折叠式夹层板横向吸能特性研究

折叠式夹层板作为轻型结构在舰船中应用前景广阔,而夹芯层结构为决定夹层板力学性能的关键因素。在总结现有折叠式夹层板类型基础上对其进行分类,整理出20种折叠式夹层板型式,进行结构概念设计;利用Abaqus数值仿真分析各种型式夹层板在横向压皱载荷下准静态压皱力学行为,获得各种夹层板压皱变形模式、压皱性能及吸能效率。对比分析表明,V-Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ及U-Ⅰ五种夹层板结构的吸能效率、平均压皱强度较高,作为吸能结构较优;而U-Ⅳ、Circle Tube-Ⅰ、U-Ⅱ三种夹层板结构在一定条件下可作为吸能结构。     

复合材料夹芯梁屈曲破坏模式及极限承载

为研究复合材料夹芯梁在轴压作用下的屈曲、后屈曲特性及承载能力,进行了试验研究与有限元仿真。首先,开展了系列复合材料夹芯梁屈曲特性试验,研究了铺层比例、梁长度、表层厚度及芯层厚度等因素对其屈曲、后屈曲破坏模式及极限承载的影响;然后,基于非线性屈曲理论,采用三维内聚力界面单元模拟面芯脱粘,并引入初始预变形及材料损伤准则对复合材料夹芯梁在轴压下的屈曲特性及极限承载进行仿真研究。结果显示:界面脱粘是屈曲破坏的重要模式;仿真计算的极限承载与试验结果相比,误差控制在10%以内。所得结论表明该方法可有效预报复合材料夹芯梁的后屈曲路径、破坏模式及极限承载。      

泡沫铝夹芯结构抗平头弹侵彻理论分析模型

为研究泡沫铝夹芯结构抗平头弹侵彻的理论分析模型,将弹体侵彻泡沫铝夹芯结构的过程分为三个阶段:前面板剪切失效、泡沫铝压缩剪切和后面板隆起开口。根据夹芯结构各组成部分的破坏模式,结合牛顿运动定律和能量守恒建立了各阶段的理论计算模型;通过理论计算模型分析了泡沫铝夹芯结构各组成部分在抗弹过程中吸能情况。结果表明,该理论模型计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,两者最大误差不超过10%。泡沫铝夹芯结构抗弹过程中,泡沫铝芯层吸能最多,占总吸能的48.9%;其次是后面板吸能,前面板吸能最少。前、后面板的吸能差别是因为两者在弹体侵彻过程中变形失效模式不同。     

金属圆管增强夹芯柱屈曲分析

金属圆管增强复合材料夹芯结构是一种新型的轻质多功能结构。考虑了横向剪切变形对临界载荷的影响,以实验方法测量出夹芯柱的横向剪切刚度,计算出临界屈曲载荷的理论值,并从实验上加以验证。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,模拟了夹芯柱宏观屈曲的形式,并与理论值和实验值进行了对比,结果吻合较好。采用数值模拟方法,研究了临界屈曲载荷与金属圆管排布方式之间关系。结果表明:金属圆管增强夹芯柱宏观屈曲主要以横向剪切屈曲为主;临界载荷值随着圆管在长度方向上的间距变小而增大;在圆管总重量和高度不变的情况下,临界载荷随着圆管半径和间距的变小而增大。研究结果对于在轴向压缩载荷下的金属圆管增强夹芯柱设计具有重要的指导意义。     

改进V-型复合材料褶皱夹芯结构的制备及压缩性能

以改进V-型褶皱夹芯结构为研究对象,采用模压成型法制备出改进的V-型复合材料褶皱芯子,结合二次粘接工艺将复合材料层合板与褶皱芯子进行复合得到一种新型复合材料褶皱夹芯结构。利用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法,重点考察了该结构在平压载荷作用下的力学响应及其破坏机制。通过引进纤维压溃模型,对该结构的损伤演化过程进行了描述,数值模拟与试验获得的压缩应力-应变曲线吻合较好。实验研究发现,相对密度的变化不仅对该结构的力学性能产生影响,而且将直接导致该结构的破坏模式发生转变。     

整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料压缩性能

设计了一种新型整体缝合夹芯结构。采用真空导入模塑工艺(VIMP)制备整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料, 研究其在平压载荷作用下的力学性能和破坏模式, 建立其有限元模型, 研究缝合纱线用量对整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料平压力学性能的影响。结果表明:该新型整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料能够在提高缝合纱线数量的同时避免一般斜缝方式引起纤维交叉损坏的弊端。整体缝合夹芯结构复合材料的压缩强度和压缩模量随着缝合纱线数量的增加而增大, 但缝合纱线含量较高时, 比压缩强度有所下降。数值计算结果与试验结果对比分析, 验证了所建立有限元模型的合理性, 说明该模型可用于预测其压缩模量。      

结构参数对树脂基纤维编织复合材料折叠夹芯结构力学性能的影响

折叠夹芯结构是一种新型的复合材料夹芯结构,其结构参数对力学性能有重要的影响。文中以碳纤维和Kevlar平纹编织预浸料为芯材原料,采用热压工艺,制备了复合材料折叠夹芯结构试样。通过压缩试验得到不同条件下折叠夹芯结构在静态压缩载荷作用下的力-位移变化曲线。构建了复合材料折叠夹芯结构有限元模型,对不同结构参数复合材料折叠夹芯的力学性能进行了数值模拟分析,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比验证了模型的可靠性。实验及数值模拟的分析结果表明,随着芯材厚度的增加,折叠夹芯层的压缩强度呈线性增加,其破坏形式由假塑性变形逐渐向脆性破坏转化;面板对夹芯层的约束作用能够极大地提高压缩模量和强度,而且上下面板对压缩性能曲线有着不同的影响;折叠夹芯单元的高度、长度、折叠夹角等参数对其力学性能具有不同程度的影响。     

车用动力电池箱夹芯防护结构抗冲击性能仿真EI北大核心CSCD

针对车用动力电池箱底部冲击防护需求,提出三种具有不同芯层构型的夹芯板结构,并对其防护性能进行了数值仿真和量化分析对比。首先,建立了动力电池箱系统典型冲击工况有限元模型,仿真获得了采用均质底板的电池箱系统动态冲击响应并揭示了结构的变形吸能机理;其次,设计了以空心圆管、BRAS结构和叠层仿生鳞片为芯层的电池箱底部夹芯防护结构;进而,以电池轴向压缩量和最大轴向压缩比、防护效果参数和结构总吸能为评价指标,仿真分析了三种夹芯板的抗冲击防护性能,并与均质防护板进行了对比。最终结果表明,BRAS夹芯板具有最佳的抗冲击性能,可用于动力电池箱系统底部防护。     

梯度铝蜂窝夹芯板的力学行为

梯度分层铝合金蜂窝板是一种有效的吸能结构,本工作在梯度铝蜂窝结构的基础上根据梯度率的概念,通过改变蜂窝芯层的胞壁长度,设计了4种质量相同、梯度率不同的铝蜂窝夹芯结构。通过准静态压缩实验,并结合非线性有限元模拟准静态及冲击态下梯度铝蜂窝夹芯结构的变形情况及其力学性能,分析对比了相同质量下梯度铝蜂窝夹芯结构在准静态下的变形模式以及冲击载荷下分层均质蜂窝结构和不同梯度率的分层梯度蜂窝结构的动态响应和能量吸收特性。结果表明:在准静态压缩过程中,铝蜂窝梯度夹芯板的变形具有明显的局部化特征,蜂窝芯的变形为低密度优先变形直至密实,层级之间的密实化应变差随芯层密度的增大而逐渐减小;在高速冲击下,梯度蜂窝板并非严格按照准静态过程中逐级变形直至密实,而是在锤头冲击惯性及芯层密度的相互作用下整体发生的线弹性变形、弹性屈曲、塑性坍塌及密实化;另外,在本工作所设计的梯度率中,当梯度率为γ₁=0.0276时,梯度蜂窝夹芯板的吸能性达到最好,相较于同等质量下的均质蜂窝夹芯板,能量吸收提高了10.63%。     

方孔蜂窝夹层板在爆炸载荷下的吸能特性

通过有限元数值模拟方法,对方孔蜂窝夹层板在爆炸冲击载荷下的变形机理和吸能特性进行了分析。在单位面积质量以及夹层板芯层薄壁间距、高度给定的情况下,通过对不同夹芯层相对密度下夹层板的吸能率以及上、下面板最大变形的比较,得出了最优的夹芯层相对密度。在此相对密度下,夹芯层吸能率最高,下面板变形最小,夹层板的抗冲击性能最优。同时还讨论了夹层板芯层薄壁间距、厚度、高度以及面板厚度对其各部分吸能率的影响,以得到最优化的夹层板结构。     

纸瓦楞夹层板的压缩变形与塑性吸能特性研究

目的研究在不同压缩速率下纸瓦楞夹层板的压缩变形与塑性吸能特性。方法利用Hoff夹层板、正交各向异性弹性薄板理论和工程梁理论,研究瓦楞夹层板的横向压缩位移,分析瓦楞芯层的压缩变形模式及塑性吸能特性,提出芯层结构的压溃强度模型,并通过静态压缩实验进行对比分析。结果B型、C型纸瓦楞夹层板的压溃强度理论预测值分别为0.1195,0.0612 MPa,在1,12,18,48 mm/min的压缩速率下,B型纸瓦楞夹层板的压溃强度分别为0.1011,0.1071,0.1048,0.1075 MPa,C型纸瓦楞夹层板的压溃强度分别为0.0462,0.0640,0.0475,0.0451 MPa。结论低应变率(低压缩率)条件下,纸瓦楞夹层板的横向压缩性能影响基本不变,弹性强度、屈服强度、压溃强度等基本相同。对于相同的材质,几何参数对纸瓦楞夹层板的压缩性能和塑性吸能影响较大。     

楞型对瓦楞结构材料瓦楞方向准静态力学性能的影响

目的研究不同楞型瓦楞结构材料在准静态条件下对瓦楞方向相关力学性能的影响。方法通过有限元模拟的方法,在准静态压缩条件下,得到不同楞型的瓦楞结构材料在瓦楞方向上的变形模式、应力-应变曲线等,通过能量效率法对其峰应力、密实化应变、平均抗压强度和单位体积吸收能量等进行对比分析。结果在同一壁厚条件下,A,C,B,E这4种楞型的峰应力、平均抗压强度、单位体积吸收能量依次增大;对于任一楞型来说,峰应力、平均抗压强度、单位体积吸收能量随壁厚的增大而增大,且与其呈线性关系;随着壁厚的增大,A,C,B,E这4种楞型的峰应力、平均抗压强度、单位体积吸收能量的增长幅度依次增大。结论楞型对瓦楞结构材料瓦楞方向的力学性能有显著影响,在其他条件相同的情况下,A,C,B,E这4种楞型的力学性能依次增强。     

Advanced composite sandwich structure design for energy absorption applications: Blast protection and crashworthiness

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the response of composite sandwich structures with tubular inserts to quasi-static compression. The performance parameters, namely the peak load, absorbed crash energy, specific energy absorption; average crushing load and crush force efficiency were evaluated. The composite sandwich specimens were fabricated from glass fiber, polystyrene foam and epoxy resin. The primary mode of failure observed was progressive crushing with the composites exhibiting high energy absorption capabilities and high crushes force efficiency. The mechanism of progressive crushing of the sandwich structures and its relation to the energy absorption capabilities was deliberated. Furthermore, a statistical analysis was performed to investigate the effects of the design variables and also to determine if there were interactions between these variables. Such information is vital in the design of polymer composite sandwich structures as energy absorbers.     

多层 U 形A瓦楞结构材料的共面力学性能

目的在不同冲击速度的共面载荷条件下,获取多层U形A瓦楞结构材料动态力学性能参数。方法建立有限元分析模型,并简化能量吸收模型,来评估其能量吸收性能。结果随着冲击速度的不断增大,均匀变形、过渡变形和动态变形等模式随之呈现。结论最佳单位体积的能量吸收主要由动态峰应力决定。在结构参数一定的条件下,共面动态峰应力取决于多层U形A瓦楞结构材料所受到的冲击速度。通过对数值结果的物理分析和讨论,提出了动态峰应力关于冲击速度的经验关系式。     

Some theoretical considerations on the dynamic response of sandwich structures under impulsive loading

A theoretical solution is obtained to predict the dynamic response of peripherally clamped square metallic sandwich panels with either honeycomb core or aluminium foam core under blast loading. In the theoretical analysis, the deformation of sandwich structures is separated into three phases, corresponding to the transfer of impulse to the front face velocity, core crushing and overall structural bending/stretching, respectively. The cellular core is assumed to have a progressive crushing deformation mode in the out-of-plane direction, with a dynamically enhanced plateau stress (for honeycombs). The in-plane strength of the cellular core is assumed unaffected by the out-of-plane compression. By adopting an energy dissipation rate balance approach developed by earlier researchers for monolithic square plates, but incorporating a newly developed yield condition for the sandwich panels in terms of bending moment and membrane force, “upper” and “lower” bounds are obtained for the maximum permanent deflections and response time. Finally, comparative studies are carried out to investigate: (1) influence of the change in the in-plane strength of the core after the out-of-plane compression; (2) performances of a square monolith panel and a square sandwich panel with the same mass per unit area; and (3) analytical models of sandwich beams and circular and square sandwich plates.     

Three-point bending of sandwich beams with aluminum foam-filled corrugated cores

Sandwich panels having metallic corrugated cores had distinctly different attributes from those having metal foam cores, the former with high specific stiffness/strength and the latter with superior specific energy absorption capacity. To explore the attribute diversity, all-metallic hybrid-cored sandwich constructions with aluminum foam blocks inserted into the interstices of steel corrugated plates were fabricated and tested under three-point bending. Analytical predictions of the bending stiffness, initial failure load, peak load, and failure modes were obtained and compared with those measured. Good agreement between analysis and experiment was achieved. Failure maps were also constructed to reveal the mechanisms of initial failure. Foam insertions altered not only the failure mode of the corrugated sandwich but also increased dramatically its bending resistance. All-metallic sandwich constructions with foam-filled corrugated cores hold great potential as novel lightweight structural materials for a wide range of structural and crushing/impulsive loading applications.     

Composite sandwich structures with nested inserts for energy absorption application

Polymer composite sandwich structures are promising candidate structures for reducing vehicle mass, thereby improving the fuel economics. Nonetheless, to fully explore this material as the primary structure and energy absorber in vehicles, it is important to understand the energy absorption capability of this material. Hence, in the present work, comprehensive experimental investigation on the response of composite sandwich structures to quasi-static compression has been carried out. The crashworthiness parameters, namely the peak force, absorbed crash energy, specific absorbed energy, average crushing force and crush force efficiency of various types of composite sandwich structures were investigated in a series of edgewise axial compression tests. The tested composite sandwich specimens were fabricated from glass and carbon fiber with epoxy resin. Four distinct modes of failure were observed and recorded. The primary mode of failure observed was progressive crushing with high energy absorption capability. The optimized design in this study had a specific energy absorption capability of 47.1 kJ/kg with a good crush force efficiency of 0.77, higher than conventional metals.     

Designing and compression behaviors of ductile hierarchical pyramidal lattice composites

To improve the ductility of lightweight cellular material, hierarchical pyramidal lattice truss composites were designed and manufactured. Rib of the hierarchical pyramidal lattice truss composite is made of glass fiber reinforced woven textile sandwich structure and designed weft-loaded. Flat-wise compression experiments were carried out to explore the strength and deformation mode of the hierarchical pyramidal lattice truss composite. Progressive crushing of the sandwich rib enables the hierarchical lattice composite to have a long stable deformation plateau. Stress of the deformation plateau of the hierarchical lattice composite is rather close to its strength, indicating that the hierarchical lattice composite would have excellent specific energy absorption, even better than aluminum lattice structures. The experiments reveal that the hierarchical structure makes the fiber reinforced lattice composite much more ductile and weight efficient in energy absorption.     

层合方式和压缩方向对层合瓦楞纸板压缩性能的影响

目的研究层合方式和压缩方向对层合瓦楞纸板压缩性能的影响。方法通过静态压缩对平齐式和交错式等2种层合瓦楞纸板的3个方向进行实验,得到相应的应力-应变曲线,运用能量效率法对其峰应力、平均抗压强度、总吸能和比能量吸收进行对比分析。结果 2种层合方式的瓦楞纸板在x,y,z方向的应力-应变曲线走势大致相似,峰应力、平均抗压强度、总吸能和比能量吸收均为x方向最大,y方向次之,z方向最小。在x,y,z各个方向上,平齐式层合瓦楞纸板的峰应力、平均抗压强度、总吸能和比能量吸收均高于交错式层合瓦楞纸板。结论不同层合方式和压缩方向对层合瓦楞纸板压缩性能的影响较大,设计重型缓冲包装时可以优先选择平齐式层合瓦楞纸板的x方向,可以更好地达到提高缓冲效果和节约材料的目的。     

选区激光熔化成形的316L不锈钢点阵夹层结构的力学性能和能量吸收性能研究

目的 以选区激光熔化（SLM）成形的316L不锈钢点阵夹层结构为研究对象,研究单一、混合芯层对点阵夹层结构力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响,为轻质高强耐撞点阵夹层结构提供设计依据。方法 通过SLM成形技术,以316L不锈钢粉末为原材料,制备点阵夹层结构,利用扫描电镜对SLM成形的点阵夹层结构几何结构特征进行观察,利用准静态压缩实验对点阵夹层结构的力学性能和能量吸收性能进行研究。结果 在选定的SLM成形工艺参数下,SLM成形的点阵夹层结构芯层的连接杆表面存在一定的粗糙度且斜向连接杆的表面粗糙度比竖直连接杆的表面粗糙度大。在SLM成形的点阵夹层结构中,混合点阵夹层结构BFB和FBF的弹性模量分别为2 525.7 MPa和2 493.8 MPa,屈服强度分别为36.3 MPa和38.3 MPa,能量吸收分别为16 J和17.2 J,比吸能分别为1.21 J/g和1.36 J/g,其弹性模量、屈服强度、能量吸收和比吸能均优于单一BCCZ点阵夹层结构的。在准静态压缩过程中,BFB和FBF这2种混合点阵结构芯层的变形模式不同于单一BCCZ点阵结构芯层的。结论 与单一点阵夹层结构相比,2层BCCZ布置在...