核心链路感知的可生存虚拟网络链路保护方法

针对现有可生存虚拟网络链路保护方法无差别对待所有虚拟链路、备份资源消耗多且故障后网络恢复时延长的问题,该文提出一种核心链路感知的可生存虚拟网络链路保护(CLA-SVNLP)方法。首先,综合考虑虚拟链路动态和静态两方面因素构建虚拟链路核心度度量模型,依据虚拟网络生存性需求,对核心度较高的虚拟链路进行备份保护;其次,将p圈引入可生存虚拟网络链路保护,依据虚拟网络特点构建p圈,为核心虚拟链路提供1:N保护,即每条核心虚拟链路平均消耗1/N条的备份链路带宽资源以减少备份链路资源消耗,并将单物理链路保护问题转化为多个p圈内的单虚拟链路保护问题;最后网络编码技术与p圈结合,将备份链路对核心虚拟链路提供的1:N保护转化为1+N保护,避免了故障后定位、检测及数据重传。仿真结果表明,该方法提高了备份资源利用率且缩短了故障后的网络恢复时延。     

虚拟网络映射生存性能提升的方法

虚拟网络映射到实体物理网络,在持续工作过程中,不可能不发生故障。文章分析虚拟网络映射中发生的故障问题,特别是底层物理网络故障的问题。针对物理网络的故障问题,首先提出利用备份资源解决的方法,更进一步提出无备份资源的虚拟网络映射故障的解决方法,并给出对于节点故障和链路故障的具体解决方案,最后兼顾网络利用率和可靠性阐述融合的解决方案,对进一步研究进行展望。     

一种生存性军事虚拟网络映射新方法

针对生存性的军事虚拟网络映射问题,提出了生存性的军事虚拟网络映射需要遵循的原则。构建了虚拟网络映射模型,并采用蝙蝠算法进行求解。针对故障情况,提出了区分服务的故障恢复策略,对于高优先级虚网请求提前构建保护路径,对于低优先级虚网请求则提出基于链路可靠性的故障迁移算法,为了减少带宽消耗适当考虑了节点迁移策略。最后通过仿真验证了算法在虚拟网络运行成功率、故障修复率和链路利用率方面相比其他算法具有更好的性能。     

弹性光网络中节点优先的虚拟网络映射算法

针对弹性光网络中虚拟网络映射的资源消耗问题,综合考虑节点、链路对虚拟网络映射资源需求的影响,提出了节点优先的虚拟网络映射算法。所提算法先对虚拟节点依据节点权值进行排序,然后为虚拟节点分配满足资源需求的物理节点,并采用贪心原则映射虚拟节点,最后利用协同映射方式将虚拟链路映射到长度最短的无环物理路径上,以达到减小虚拟网络资源消耗的目的。仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效减小虚拟网络资源消耗并降低网络请求阻塞率。     

基于灾难预测多区域故障的虚拟光网络生存性映射

生存性虚拟光网络映射是提高光网络应对灾难故障的重要技术保障措施。为解决灾难性多区域故障导致弹性光网络的带宽容量损失问题,该文提出基于灾难预测故障模型的蚁群优化虚拟光网络映射 (DFM-ACO-VNM)算法。在该算法中,设计基于光节点资源和相邻链路的全局潜在故障概率的光节点排序映射准则,并设计启发式信息公式实现多区域故障下最小带宽容量损失的虚拟节点和虚拟链路协同映射。仿真结果表明,该文所提算法在多区域故障时能降低带宽容量损失,减少带宽阻塞率和提高频谱利用率。     

链路可靠性感知的差异保护虚拟光网络映射

针对弹性光网络的多链路故障影响虚拟光网络映射性能问题,提出一种链路可靠性感知的差异保护虚拟光网络映射（RA-DPVONE）方法.根据光节点的资源特性与相邻链路故障概率,该方法设计了光节点重要性评估准则和优先映射方法.根据候选光路上的可用频谱资源和链路故障概率,设计虚拟链路映射的工作光路和保护光路的链路代价更新公式,仅为不满足可靠性需求的虚拟链路映射资源共享保护光路.仿真结果表明,所提方法能降低网络的带宽阻塞率,提高虚拟网络请求接受率和弹性光网络的频谱资源利用率.     

基于链路优先的快速协同虚拟网络映射算法

在网络虚拟化环境中,为了减少链路映射成本和提高收益,提出了一种链路优先的协同映射算法。该算法交替映射链路和节点,并使用贪心思想优先将带宽资源需求较大的虚拟链路映射到跳数较少的物理路径上,最终达到降低虚拟网络平均消耗和提高虚拟网络接受率的目的。仿真结果表明,与已有算法相比,所提算法节约了链路映射的成本,提高了虚拟网络接受率和物理网络收益,算法运行时间也有效缩短。     

面向可靠性的5G网络切片重构及映射算法

针对传统网络切片映射方法资源利用率低且可靠性差的问题,该文提出了可靠性感知的网络切片(NS)重构及映射策略(RNSRE)。首先,建立了面向可靠性和资源的网络切片可靠映射效用函数。其次,综合考虑虚拟网络功能(VNF)的资源需求和位置约束,提出了一种VNF可靠性需求的度量方法。在此基础上,以最大化VNF可靠部署收益的同时最小化链路带宽资源开销为目标,建立了切片可靠映射整数线性规划模型。最后,针对不同的网络切片类型,提出了基于邻域搜索的网络切片映射算法和关键VNF备份的网络切片重构映射算法。仿真结果表明,所提算法在满足VNF可靠性需求的同时,提高了资源利用率,降低了映射的开销。     

面向多节点故障的生存性虚拟网络映射方法

针对网络虚拟化环境中虚拟网络的生存性问题,提出一种面向多节点故障的生存性虚拟网络映射方法。该方法预先在物理网络中按比例留出备份资源并根据拓扑属性构造节点的候选集合,在发生节点故障后从故障节点的候选集合中选取重映射目标并动态分配预留的备用资源来恢复受到影响的虚拟网络,提高长期运营利润。仿真实验在多节点故障模型下从适用性、稳定性及性能方面验证了该方法的有效性。     

面向节点异构的能耗感知虚拟网络映射算法

在底层网络节点异构的环境中,能耗优化的虚拟网络映射问题并不是最小化工作节点和链路数。该文针对此问题,构建底层网络节点和链路的负载能耗模型,并以能耗最优为目标,建立虚拟网络映射问题的数学模型,提出一种能耗感知虚拟网络映射算法。该算法在节点映射阶段以最小化能耗和协调链路映射为原则,将虚拟节点映射至综合资源能力最大的底层节点上,并采用改进的能耗感知k最短路径法进行链路映射。仿真结果表明,该算法显著减少虚拟网络映射的能耗,且底层网络节点异构性越大,能耗优势更为明显。     

CFR: A cooperative link failure recovery scheme in software‐defined networks

Software‐defined networking that separates the control plane from the data plane is envisioned as a promising technology to enable resilient and flexible network management. Tolerating link failures is a fundamental problem in enhancing such network resilience in software‐defined networking. Reactive and proactive fault tolerant schemes for conventional networks may not well balance the fault recovery time and network performance, since the proactive scheme typically underutilizes resources and the reactive scheme usually incurs a longer recovery time. In this paper, we propose a cooperative link failure recovery scheme to find a fine‐grained trade‐off between resource utilization and recovery time by combining reactive and proactive methods. We formalize the problem of link failure recovery as a multiobjective optimization problem and devise a 2‐stage algorithm for it. The first stage of the algorithm guarantees connectivity restoration in an acceptable recovery interval based on fast failover feature supported in OpenFlow protocol, meanwhile it assigns virtual local area network tags to back up paths for achieving a lower memory consumption. The second stage of the algorithm guarantees the quality of service for different applications by adjusting the backup paths after rapid connectivity restoration. Extensive simulations highlight that cooperative link failure recovery scheme can satisfy both the carrier‐grade recovery requirements and quality of service requirements in terms of delay and network bandwidth.     

Reliable transmission mechanism with differentiated protection in virtualized fiber-wireless access network

In view of the different reliability requirements of network service,a reliable transmission mechanism with differentiated protection was proposed in virtualized fiber-wireless access network.The quality of protection required by users and the fees that can be paid were used as a prerequisite.The backup protection resources were flexibly allocated by quantifying the multi-level protection quality with the probability of recovery.Then,for reducing traffic congestion and the unprotected services,the level service differentiation algorithm was used to choose protection link which was satisfied with the level of protection quality.The results show the proposed mechanism has more advantages in terms of long-term benefit-to-cost ratio and underlying network resource overhead,and provides users with a more flexible virtual network transmission while satisfying users’ reliability requirements.     

均衡虚拟网构建算法研究

如何在物理资源有限的条件下构建出满足用户需求的虚拟网是一个热点问题。该文针对虚拟网(Virtual Network,VN)的构建方法进行了论述,分析了虚拟网构建的数学模型,给出了构建策略的若干重要原则,为提高构网成功率,分别提出基于链路负载均衡度和节点负载均衡度的虚拟网构建算法,在此基础上提出了考虑均衡的自适应虚拟网构建算法(Balanced Adaptive VN Construction Algorithm, BACA)以及链路失效后的处理方法和迁移策略。最后,通过仿真实验,从虚拟网构建需求接收率和构建后整个网络的链路均衡度以及节点均衡度3个方面验证了BACA的优越性。     

Dynamic recovery for survivable virtual network embedding

Network virtualization is a promising way to overcome the current ossification of the Intemet. It is essential challenge to find effective, efficient and robust embedding algorithms for recovering virtual network. The virtual network mapping algorithm based on integer programming which was proposed months ago. But it did consider the faults of physical network resources, which is so called survivable virtual network embedding （VNE） problem. Previous strategies for enabling survivability in network virtualization focused on providing protection for the physical network or enhancing the virtual networks by providing backup physical resources in advance, and treated all the physical failures as link failures. In the article, a dynamic recovery method is proposed to solve the survivable virtual network embedding problem based on the integer programming VNE algorithm. The dynamic recovery method doesn＇t need to backup physical resources and it makes more substrate resources which can be used in the embedding. The dynamic recovery process will be activated only when physical failures occur. Different algorithms are used to recovery node and link failures. Simulations show that the method helps to recover almost all of physical failures by finding the substitute nodes and paths, and its performance is very close to that of pure VNE method without considering physical failures.     

QoS约束的链路故障多备份路径恢复算法

链路故障的恢复,不仅仅是选择一条连通的备份路径问题,还应考虑网络业务故障恢复过程中的QoS需求。针对此问题,该文基于多备份路径策略,构建概率关联故障模型和重路由流量丢弃量优化目标。并基于该优化目标,以业务的QoS需求为约束,建立故障恢复问题的数学模型,提出一种QoS约束的链路故障多备份路径恢复算法。该算法构建单条备份路径时,以最大程度地减少重路由流量丢弃为目标,并采用改进的QoS约束的k最短路径法进行拼接,且给与高优先级链路更多的保护资源。此外还证明了算法的正确性并分析了时间空间复杂度。在NS2环境下的仿真结果表明,该算法显著提升了链路故障恢复率和重路由流量QoS满足率,且QoS约束条件越强,相较于其它算法优势越明显。     

A mixed connection recovery strategy for surviving dual link failure in WDM networks

As the size and complexity of a network increases, the probability of a dual link failure also increases. For recovering the dual link failures, two strategies have been presented in past. As per the first strategy, SPP-MAS (Shared Path Protection-Maximum Allowable Sharing), the sharing of backup lightpaths in SPP (Shared Path Protection) has been reduced, and in the second strategy TBPS (Two Backup Path Shared), the reservation of two backup lightpaths for each primary lightpath has been undertaken. The main flaw of these strategies is the requirement of redundant network resources towards the establishment of backup lightpaths, and the occurrence of trap problem after the second link fails. To minimize the redundant backup resources and the trap problem, a mixed connection recovery algorithm namely Adaptive Backup Routing over Reserved Resources (ABRRR) has been proposed. The design of ABRRR takes leverage of both, the pre-planned, and the post-failure connection recovery mechanisms. In ABRRR, the failed connections are re-provisioned adaptively over the pre-allocated backup network resources. Adaptive re-provisioning of the failed connection minimizes the trap problem. Using simulation experiments, we undertake a comparative study of the proposed strategy with the existing strategies (i.e. SPP-MAS and TBPS) under the network parameters of Blocking Probability, Dual Restorability, and Resource Utilization Ratio (RUR). Detailed investigations establish that the use of ABRRR leads to lower Blocking Probability, higher Dual Restorability, and minimized RUR compared to the existing strategies. Results also show that the proposed strategy not only survives more connections but also utilizes fewer numbers of resources compared to the existing strategies.     

基于深度强化学习的服务功能链可靠部署算法

针对当前关于服务功能链(SFC)的部署问题都未考虑到虚拟网络功能(VNF)的失效重要度,该文提出了基于深度强化学习的SFC可靠部署算法。首先建立VNF和虚拟链路可靠映射模型,为重要的VNF设置高可靠性需求,并通过链路部署长度限制尽可能保证虚拟链路可靠性需求。其次,以负载均衡为资源协调原则,与VNF可靠性联合优化,最终使用深度强化学习得到服务功能链部署策略。另外,提出了基于重要度的节点备份和链路备份策略,用于应对部署过程中VNF/链路可靠性难以满足的情况。仿真结果表明,该文的可靠部署算法在保证可靠性需求的基础上能够有效减少SFC失效损失,同时使虚拟网络更加稳定可靠。     

一种基于拓扑势的虚拟网络映射算法

该文针对现有的虚拟网络映射算法对网络中节点的拓扑属性考虑不够周到,导致其请求接受率和收益开销比较低的问题,将物理学里的场论思想引入了虚拟网络映射,并提出一种基于拓扑势的虚拟网络映射算法。该算法在节点映射阶段,通过计算节点的拓扑势、节点的资源能力、待映射节点与已映射节点之间的距离,将虚拟节点映射至最佳的物理节点。在链路映射阶段,通过计算物理路径的可用带宽和路径跳数,将虚拟链路映射至最佳的物理路径。仿真实验表明,该算法在多种虚拟网络到达强度下的请求接受率和收益开销比均优于当前的虚拟网络映射算法。