3种天然保鲜剂对凤尾菇的保鲜效果

目的:研究肉桂精油、壳聚糖和抗坏血酸3种天然保鲜剂对凤尾菇储藏过程中的保鲜效果。方法:以新鲜凤尾菇为研究对象,分别采用不同浓度肉桂精油、壳聚糖和抗坏血酸对凤尾菇进行处理,结合感官评价找出3种保鲜液的最佳浓度,并研究不同浓度保鲜剂的凤尾菇在5 ℃贮藏过程中感官评价、呼吸强度、褐变度和腐烂指数的变化规律。接着通过正交试验,以3种不同浓度的保鲜剂为考察因素,感官评价与失重率为指标,选出保鲜效果最佳的复合保鲜剂配方。结果:单一涂膜处理时,肉桂精油1.5 g/L、壳聚糖15 g/L和抗坏血酸1.0 g/L具有最好的保鲜效果。最佳的复合保鲜剂配方为,肉桂精油浓度为1.0 g/L、壳聚糖浓度为15 g/L和抗坏血酸浓度为1.0 g/L,该复合保鲜液处理凤尾菇贮藏9 d,感官评分为(78±3)分,失重率为6.98%±0.43%。结论:此复合保鲜液对凤尾菇的保鲜能起到更明显的效果,贮藏期间凤尾菇的品质和色泽均较好。     

肉桂精油-玉米淀粉基抗菌膜的制备及其性能

为研究新型抗菌降解包装材料,筛选肉桂精油等4?种植物精油,以玉米淀粉、壳聚糖和魔芋葡甘露聚糖为成膜基质,甘油为增塑剂,吐温-80为表面活性剂,研究肉桂精油添加对复合膜机械性能、光学性能、阻水性能和抑菌性能的影响。结果表明：4?种精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门菌的抗菌活性依次为肉桂精油＞牛至精油＞百里香精油＞迷迭香精油。随着肉桂精油质量浓度增加,复合膜的抗拉强度和水蒸气透过系数降低,断裂伸长率和不透明度升高。当肉桂精油质量浓度在15.0～20.0?g/L时,复合膜色泽指数a*值无明显差异（P＞0.05）,L*值显著降低,b*值和ΔE值显著增加（P＜0.05）。添加肉桂精油显著提高了玉米淀粉基膜的抗菌能力（P＜0.05）,精油与吐温-80相互作用对革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌具有协同作用,而对革兰氏阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌具有拮抗作用。当肉桂精油质量浓度为20.0?g/L时,膜具有较好的物理性能和抗菌效果。本研究可为肉桂精油-玉米淀粉基可降解抗菌膜生产工艺参数的进一步优化提供参考。     

肉桂精油抗菌膜的制备及应用

采用肉桂精油、木薯淀粉和壳聚糖为复合膜配方,以抗拉强度、断裂伸长率和水蒸气透过系数为指标,通过正交试验确定复合膜的最佳配方;其次进行肉桂精油最小抑菌浓度试验,最后对确定的配方复合膜进行表征测定,并以红提为原料,进行涂膜保鲜试验。结果表明:当木薯淀粉与壳聚糖的质量比为7︰5,甘油量为30%,热处理温度为50℃,苹果酸量为1.25%时,复合涂膜配方性能最好。肉桂精油最小抑菌浓度为0.68 mL/100 mL,将其添加入膜。感官评价结果表明复合膜对红提具有一定保水、抗菌作用。     

复合精油涂层对干腌火腿抑菌及抗氧化作用的影响

以猪油和淀粉为抗氧化涂层基料、山苍子精油和肉桂精油为抑菌及抗氧化剂制备涂层材料,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究不同山苍子精油和肉桂精油配比、复合精油添加量和强化高温成熟温度对火腿半膜肌的抗氧化及抑菌作用。结果表明:当山苍子精油和肉桂精油配比为1∶0.5~1∶2(m/m)、复合精油添加量为0.03%~0.05%(以涂层基料总质量计)时,复合精油涂层对火腿半膜肌的脂质氧化、菌落总数及霉菌数均有较好的抑制作用;在山苍子精油和肉桂精油配比为1∶1、复合精油添加量为0.05%、强化高温成熟温度为35℃的最佳工艺条件下,火腿半膜肌的硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARs)值为0.549 mg MDA/kg、霉菌数为1.341(lg(CFU/g))、菌落总数为3.662(lg(CFU/g)),与未涂层组相比分别降低了24.0%、43.4%和31.1%。可见复合精油涂层能显著降低火腿半膜肌的脂质氧化程度、抑制微生物的生长。     

植物精油对黄瓜贮藏效果的影响

以黄瓜炭疽病菌为实验材料,采用菌丝生长法,研究了13种植物精油的抑菌活性,并以黄瓜为实验材料,采用植物精油联合壳聚糖处理(10 g/L壳聚糖+0.05%桂皮精油、10 g/L壳聚糖+0.05%丁香精油、10 g/L壳聚糖+0.05%牛至精油,0.05%精油均为体积分数)黄瓜,通过测定贮藏期黄瓜各项品质指标,研究不同处理对黄瓜贮藏效果的影响。结果显示,桂皮、丁香、牛至等13种植物精油体积分数为0.006 3%～0.4%时,对黄瓜炭疽病菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其中,对黄瓜炭疽病菌的抑制作用最强的分别为桂皮、牛至和丁香,其最小抑菌浓度分别为0.012 5%、0.012 5%、0.05%,在体积分数为0.05%时,3种精油即均可达到完全抑制。植物精油联合壳聚糖处理黄瓜,对黄瓜的失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物、VC、叶绿素含量控制均有效果,其中10 g/L壳聚糖+0.05%丁香精油对黄瓜贮藏的效果最佳,能有效延长黄瓜的贮藏期,延缓黄瓜品质的下降。     

壳聚糖-肉桂精油可食膜的制备及其对酱卤牛肉保鲜的研究

以壳聚糖为材料,通过添加肉桂精油对膜的性能进行修饰,制备了不同肉桂精油含量的可食膜,研究精油浓度对可食膜物理表征的影响,同时将肉桂精油可食膜应用于酱卤牛肉保鲜中。结果表明:肉桂精油的添加量对可食膜的表征有明显的影响,其中8%的可食膜性能指标最好,其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、透水气率和溶胀指数分别为(114.9±1.0)MPa、(4.67±0.15)%、(0.353±0.028)(mg·mm·k Pa-1·h-1·m-2)、(0.701±0.019)。用不同精油浓度的可食膜和保鲜膜分别包装酱卤牛肉(4℃),在贮藏期9d内测定酱卤牛肉的失水率、挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数的变化。结果表明:与传统的保鲜膜相比,壳聚糖肉桂精油可食膜对酱卤牛肉具有更好的保鲜效果。     

明胶-壳聚糖-肉桂精油天然涂膜液的制备及其抑菌效果研究

采用自组装法制备明胶-壳聚糖-肉桂精油天然涂膜液,以天然涂膜液的粒径及其对肉桂精油的包埋率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验确定制备天然涂膜液的最佳工艺,并采用抑菌圈法研究该天然涂膜液的抑菌效果.结果表明,制备天然涂膜液的最佳工艺为明胶质量浓度6 mg/mL,壳聚糖质量浓度3 mg/mL,肉桂精油质量浓度3 m...     

壳聚糖、姜紫苏提取液涂膜应用于烤制兔腿保鲜

研究了天然保鲜剂壳聚糖与姜紫苏混合提取液维持烤兔腿品质和延长其货架期的作用效果。分别以不同质量浓度壳聚糖(Ch 0.5 g/d L,Ch 1 g/d L)、不同体积分数姜紫苏提取液(Gp5%,Gp 10%)和两者的复配保鲜液(Mix1:Ch 1 g/d L+Gp 10%(体积分数),Mix2:Ch 0.5 g/d L+Gp5%(体积分数))浸泡涂膜处理烤制兔腿,并检测4℃冷藏烤兔腿16 d贮藏期内的p H值、TVB-N值、POV值、TBA值、菌落总数和感官评分的动态变化。结果表明,经保鲜剂涂膜处理的烤兔腿在储藏期间的p H值、TVB-N值、POV值、TBA值、菌落总数均较对照组低;壳聚糖具有比姜紫苏提取液更优的抗菌作用,而姜紫苏提取液具有比壳聚糖更强的抗氧化作用和对烤兔腿色泽的保护作用;壳聚糖和姜紫苏提取液的复配在抗菌和抗氧化性能上具有协同作用,且浓度越高抗菌及抗氧化效果越优;但高浓度复配保鲜液Mix1使样品气味可接受性稍有降低。复配保鲜液Mix2可延长烤兔腿的保鲜期至第16天,且烤兔腿具有较好的气味品质。     

壳聚糖-肉桂精油复合膜对鲜切雪莲果保鲜效果的影响

研究1.5%的壳聚糖和不同浓度的肉桂精油制成复合涂膜,在低温条件(4℃)下对鲜切雪莲果保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:适量浓度的壳聚糖-肉桂精油复合保鲜液能够降低鲜切雪莲果的失重率,减缓还原糖和维生素C含量下降速度,抑制多酚氧化酶活性和褐变强度,延长鲜切雪莲果的保质期。其中以1.5%壳聚糖+0.4%肉桂精油复合保鲜液处理鲜切雪莲果效果最佳贮藏6 d,仍具有良好的新鲜度。     

茴香精油对4℃下鲜切苋菜贮藏品质的影响

该文研究不同植物精油(牛至精油、茴香精油、肉桂精油)对鲜切苋菜保鲜效果的影响。依据预实验货架期结果,经过不同添加量(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6μL/mL)的牛至精油、茴香精油和肉桂精油处理(共54组)筛选得到茴香精油添加量为0.3和0.4μL/mL货架期效果最佳。在初步筛选实验的基础上,以茴香精油添加量为0.3、0.35、0.4μL/mL为实验组。然后通过总菌实验结合理化指标、抗氧化酶活性指标,研究不同添加量茴香精油对鲜切苋菜品质的影响。结果表明,0.35μL/mL茴香精油对鲜切苋菜采后保鲜作用最好,有利于苋菜采后叶绿素含量、维生素C含量的保持,降低了质量损失率,提升了抗氧化能力,对鲜切苋菜抑菌效果最佳,可延长货架期3～4 d。     

Effect of chitosan coatings enriched with cinnamon oil on the quality of refrigerated rainbow trout

The effects of a chitosan (Ch) coating enriched with cinnamon oil (Ch + C) on quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) were examined over a period of 16 days. A solution of Ch (2%, w/v) and Ch + C (2%, w/v Ch + 1.5%, v/v C) was used for the coating. The control and the coated fish samples were analysed periodically for microbiological (total viable count, psychrotrophic count), chemical (TVB-N, PV, TBA), and sensory (raw and cooked fish) characteristics. The results indicated that the effect of the Ch + C coating on the fish samples was to enable the good quality characteristics to be retained longer and to extend the shelf life during the refrigerated storage.     

Effects of chitosan coating combined with essential oils on quality and antioxidant enzyme activities of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets stored at 4 °C

Effects of chitosan coating combined with essential oils from clove, cinnamon and lemon grass on quality and antioxidant enzyme activities of grass carp fillets stored at 4 ± 0.5 °C were evaluated. The quality parameters (including pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), K value, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, shear force and total viable count (TVC)) and antioxidant enzyme activities were analysed periodically. The results indicated that composite chitosan coatings presented better preservation effects than chitosan coating alone. In addition, chitosan–clove essential oil coating had the best quality enhancement effects among treatments by inhibiting deterioration of physicochemical quality and microbial growth and maintaining antioxidant enzyme activities of fillets during refrigerated storage. The negative correlation was observed between the changes in TBA values and antioxidant enzyme activities in fillets. Based on these findings, chitosan–essential oil coatings effectively mitigated oxidative stress and extended shelf life of refrigerated grass carp fillets.     

鲢鱼皮改性明胶复合多肽锌对草鱼的保鲜作用

研究鲢鱼皮谷氨酰胺转胺酶（transglutaminase,TGase）改性明胶复合多肽锌对冷藏草鱼段的保鲜效果。通过测定草鱼段在4 ℃冷藏过程中感官评分、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）、挥发性盐基氮（totalvolatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）、pH值和菌落总数等指标,评估不同处理条件下草鱼品质的变化情况。结果表明,改性明胶及其复合多肽锌对草鱼均有明显的防腐保鲜作用,有效抑制了草鱼TBA值、TVB-N值、pH值的升高以及菌落总数的增长。与海藻酸钠多肽锌处理的涂膜组草鱼相比,改性明胶单独涂膜组的保鲜效果与之相当,而改性明胶复合多肽锌膜组在贮藏前6 d的保鲜效果明显比海藻酸钠复合多肽锌组更好,一级及二级鲜度贮藏期均比海藻酸钠多肽锌复合组延长了3 d。因此,与海藻胶相比,改性鱼皮明胶是一种良好的涂膜材料,可以有效提高水产品的保质期。     

Edible Antimicrobial Coating Incorporating a Polymeric Iron Chelator and Its Application in the Preservation of Surimi Product

To explore a novel efficient method in food preservation, edible zein coating which incorporates a polymeric chelator was developed and its preservative effect on commercially manufactured fish balls was investigated. The quality indicators of the fish ball during the storage, including sensory quality, total bacterial count, total basic volatile nitrogen (TVB-N) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and pH value were determined. It has been demonstrated that a zein film containing a polymeric chelator significantly (P?<?0.05) improves the sensory properties, retards the growth of spoilage bacteria, and decreases TVB-N and TBARS values. The increase of the microbial load of fish balls coated with antimicrobial zein during a 16-day refrigeration storage period was less than 1 log cfu/g, while the microbial load increased to about 5 log cfu/g for the control group lacking the coating treatment. Although statistically significant differences in the pH values were not observed between coated and uncoated fish balls (P?>?0.05), fish balls coated with antimicrobial zein maintained a relatively stable state during storage. Zein coating which incorporates a polymeric chelator extends fish ball shelf life to 19 days at 4 °C, being more efficient than zein coating lacking a polymeric chelator (13 days). Clearly, polymeric chelator-incorporated zein film could find application in the preservation of surimi products by preventing the growth of bacteria and oxidation of fat during storage.     

Influence of chitosan/clay functional bionanocomposite activated with rosemary essential oil on the shelf life of fresh silver carp

A combination of chitosan biopolymer, nanoclay and rosemary essential oil was prepared as a functional bionanocomposite (FBN). Its ability to improve the shelf life of refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) silver carp fillets was studied. The fresh fillets were left untreated as a control or coated with chitosan, chitosan/clay bionanocomposite and chitosan/clay/rosemary essential oil (Ch/clay/REO) FBN. Then, they were evaluated for chemical, microbial and sensory properties over 16‐day storage. The samples coated with the FBN had the lowest pH and total volatile basic nitrogen. Ch/clay/REO coating efficiently retarded lipid oxidation by decreasing peroxide, free fatty acid and thiobarbituric acid production in the samples. The coating also reduced total viable and psychrotrophic count of the fillets more than 1.5 log by the end of storage.     

Effect of gelatin coating incorporated with cinnamon oil on the quality of fresh rainbow trout in cold storage

Cinnamon essential oil was used in gelatin coatings to maintain the quality of refrigerated rainbow trout fillets over a period of 20 days. Fish fillets were coated with a solution of 4% gelatin incorporated with cinnamon essential oil and then stored in refrigerator (4 ± 1 °C). Coating’s preservative effect was assessed periodically (every 5 days) by microbial analyses (aerobic plate count and psychrotrophic count), chemical determinations (total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acid) and sensory characteristics. When gelatin coating with cinnamon applied to the preservation of trout fillets, a reduction in the growth of total bacteria was observe after 15 days of storage. Fish fillets with gelatin coating containing 1%, 1.5% and 2% v/v cinnamon oil produced significantly lower (P < 0.05) total volatile basic nitrogen then gelatin‐coated fillets and control until 15 days of storage period (35, 22.86, 30.33, 57.76 and 53.26 mg per 100 g of fillet, respectively). The obtained results indicate that gelatin in the form of coating enriched with cinnamon oil is suitable for the preservation of rainbow trout fresh fillets and to efficiently maintain the quality attributes to an acceptable level during storage.     

普鲁兰多糖在草鱼鱼肉保鲜中的应用

探讨普鲁兰多糖溶液对草鱼鱼肉的保鲜效果。以pH值、感官质量评价、细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮和过氧化值等为鲜度指标,鱼块经不同浓度的普鲁兰多糖溶液处理5min后,于模拟常温(25℃)贮藏,测定不同时间点其鲜度的变化。结果表明：普鲁兰多糖溶液对鱼肉有明显的保鲜效果,经0.50%多糖溶液处理的鱼肉,在模拟常温条件下贮藏12h后细菌总数和TVB-N值分别为2.15×105CFU/g和19.74mg/l00g,均低于淡水产品二级鲜度的要求,保鲜效果最好。     

气调包装对大菱鲆的冷藏保鲜效果

以大菱鲆为研究对象,通过不同气调包装（60% CO2＋5% O2＋35% N2、60% CO2＋30% O2＋10% N2、40% CO2＋30% O2＋30% N2）进行处理,测定其感官、菌落总数、pH值、挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）值、硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）值、汁液流失率等指标变化,综合评价气调包装对冷藏大菱鲆的保鲜效果。结果表明：空气包装组大菱鲆冷藏货架期为4 d,60% CO2＋5% O2＋35% N2气调包装组的保鲜效果最佳,货架期约为8 d;气调包装中高体积分数的CO2抑菌效果较为明显,能有效延缓pH值、菌落总数与TVB-N值的升高,但较高含量的CO2会导致鱼肉汁液流失较为严重;在鱼肉脂肪氧化方面,O2较CO2作用更大,高含量的O2对脂肪氧化具有一定促进作用;60% CO2＋5% O2＋35% N2气调包装组冷藏贮存8 d,大菱鲆的菌落总数为6.69（lg（CFU/g））,TVB-N值为11.99 mg/100 g,TBA值为2.34 mg/100 g。总体结果表明,气调包装能显著延长冷藏大菱鲆货架期,具有良好的保鲜抑菌作用。     

草鱼和鲢鱼鱼糕品质及其微冻特性

测定草鱼和鲢鱼鱼糕的营养成分,以及在－2℃贮藏期间的硬度、弹性、持水性、白度、细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量和硫代巴比妥酸还原值(TBARS)的变化。结果表明：鲢鱼鱼糕的蛋白质含量明显高于草鱼鱼糕(P＜0.05),水分、脂肪和灰分含量无显著性差异(P＞0.05);持水性和弹性都随微冻时间的延长而下降,硬度和白度则呈现先上升后下降的趋势;微冻过程中,细菌总数、TVB-N含量、TBARS值逐渐增加。微冻和真空包装相结合可以使草鱼和鲢鱼鱼糕保质期达到56d以上。     

双频超声联合柠檬酸处理对大黄鱼冷藏期间品质变化的影响

为探究双频超声（dual-frequency ultrasound,DUS）和柠檬酸（citric acid,CA）联合处理对大黄鱼冷藏期间品质变化的影响,分别采用无菌蒸馏水（CK组）,20/28 kHz、175 W DUS(DUS组),质量浓度8.0 g/L CA(CA组),DUS联合CA(DUS+CA组)处理新鲜大黄鱼片10 min。将4组样品处理后沥干,放入无菌袋中置于4℃条件下冷藏,每2 d进行微生物（菌落总数、嗜冷菌数）、理化（质构分析、色差、pH值、总挥发性盐基氮含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值）和水分迁移（持水力、低场核磁共振、核磁共振成像）指标测定,并结合感官评价,综合分析不同处理方式对大黄鱼贮藏期间的作用效果。结果表明,CA处理可有效抑制样品冷藏期间的微生物增长和脂肪氧化,CK组样品的菌落总数对数值在第8天时达到（8.26±0.02）(lg(CFU/g)),超过腐败限值,而CA组样品菌落总数对数值为（6.60±0.06）(lg(CFU/g));此时CA组样品的硫代巴比妥酸值为（0.51±0.05）mg/kg,显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。DUS组延缓了样品贮藏期间不...