉伸后进入消力池的前部消能,能达到分散分区消能的效果。这种布置型式水流的拉伸效果良好,利用消力池更广的区域进行消能反弧段和消力池的压强均较小。     

溢流重力坝拟定剖面尺寸的若干问题

溢流重力坝是最广泛采用的坝型之一。为了减少坝体工程量，加大流量系数，本文就ＷＥＳ剖面曲线形式，挑流消能在不同挑角下坝高Ｐ１／Ｈ与挑距Ｌ／Ｈ的关系，以及面流和底流消能的堰面尺寸进行了讨论。介绍了用迭代法求解收缩断面水深，以便确定底流消能的有关尺寸。此外，还介绍了遇有完整基岩和软弱结构面时齿墙尺寸的确定。     

益洪道陡槽弯道设置导流墙对挑流消能的影响

为验证溢洪道陡槽弯道设置导流墙对挑流消能效果的影响,以某水库为例,对弯曲溢洪道进行水工模型试验,对比了溢洪道陡槽弯道设置导流墙前后挑流流态、冲坑淘刷形态和消能率,评价了导流墙对挑流消能效果的优化作用.试验结果表明,溢洪道陡槽弯道设置导流墙使水流流态分布均匀、冲刷坑面积及深度减小且对称分布,消能效果更好.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996