多特征融合的Camshift运动目标跟踪算法

传统的Camshift算法以颜色直方图为特征对目标进行跟踪,对刚性目标的跟踪具有较强的鲁棒性。当目标受到颜色相近的干扰物干扰或者部分遮挡时,其跟踪效果和准确度不太理想。为此,提出一种多特征融合的Camshift目标跟踪算法。首先,对目标的颜色特征、边缘特征和空间信息进行提取和处理,得到颜色空间直方图和空间边缘方向直方图;然后,分别在Camshift算法框架下得到目标匹配中心位置,采用每一帧图像的相似度向量得到权值系数,通过自适应加权融合的方法得到最优中心位置。实验结果表明,相较于传统的Camshift目标跟踪算法和改进的复杂特征融合的Meanshift算法,所提方法能够更有效地克服颜色干扰、目标重叠遮挡对跟踪效果的影响,避免了 目标 在跟踪过程中丢失的问题,突破了传统方法的局限性。     

基于Camshift和Kalman滤波的自动跟踪算法

针对传统的Camshift算法在跟踪时需要手动定位目标,在颜色干扰、遮挡等复杂背景中容易跟丢目标的问题,提出了一种基于Camshift和Kalman滤波的自动跟踪算法。首先利用帧间差分法和Canny边缘检测法分割出运动目标的完整区域,然后用提取出的目标区域初始化Camshift算法的初始搜索窗口,从而实现了目标的自动跟踪。当背景中存在相似颜色干扰或者目标被严重遮挡时,采用Kalman滤波与Camshift算法相结合的改进算法进行跟踪。实验结果表明,本文改进算法在目标被严重遮挡、颜色干扰等情况下仍能有效、稳健地跟踪。     

基于Camshift和Particle Filter的小目标跟踪算法

Particle Filter算法有较好的跟踪鲁棒性,但实时性差;Camshift算法计算速度快,但它属于半自动跟踪,所以都无法有效避免复杂背景的干扰。为了解决上述问题,提出了基于Camshift和Particle Filter的融合算法。该算法首先利用Particle Filter来自动搜索小目标的初始位置,接着采用Camshift跟踪小目标,然后通过度量因子自适应切换Camshift和Particle Filter来跟踪短时丢失的目标。利用复杂背景下的飞行小目标图像序列,与序贯相似性检测算法（SSDA）、Camshift和Particle Filter做对比实验。结果表明算法不仅能实现小目标的全自动跟踪,而且还降低了跟踪效果受目标形变和部分遮挡的影响,对小目标跟踪具有较高的鲁棒性和实时性。     

一种深度图像中人体的实时跟踪算法

针对深度图像中的人体目标跟踪问题,提出一种基于深度图像的改进Camshift算法。利用人体目标的深度信息计算概率分布,结合人体形态学特征,对深度的概率分布赋予不同的权重,通过Camshift算法进行迭代,从而寻找目标,使用卡尔曼滤波器在三维空间中对运动人体目标的位置实现预测和更新。采集1200帧图像进行测试,结果表明,该算法能实时准确地跟踪深度图像中的运动人体目标,有效克服遮挡等干扰,单人和双人跟踪准确率均在95%以上,高于传统Camshift算法。     

结合运动特征的目标跟踪方法

针对视频跟踪过程中出现的背景干扰、目标遮挡等问题,提出基于多特征融合的均值漂移算法和最小二乘法轨迹预测跟踪方法。为解决背景干扰问题,使用改进的混合高斯模型对背景实施建模,提取运动前景目标,采用提取出的运动信息结合颜色、纹理特征对目标进行描述,在跟踪过程中利用运动信息去除背景噪声的干扰,从而适应背景和目标的变化,得到目标位置,当遮挡发生时,根据目标遮挡前的先验信息预测最小二乘法的目标轨迹,有利于重新捕获目标。实验结果表明,与已有的跟踪方法相比,该方法在复杂背景和遮挡过程中对目标的定位更精确,鲁棒性更好。     

基于帧间差分和背景差分结合的Camshift目标跟踪算法

Camshift算法需要手动标定目标区域,且具有无法适应目标的高速运动、相似颜色背景和遮挡等情况的局限性。针对这些情况提出结合帧间差分法和背景差分相结合的方法对Camshift算法进行改进。首先利于帧间差分和背景差分相结合检测出运动目标区域。然后用该区域初始化跟踪目标窗口。当有相似颜色背景干扰或遮挡情况发生时,利用检测出的运动目标区域对搜索窗口进行限制。同时,使用Kalman滤波对下一帧的搜索窗口进行预测,从而使该算法适合高速运动目标的跟踪。实验表明该算法能够准确对目标窗口进行初始化,且在目标高速运动、遮挡、和相似颜色背景干扰情况下,仍能进行适时实时有效跟踪。     

基于CamShift融合局部特征匹配的无人机目标跟踪研究

针对由于CamShift算法跟踪特征单一引起的对颜色相似目标或背景的干扰和对目标遮挡情况较敏感的问题,提出了一种CamShift融合局部特征匹配的无人机目标跟踪算法。实验表明,局部特征匹配算法中BRISK匹配算法在特征检测和特征描述阶段都表现出了较好的性能,融合CamShift算法和BRISK算法的目标跟踪算法在能保证目标跟踪的实时性要求的前提下,改善了CamShift对颜色相似目标或背景的干扰的敏感性,同时增强了对目标遮挡鲁棒性。该方法通过颜色特征和局部特征的共同定位目标,实现了目标的准确跟踪。     

无人机对船舶目标的改进CamShift跟踪算法研究

针对由于CamShift算法跟踪特征单一引起的对颜色相似目标或背景的干扰和对目标遮挡情况较敏感的问题,提出了一种基于改进CamShift融合局部特征匹配的无人机目标跟踪算法.首先,采用基于 H分量和LBP二维模板的改进CamShift目标跟踪算法以提高对相似目标干扰的鲁棒性;其次,在能保证目标跟踪的实时性要求的前提下,融合局部特征匹配算法中的BRISK匹配算法,可有效改善CamShift对颜色相似目标或背景的干扰的敏感性,同时增强对目标遮挡鲁棒性.实验结果表明,该改进算法通过颜色特征和局部特征的共同定位目标,实现了目标的准确跟踪.     

分块多特征自适应融合的多目标视觉跟踪

为提高多目标视觉跟踪算法的实时性和稳定性,提出了分块多特征融合的目标跟踪算法.该算法融合底层颜色、纹理和边缘特征信息,以降低单一目标特征算法容易受复杂环境和目标形变的影响.建立分块目标多特征融合直方图模型,引入目标和背景区分度抑制背景分量,并且结合Kalman滤波器进行预测,在发生遮挡时根据置信度最大子块位置获取遮挡目标位置,实现目标稳定可靠的跟踪.实验结果表明:该算法对每帧图像的平均处理时间为36.2 ms,达到实时性的目的,且算法鲁棒性较强.     

基于ABCshift结合Kalman滤波的目标跟踪算法

Camshift(Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift)算法具有很好的实时性和鲁棒性,但是当目标遇到大面积的类目标颜色干扰,目标被严重遮挡时跟踪会失败。针对这些问题,提出ABCshift(Adaptive Background Camshift)结合Kalman滤波的改进算法。实验表明所提出的算法能有效解决以上问题,在复杂的背景下有良好的适应性,并与其他改进的Camshift算法进行了对比。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.