多通道压力传感器多参数自动测试系统设计

设计了一种压力传感器自动测试系统,可实现对多路传感器和多个参数的自动切换测量.通过设计的多功能矩阵开关电路配合一台高精度数据采集器,实现选通切换与测量;采用LabVIEW设计上位机软件,实现标定数据、温度补偿数据、时漂数据显示以及计算、报表功能.实验证明：该系统可同时进行90只压力传感器的桥路电压、电阻、电流等参数测量,满足精度为1％～0.1％压力传感器批量产品检测与检定的多种测试需要.     

无线扭矩-转速传感器在传动轴测试中的应用

设计了一种应变式无线扭矩传感器,同时集成了转速测量功能,在测量传动轴扭矩时,同时能准确的测量出转速。该传感器节点内置独立的高精度桥路电阻和放大调理电路,可以通过上位机软件,实现1/4桥、1/2桥、全桥测量方式的自动切换,兼容了各种类型的桥路传感器。节点通过无线数字信号传输,将测得的应变及转速值无线发送到上位机数据测试系统,该传输方式消除了传统采用的长电缆传输带来的噪声干扰,使得整个测量系统具有很高的测量精度和很强的抗干扰能力。通过工程实际应用,测试结果显示,本无线扭矩-转速传感器稳定可靠。     

高精度硅压阻式气压计设计

针对硅压阻式气压传感器因温漂、离散性大而使其应用受限的问题,设计了一种高精度硅压阻式数字气压计。该气压计采用全温度范围的曲面拟合算法进行温度补偿和线性化处理,解决了硅压阻式气压传感器的温漂和非线性问题;在ATmega88PA微控制器内采用软件实现压力数据的温度补偿,并通过RS485接口将数据发送给上位机。测试结果表明,在-40～+60℃范围内,该气压计测量误差在0.50‰以内,满足设计要求。     

基于ZigBee无线传输的倾角传感器网络

应用ZigBee传感器节点的硬件和软件以及上位机软件研制了一种无线倾角传感器网络系统.采用了二次温度补偿解决温度对测量精度的影响,并对无线网络的功耗进行了优化处理.实验表明:该系统的测量精度达到了±0.01°(倾角测量范围为±3 °),数据采集间隔为1次/s时,平均电流仅为0.21 mA,达到了高精度低功耗的设计要求.     

应变式传感器补偿装置

应变式传感器生产过程中,重要的一个环节是传感器的补偿,包括零点补偿、温度补偿、弹性模量补偿、灵敏度参数调整等.国内传感器厂家主张0.03级、0.02级的传感器每只都要做温度补偿,包括灵敏度随温度变化的补偿.商业电子秤的敏感元——应变式传感器基本上都是5～60kg,准确度为0.03级、0.02级,必需做灵敏度随温度变化的补偿.电子秤用称重传感器全国需求量近亿只,如果采用单只传感器补偿装置,将严重影响生产率的提高.为满足传感器生产的需要,笔者研制了应变式传感器补偿装置,解决了生产中多只传感器补偿问题.应变式传感器补偿装置是综合试验装置,由高低温试验箱和静重式力发生装置组成,其技术指标是:     

主从式测量系统中传感器标定方案的研究及实现

针对主从式测量系统中传感器的标定问题,提出从上位机软件进行标定的方案,着重分析软件标定的数据采集及处理过程,并根据标定直线及标定常数的数值判定是否需要进行原点补偿。实验证明,从上位机软件角度对传感器进行标定更加简单方便,并且降低了对生产线标定人员的专业知识要求,该方法适合应用于工业现场对传感器进行标定,有较高的实际应用价值。     

基于Arduino+LabVIEW的高精度超声波测距系统设计

针对现场远程高精度测距的要求,提出了采用开源硬件Arduino和虚拟仪器LabVIEW通过无线通信测距的方法.下位机通过Arduino控制器对温度及距离进行测量并发送数据,上位机对无线接收的数据进行温度补偿算法处理以提高测量精度.测试结果表明,本系统在不同环境温度下测量时能准确修正数据,提高了测量精度,有一定实用推广价值.     

硅压阻式气压高度计的设计与实现

采用硅压阻式压力传感器,以ATmega88PA为控制器设计了气压高度计。内嵌全温度范围的曲面拟合算法进行温度补偿及线性化处理,解决了压力传感器的温漂和非线性问题,并用海拔高度与气压的关系计算高度。测量结果通过RS-485接口发送给上位机。测试结果表明,该气压高度计压力测量误差优于0.50‰,分辨率为0.01 h Pa,线性度为0.999 9;标准大气环境下高度测量误差为0.16 m,线性度为0.999 8。该气压高度计具有质量小、功耗低、精度高、工作可靠等优点。     

基于STM32的高精度柔性多轴运动控制系统设计

针对多台高精度直线电机组成的柔性夹持系统缺乏多轴控制器的问题，文中提出一种可以同时控制多台直线电机实现高精度定位、柔性夹持易碎物品、具备上位机界面和总线通信控制功能的多轴运动控制系统。该装置由主控制器、上位机软件、直线电机和.伺服电机、步进电机以及运动结构部件组成。主控制器由STM32F103VET6芯片与外围器件构成。光栅尺传感器产生位置信号分辨率达到05μm实现高精度控制。主控输出PWM控制I信号由驱动器放大并驱动直线电机运行，电流传感器监测负载变化情况结合控制算法实现柔性控制。主控程序逻辑包括多轴运动控制、PD算法控制、电流监测、RS232上位机通信和CAN总线多联机通信模块。通过CAN总线进行多联机协同运动控制，上位机软件实时监测和控制全部参数。该系统可以有效解决多台高精度直线电机协同控制的问题，本文阐述了该系统的框架及实现原理。     

分散式多参数无线监测设计与实现

传统多点多参数的数据采集以人工测量为主，存在成本高，工作量大，难以实时采集等问题。针对以上问题，提出一种分散式多参数无线监测方案。方案采用传感器和LoRa数传电台为监测终端网络，采用C#开发上位机软件，上位机通过TCP/IP协议代替串口与LoRa数传电台通信，监测终端网络，与上位机通过LoRa数传电台实现无线通信。以温度、湿度及CO₂浓度的采集为例，设计实验以验证方案可行性。实验结果表明，系统运行正常，该方案能够实现对上述参数的自动采集、实时监测和可视化。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.