TiAl/Ni基合金反应钎焊接头的微观组织及剪切强度(英文)

以Ti为中间层,对TiAl基金属间化合物与Ni基高温合金进行反应钎焊连接,研究反应钎焊接头的界面微观结构及剪切强度。通过实验发现,熔融中间层与两侧母材反应剧烈,生成连续的界面反应层。典型的界面微观结构为GH99/(Ni,Cr)ss(γ)/TiNi(β2)+TiNi2Al(τ4)+Ti2Ni(δ)/δ+Ti3Al(α2)+Al3NiTi2(τ3)/α2+τ3/TiAl。当钎焊温度为1000°C,保温时间10min时,所得接头的剪切强度最高为258MPa。进一步升高钎焊温度或延长保温时间,会引起钎缝组织中组成相粗化和脆性金属间化合物层的生成,从而导致接头剪切强度的降低。     

TiAl基合金与Ni基合金钎焊连接接头界面组织及性能

采用BNi2钎料实现了TiAl基合金与Ni基高温合金的钎焊。采用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等手段对钎焊接头的界面组织结构及生成相进行分析,并对接头的抗剪强度进行测试。结果表明,钎焊接头的典型界面结构为：GH99/(Ni)ss (γ)+Ni3B+CrB+富Ti-硼化物/TiNi2Al/TiNiAl+Ti3Al/TiAl;随着钎焊温度的升高或保温时间的延长,较多的B和Si元素扩散进入两侧母材,导致钎缝中硼化物数量减少,而TiAl/钎缝界面的TiNi2Al和TiNiAl+Ti3Al金属间化合物层厚度增加;当钎焊温度为1050 ℃,保温时间为5 min时,接头的抗剪强度达到最大为205 MPa,接头主要断裂于TiNiAl金属间化合物层。当钎焊温度升高或保温时间继续延长时,TiNiAl厚度显著增加,导致接头强度下降     

TC4/TNM钎焊接头界面组织及性能

采用Ti-25.65Zr-13.3Cu-12.35Ni-3Co-2Mo(wt.%)非晶箔带钎料在900 ℃~1020 ℃/10 min工艺下真空钎焊连接TC4和TNM合金,并系统研究了TC4/TNM钎焊接头的界面组织和形成机理以及钎焊温度对界面组织和剪切强度的影响规律。结果表明：钎焊温度900～980 ℃时接头的组织为TC4/细小网篮状(α+β)-Ti/γ-(Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) + α-Ti/Ti3Al/TNM,随钎焊温度升高,钎缝中硬脆的γ相减少、韧性的α-Ti增加。钎焊温度1000 ℃和1020 ℃时,接头的界面反应层由三层演变成两层且对应的物相分别是韧性差的粗针状(α+β)-Ti和Ti3Al,粗针状(α+β)-Ti随温度升高进一步粗化。钎焊接头剪切强度随温度升高先增加后减小,钎焊温度980 ℃时剪切强度达到最大值494.83 MPa。剪切测试的钎焊接头均脆性断裂于TNM侧的钎缝中。     

不同钎料对Ti3Al基合金钎焊接头强度及界面微观组织的影响

研究了Ti3Al基合金真空钎焊及接头组织性能;分析了不同钎料对接头界面组织和剪切强度的影响,初步优选了钎料,优化了钎焊连接规范参数;利用电子探针、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等方法对接头进行了定性和定量分析.结果表明:采用NiCrSiB钎料连接时,在界面处有金属间化合物TiAl3、AlNi2Ti和Ni基固溶体生成,TiAl3和AlNi2Ti的生成降低了接头的剪切强度;采用TiZrNiCu钎料连接时,在界面处有金属间化合物Ti2Ni、Ti(Cu,Al)2和Ti基固溶体生成,Ti2Ni和Ti(Cu,Al)2的形成降低了接头的剪切强度;采用AgCuZn钎料连接时,在界面处生成TiCu、Ti(Cu,Al)2和Ag基固溶体,TiCu和Ti(Cu,Al)2的生成是降低接头剪切强度的主要原因;采用CuP钎料连接时,在界面处生成了Cu3P、TiCu和Cu基固溶体,CuaP和TiCu使接头的剪切强度降低;对于NiCrSiB钎料,当连接温度为1 373 K,连接时间为5 min时,接头的剪切强度最高为219.6 MPa对于TiZr-NiCu钎料,当连接温度为1 323 K,连接时间为5 min时,接头的最高剪切强度为259.6 MPa;对于AgCuZn钎料,当连接温度为1 173 K,连接时间为5 min时,接头的最高剪切强度为125.4 MPa;对于CuP钎料,当连接温度为1 223 K,连接时间为5 min时,接头的最高剪切强度为98.6 MPa;采用TiZrNiCu钎料连接Ti3Al可获得最大接头强度.     

TiAl基合金与Ti合金的真空钎焊

采用Ag-Cu钎料与Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料,对TiAl与Ti合金进行了真空钎焊试验,主要研究了采用两种钎料时的界面反应以及钎焊温度对界面组织及性能的影响.研究发现,采用Ag-Cu钎料时界面结构为:Ti/Ti(Cu,Al)2/TiCux Ag(s,s)/Ag(s,s)/Ti(Cu,Al)2/TiAl,当钎焊温度T=1 223 K,保温时间t=10 min时接头的剪切强度达到223.3 MPa;采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料时在界面出现了Ti2Ni,Ti(Cu,Al)2等多种金属间化合物,当钎焊温度T=1 123 K,保温时间t=10 min时接头的剪切强度达到139.97 MPa.     

采用Ti-15Cu-15Ni真空钎焊Ti3Al基合金

采用Ti-15Cu-15Ni钎料在960℃/1 min、960℃/10 min和960 ℃/1 h三种规范下钎焊Ti3Al基合金(TD3).实验结果表明,随着保温时间的延长,钎缝中心的残余钎料逐渐变少,当保温时间为1 h时,钎缝中心区出现了再生的针状仅相,残余钎料扩散完全.钎缝中Ti与Ni和Cu发生反应生成相应的NiTi2和CuTi3相.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金真空钎焊接头界面组织及性能

采用AgCuTi活性钎料实现了Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金的钎焊连接,研究了钎焊接头的界面结构及其形成机制,并且分析了不同钎焊参数对接头界面组织和接头力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金钎焊接头的典型界面组织为:Al_2O_3/Ti_3(Cu,Al)_3O/Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)+AlCu_2Ti/AlCu_2Ti+AlCuTi/TiAl。钎焊过程中,TiAl基体向液态钎料中的溶解量决定了钎焊接头界面组织的形成及其演化。随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,Al_2O_3陶瓷侧的Ti_3(Cu,Al)_3O反应层增厚,钎缝中弥散分布的团块状AlCu_2Ti化合物逐渐聚集长大。陶瓷侧界面反应层的厚度和钎缝中AlCu_2Ti化合物的形态及分布共同决定着接头的抗剪强度。当钎焊温度为880℃,保温10 min时,接头的抗剪强度最大,达到94 MPa,此时接头的断裂形式呈现沿Al_2O_3陶瓷基体和界面反应层的复合断裂模式。     

高铌TiAl合金钎焊接头组织和性能研究

采用Ti-28Ni(wt.%)共晶钎料在1100℃实现了高铌TiAl合金(Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W, B, Y) (at.%), 简称TAN)的真空钎焊连接。钎焊接头的典型界面结构为TAN/τ3-Al3Ti2Ni + B2/α2-Ti3Al layer/α2-Ti3Al + δ-Ti2Ni/α2-Ti3Al layer/τ3-Al3Ti2Ni + B2/TAN。深入研究了保温时间对钎焊接头界面组织和连接性能的影响。结果表明：Ni元素从熔融钎料向TAN母材的扩散决定了界面组织的演化,随着保温时间的延长促进了扩散层的增厚,同时导致钎缝宽度逐渐减小。接头剪切强度测试结果显示当保温时间为15分钟时,获得的最大接头室温剪切强度和高温(600℃)剪切强度分别是248.6MPa和166.4MPa。接头断口分析表明在剪切实验中裂纹主要沿着连续的金属间化合物层产生和扩展。     

Ti3SiC2陶瓷与TC4合金钎焊接头微观组织及性能

采用接触反应钎焊,以Ti/Ni/Ti为中间层,实现了Ti3SiC2陶瓷与TC4合金的连接。钎焊接头的典型界面组织为：TC4/α-Ti + β-Ti + Ti2Ni/Ti2Ni + Ti3AlC + Ti5Si3Cx + TiC/Ti3SiC2。随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,钎缝宽度增加,Ti2Ni相含量减少。钎焊温度为980 ℃时,大量的Ti2Ni相分布于反应区;连接温度为1000 ℃时,钎焊接头抗剪强度最高,达到82 MPa,断裂主要发生在陶瓷母材处;随着钎焊温度的继续提升,在反应区和TC4合金界面处出现明显孔洞,接头力学性能显著降低。此外,分析了钎焊接头的形成机制。     

Ti69Zr30Fe1高温形状记忆合金的微观结构和记忆特性

采用TiZrNiCu钎料实现了Ti53311S高温钛合金的钎焊连接,通过SEM、EDS、微区XRD等方法分析了接头界面的微观组织结构,重点研究了钎焊温度对接头界面结构及力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,钎焊接头的典型界面结构为:Ti53311S/α+β/(Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni)化合物/α+β/ Ti53311S;随钎焊温度的升高,(Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni)化合物数量不断减少,当钎焊温度超过α+β→β转变温度时,钎缝及钛合金母材均形成片层状α+β组织;接头抗拉强度随钎焊温度升高逐渐增加后趋于稳定,当在1010℃/10 min条件下钎焊时,接头平均抗拉强度最大为912.8MPa,断口分析表明,断裂发生于钎缝处,为脆性解理断裂.     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of TiB2 cermet to TiAl-based alloys

In this study, TiB2 cermet and TiAl-based alloy are vacuum brazed successfully by using Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal.The microstructural analyses indicate that two reaction products, Ti ( Cu, Al ) 2 and Ag bused solid solution ( Ag ( s. s ) ) , are present in the brazing seam, and the iuterface structure of the brazed joint is TiB2/TiB2 Ag ( s. s ) /Ag ( s. s ) Ti ( Cu,Al)2/Ti( Cu, Al)2/TiAl. The experimental results show that the shear strength of the brazed TiB2/TiAl joints decreases us thebrazing time increases at a definite brazing temperature. When the joint is brazed at 1 223 K for 5 min, a joint strength up to 173 MPa is achieved.     

Ni-34Ti钎料钎焊TiAl合金接头界面结构及性能

采用Ni-34Ti共晶钎料实现了TiAl合金的钎焊连接,分析了TiAl合金钎焊接头的界面结构,重点研究了钎焊温度对接头组织及性能的影响规律.结果表明,Ni-34Ti共晶钎料主要由TiNi相和TiNi3相组成,钎料熔点为1 120 ℃.不同钎焊温度下获得的接头界面组织均呈现对称特征,无气孔和裂纹等缺陷,接头中主要形成了TiNiAl2,B2,TiNiAl和TiNi2Al四种物相.Al元素在钎缝中的快速扩散,促进了钎缝中Ti-Ni-Al三元化合物的形成.钎焊温度为1 180 ℃保温10 min条件下,TiAl合金接头获得了最大的室温抗剪强度87 MPa.剪切过程中,裂纹容易在富含TiNi2Al相的区域产生和扩展,大量脆性TiNi2Al相的存在对接头的性能是有害的.     

Infrared brazing of TiAl intermetallic using BAg-8 braze alloy

TiAl intermetallic alloy joined by infrared brazing using BAg-8 braze alloy was investigated. The microstructural evolution of the brazed joint, shear strength and reaction kinetics across the joint was comprehensively evaluated. According to the experimental observations, silver would not react with the TiAl substrate, but copper reacted vigorously with the TiAl, forming continuous reaction layer. The consumption of copper from molten braze during infrared brazing resulted in depletion of the copper content from the braze. Therefore, chemical composition of the braze deviated from Ag-Cu eutectic into hypoeutectic with increased brazing time and/or temperature. Both AlCuTi and AlCu₂Ti phase were observed at the interface between BAg-8 and TiAl substrate for the specimen brazed at 950°C. By increasing the brazing temperature and time, the growth rate of AlCuTi phase was much faster than that of AlCu₂Ti phase. The maximum shear strength achieved 343 MPa for the specimen infrared brazed at 950°C for 60 s. Further increasing the brazing time resulted in excessive growth of brittle AlCuTi reaction layer, which greatly deteriorated the shear strength of the joint.     

Brazing of TiBw/TC4 composite and Ti60 alloy using TiZrNiCu amorphous filler alloy

TiB_w/TC4 composite was brazed to Ti60 alloy successfully using TiZrNiCu amorphous filler alloy, and the interfacial microstructures and mechanical properties were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD and universal tensile testing machine. The typical interfacial microstructure was TiB_w/TC4 composite/β-Ti + TiB whiskers/(Ti, Zr)₂(Ni, Cu) intermetallic layer/β-Ti/Ti60 alloy when being brazed at 940 °C for 10 min. The interfacial microstructure evolution was influenced strongly by the diffusion and reaction between molten fillers and the substrates. Increasing brazing temperature decreased the thickness of brittle (Ti, Zr)₂(Ni, Cu) intermetallic layer, which disappeared finally when the brazing temperature exceeded 1020 °C. Fracture analyses indicated that cracks were initialized in the brittle intermetallic layer when (Ti, Zr)₂(Ni, Cu) phase existed in the brazing seam. The maximum average shear strength of joints reached 368.6 MPa when brazing was conducted at 1020 °C. Further increasing brazing temperature to 1060 °C, the shear strength was decreased due to the formation of coarse lamellar (α+β)-Ti structure.     

Effect of brazing temperature and brazing time on the microstructure and tensile strength of TiAl-based alloy joints with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni amorphous alloy as filler metal

An amorphous Ti-37.5Zr-15Cu-15Ni (wt.%) ribbon fabricated by vacuum arc remelting and rapid solidification was used as filler metal to vacuum braze TiAl alloy (Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb-1B (at.%)). The effects of brazing temperature and time on the microstructure and strength of the joints were investigated in details. The typical brazed joint major consisted of three zones and the brazed joints mainly consisted of α_2-Ti₃Al phase, α-Ti phase and (Ti, Zr)₂(Cu, Ni) phase. When the brazing temperature varied from 910 °C to 1010 °C for 30 min, the tensile strength of the joint first increased and then decreased. With increasing the brazing time, the tensile strength of the joint increased. The maximum room temperature tensile strength was 468 MPa when the specimen was brazed at 930 °C for 60 min. All the fracture surfaces assumed typical brittle cleavage fracture characteristic. The fracture path varied with the brazing parameter and cracks preferred to initiate at (Ti, Zr)₂(Cu, Ni) phase and propagation path were mainly determined by the content and distribution of α-Ti phase and (Ti, Zr)₂(Cu, Ni) phase.     

Vacuum brazing of TZM alloy to ZrC particle reinforced W composite using Ti-28Ni eutectic brazing alloy

Reliable brazing of TZM alloy and ZrC particle reinforced (ZrC_p) W composite was achieved in this study by using Ti-28Ni eutectic brazing alloy. The typical interfacial microstructure of TZM/Ti-28Ni/ZrC_p-W brazed joint consisted of a Ti solid solution (Ti(s, s)) layer, a continuous Ti₂Ni layer and a diffusion layer mainly composed of W particles and (Ti, Zr)C particles. With an increase of brazing temperature, more ZrC particles and W particles entered the molten brazing alloy, which broadened the brazing seam and diminished the Ti₂Ni layer, resulting in the disappearance of the Ti₂Ni layer eventually. Meanwhile, more Ti(s, s) stripes were observed on the TZM side. The presence of continuous Ti₂Ni intermetallic phase and Ti(s, s) stripes structure in joints deteriorated the joining properties, which resulted in the formation of brittle fracture under shear test. In addition, the fracture path was related to the brazing temperature, and cracks initiate and propagate in the continuous Ti₂Ni layer at lower temperatures. However, the fracture path tended to be located at the TZM substrate close to the interface between TZM and the brazing seam when the brazing temperature exceeded 1040 °C. The optimal room temperature shear strength reached 120.5 MPa when brazed at 1040 °C for 10 min and the fracture surface exhibited cleavage fracture characteristics, and the shear strength at high temperature of 800 °C for the specimens with highest shear strength at room temperature reached 77.5 MPa.     

一种新型钛基钎料合金对γ-TiAl合金的钎焊性

在钎焊温度范围为1050 ~ 1125 ℃下保温10 min,采用非晶Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo钎料成功地实现了Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr-0.15B (原子分数,%)合金钎焊连接. 运用SEM,EDS,XRD,TEM和维氏硬度仪等分析研究了铸态和箔带钎料显微组织、温度(900 ~ 1125 ℃)和保温时间(0 ~ 15 min)对铸态钎料在TiAl基合金表面上润湿铺展面积的影响,以及钎焊接头中界面显微组织和维氏硬度在不同钎焊温度下的变化规律. 结果表明,随着温度和保温时间的增加,铸态钎料在TiAl合金母材表面润湿铺展面积的增幅先增大后减小. 钎焊接头界面组织主要包括TiAl母材层,α₂-Ti₃Al+AlCuTi (层Ⅰ)和γ-(Ti, Zr)₂(Ni, Cu)+α-(Ti, Zr)(层Ⅱ). 钎缝中各区域的硬度均随着钎焊温度的增加而增加,1125 ℃时获得最大值为872(±8) HV,主要与钎缝中生成的硬脆金属间化合物(Ti, Zr)₂(Ni, Cu)和α₂-Ti₃Al有关.     

Ti600和Ni-25%Si合金钎焊接头性能及失效机理分析

采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料对高温钛合金Ti600和Ni-25%Si (原子分数,%)合金进行钎焊试验,重点研究了钎焊温度对镍硅与钛合金接头组织及性能的影响,结合接头组织特征及断口结构分析阐明了Ti600和Ni-25%Si合金钎焊接头的失效机理. 结果表明,钎缝内部包含多个区域,随着连接温度从900 ℃上升至980 ℃,包含(Ti,Zr)₂Si和Ti₂Ni相的区域逐渐消失,包含Ti₅Si₃和Ti₂Ni相的区域逐渐变厚,最终占据全部钎缝. 力学性能分析表明,随着钎焊温度的升高,接头抗剪强度先增大后降低. 当钎焊温度为960 ℃时,接头的抗剪强度能够达到峰值177 MPa. 在脆性Ti₂Ni相基体上弥散分布的Ti₅Si₃相颗粒破坏了Ti₂Ni相的连续性,阻碍了裂纹在钎缝内部的扩展是钎焊接头抗剪强度提升的根本原因.     

Joining of Cf/SiC Composite and TC4 Using Ag-Al-Ti Active Brazing Alloy

Carbon fiber reinforced SiC (C_f/SiC) composite was successfully joined to TC4 with Ag-Al-Ti alloy powder by brazing. Microstructures of the brazed joints were investigated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and x-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the brazed joints were measured by mechanical testing machine. The results showed that the brazed joint mainly consists of TiC, Ti₃SiC₂, Ti₅Si₃, Ag, TiAl, and Ti₃Al reaction products. TiC + Ti₃SiC₂/Ti₅Si₃ + TiAl reaction layers are formed near C_f/SiC composite while TiAl/Ti₃Al/Ti + Ti₃Al reaction layers are formed near TC4. The thickness of reaction layers of the brazed joint increases with the increased brazing temperature or holding time. The maximum room temperature and 500 °C shear strengths of the joints brazed at brazing temperature 930 °C for holding time 20 min are 84 and 40 MPa, respectively.