Temperature effects on photoluminescence of YAG:Ce phosphor and performance in white light-emitting diodes

The well crystalline YAG:Ce³⁺ phosphor was synthesized by solid-state method, and the temperature dependence of excitation and emission spectra of YAG:Ce³⁺ phosphor were investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 573 K. With temperature increasing, it was noted that the emission intensity of as-prepared phosphors decreased considerably more rapidly when pumped by 460 nm than by 340 nm. The temperature-intensity curves under different excitation wavelengths were obtained using an Arrhenius function, and the corresponding activation energies were also obtained respectively. Thus, the experimental phenomenon was discussed in terms of nonradiative decay rate. The effects of as-prepared phosphors on the performance of the white LED with changing temperature were also studied.     

Improved photoluminescence of green-emitting phosphor Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Ce3+ for white light emitting diodes

Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Ce3+ phosphors with single-phase were successfully synthesized by a gel-combustion method.Annealing atmosphere greatly affected the luminescent properties of the phosphor.The intensity of absorption band at 450 nm was greatly increased with a reducing atmosphere,which was very suitable as a color converter in white LED.The absorption at 243 and 311 nm was gradually enhanced with a stronger reducing atmosphere and a new absorption peak at 362 nm appeared in N2+H2 mixing gas.The emission intensit...     

Photoluminescence enhancement of YAG：Ce~（3＋） phosphor prepared by co-precipitation-rheological phase method

YAG:Ce3+ phosphor was prepared by a novel co-precipitation-rheological phase method.The resulting YAG:Ce3+ phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and photoluminescent emission spectra.By using acetic acid as solvent,YAG:Ce3+ powder with small particle size(≤2 μm) was obtained at a relatively lower sintering temperature of 1400 oC.With the content of acetic acid increasing,small particles dissolved and disappeared,but larger particles grew up and changed its shape from spherical to partially rectangular.Meanwhile,the emission intensity of the sample prepared by co-precipitation-rheological phase method was about 43% higher than that of the sample prepared by co-precipitation method.It was assumed that the significant improvement of luminescence was mainly because the rheological phase presented a better diffusion environment,and therefore,a better homogeneity of activators of Ce3+.     

Citrate sol-gel combustion preparation and photoluminescence properties of YAG:Ce phosphors

Yellow-emitting YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystalline phosphors were prepared by citrate sol-gel combustion method using citric acid as the fuel and chelating agent. The influence of mole ratio of citric acid to metallic ions (MRCM), pH value of the solution, calcination temperature and Ce-doped concentration on the structures and properties of as-prepared powders were investigated in detail. Higher crystallinity and better luminescence performance powders were obtained at MRCM=2, pH=3 and the calcination temperature of 1200 °C. The phosphors exhibited the characteristic broadband visible luminescence of YAG:Ce. The optimum concentration of Ce3+ was 1.0 mol.%, and the concentration quenching was derived from the reciprocity between electric dipole and electric quadrupole (d-q). Especially, the pH value of the solution was a key factor to obtain a stable sol-gel system and then obtain pure and homogeneous rare earth ions doped YAG phosphors at a lower tem-perature. The Y3Al5O12:Ce0.03 phosphor with optimized synthesis-condition and composition had a similar luminescence intensity with the commercial phosphor YAG:Ce.     

Synthesis of YAG:Ce3+ Phosphor by Polyacrylamide Gel Method and Promoting Action of α-Al2O3 Seed Crystal on Phase Formation

YAG:Ce3 phosphor particles were prepared using polyacrylamide gel method. The structure evolution of powders during annealing process was followed by X-ray diffraction determination. It is found that some intermediate phases, including θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, are formed when calcining polyacrylamide gel, however, the pure YAG phase can be formed directly when calcining polyacrylamide gel with α-Al2O3 as seed crystal. These facts show that the existence of α-Al2O3 seed crystal can block the formation of θ-Al2O3, YAM and YAP, and accelerate its reaction with Y2O3 to form YAG phase directly at lower temperature. The emission peak of prepared YAG:Ce3 phosphor is wide with maximum at 550 nm and the exitation band has two peaks, the major one is around at 460 nm, which matches the blue emission of GaN LED and is suitable for the assemble of white LED. Some fluxes can enhance the photoluminescence intensity of phosphor particles, that can be attributed both to the improvement of crystallization processes of YAG and to the stabilization of trivalence cerium ion in YAG:Ce3 .     

YAG:Ce3+荧光粉制备技术的研究进展

综述了白光LED用YAG:Ce3+黄色荧光粉多种制备技术的新进展,包括固相反应法、溶胶-凝胶法、喷雾干干燥法、燃烧法、共沉淀法、共沉淀-熔盐法等,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了综合比较,展望了该领域的发展前景及研究趋势.     

A novel method for the synthesis of YAG:Ce phosphor

YAG:Ce phosphor was synthesized by a novel simple method,wherein the admixture of three raw materials(Y2O3,α-Al2O3 and CeO2) were first acidified by diluted nitric acid to prepare a precursor,followed by a high temperature heating treatment of the obtained precursor under reductive atmosphere.Through XRD measurement and SEM observation,it was found that Y2O3,one of the raw material,was firstly dissolved into the diluted nitric acid,and then recrystallized on the surface of both α-Al2O3 and CeO2 to form a no...     

Luminescent characteristics of LiCaBO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor for white light emitting diode

LiCaBO3:Eu3+ phosphor was synthesized by high solid-state reaction method, and its luminescent characteristics were investigated. The emission and excitation spectra of LiCaBO3:Eu3+ phosphors exhibited that the phosphors could be effectively excited by near ultraviolet (400 nm) and blue (470 nm) light, and emitted red light. The effect of Eu3+ concentration on the emission spectrum of LiCaBO3:Eu3+ phos-phor was studied. The results showed that the emission intensity increased with increasing Eu3～ concentration, and then decreased because of concentration quenching. It reached the maximum at 3mol.% Eu3+, and the concentration self-quenching mechanism was the d-d interaction according to the Dexter theory. Under the conditions of charge compensator Li+, Na+ or K+ incorporated in LiCaBO3, the emission intensities of LiCaBO3:Eu3+ phosphor were enhanced.     

YAG: Ce Phosphors for WLED via Nano-Pesudoboehmite Sol-Gel Route

The sub-micron sized YAG: Ce phosphors were synthesized via a modified sol-gel method by peptizing nano-pesudoboehmite particulate. It is found that YAG phase from the dried gel powders appears at 1000 ℃ then the pure YAG phase exists at a relatively lower sintering temperature of 1400 ℃. The smaller sizes of phosphors in the ranges of 1 ～ 3 μm are obtained due to the contribution of seeding effects of nano-sized alumina particles to strengthen each step of the processes. Both the excitation and emission spectra of photoluminescence of the phosphor obtained at 1400 ℃ meet well with the spectroscopic requirements of the WLED phosphors.     

Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized YAG:Ce,Sm spherical phosphors

YAG:Ce,Sm spherical phosphors were synthesized by malic acid sol-gel method.The formation process of crystalline was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)technique.The influence of Sm3+ doping on the luminescent intensity and the morphology of phosphors were studied by fluorescence spectrum and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)techniques,respectively.The results indicated that the size of spherical powders was about 100 nm calcined at 1200 ℃ for 3 h.The emission spectra of phosphors showed gradual red-shift from 525 to 540 nm with the increase of doping concentration of Sm3+ ion.A broadband emission spectrum of Ce3+ ion appeared at 540 nm,and a series of emission peaks corresponding to the 4G5/2→6HJ transition of Sm3+ ion also appeared at 617 nm with the doping of Sm3+.The red component of YAG:Ce phosphors increased with the doping of Sm3+.     

Carbon interstitial defects causing emission red shift in YAG:Ce phosphor: First-principles calculation

Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ is the most famous phosphor material due to its excellent photolumincent properties. Here, through first-principles calculation, the effect of carbon interstitial defects on Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphor was investigated. It is found that the carbon interstitials tend to occupy the next-nearest sites of Ce³⁺ ion in Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ lattice. Specially, these interstitial defects can shorten the Ce³⁺–O^2– bond length, leading to a larger crystal field splitting of 5d orbital of the Ce³⁺ atom and bigger 5d centroid shift. These two factors cause the emission spectrum of Y₃Al₅O₁₂(C):Ce³⁺ red shift compared with that of Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺. Moreover, with our comparison experiment, we find that the Y₃Al₅O₁₂(C):Ce³⁺ has an obvious red shift compared with that of Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ system, which is in accord with our first principles calculation. Our work systematically investigates the impact of the carbon interstitial defect on Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺, and provides a new route to tune the emission spectrum in Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a novel red-emitting phosphor SrCaSiO_4：Eu~（3＋） for ultraviolet white light-emitting diodes

A novel red phosphor based on Eu3+-activated SrCaSiO4 was successfully synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method and the photoluminescence properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that SrCaSiO4:Eu3+ phosphors belong to orthorhombic crystal system (space group=Pmnb). The photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectrum showed broad-band absorption and the strongest excitation peak at 397 nm contributed to the 7F0→5L6 transition which matched well with the emission of a...     

Luminescence characteristics of LiCaBO_3:Tb~(3+) phosphor for white LEDs

A novel green phosphor,LiCaBO3:Tb3+,was synthesized by solid state reaction method,its luminescence characteristics were investigated,and the formation of phosphors were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD).Its excitation band extended from 220 to 400 nm,which was coupled well with the emission of UV LED(350-410 nm).It exhibited a strong green emission located at 544 nm with chromatic coordination(0.25,0.58).The emission intensities of LiCaBO3:Tb3+ phosphor were influenced by varying Tb3+ concentratio...     

Robust YAG:Ce single crystal for ultra-high efficiency laser lighting

At present, solid-state laser-driven lighting fabricated with blue laser diode (LD) and phosphor has been greatly developed in high-power lighting applications. The major obstacle is the luminescence saturation threshold of the fluorescence conversion material (YAG:Ce). In this work, we successfully prepared a series of high-quality and robust YAG:Ce single crystals. With high quantum efficiency (QE = 92%), regular crystal structure and high thermal conductivity, the single-crystal has excellent ability to deal with high radiation flux and thermal accumulation generated by high power. Matching the single-crystal with the laser, the luminous efficiency up to 274 lm/W and saturation threshold of 12 W/mm² were obtained. In addition, the influence of Ce doping concentration and sample processing conditions on the indicators in laser-driven white lighting was systematically studied. The results are of great significance and are believed to promote the development of solid-state laser-driven lighting.     

Synthesis and characterization of YAG:Ce³⁺ fluorescence powders by co-precipitation method

YAG:Ce3+(Yttrium aluminum garnet) fluorescence powders were successfully prepared by co-precipitation method using aluminum nitrate,yttrium nitrate,cerous nitrate as the starting materials and ammonium carbonate as precipitant.The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,luminescence spectrometer,transmission electron microscope(TEM).The XRD results showed that the obtained YAG:Ce3+ fluorescence powders had the crystalline structures of YAG at calcinations temperature of 900 oC and the TEM results showed that the grain diameters were about 100 nm.The YAG:Ce3+ fluorescence powders,synthesized by co-precipitation method,had the best luminescence property when the Ce doping amount was x=0.06 in the molecular formula of Y3-xCexAl5O12,the calcinations time was 2 h and the calcinations temperature was 1000 °C.     

Hydrothermal preparation and photoluminescent property of LiY(MoO4)2:Pr3+red phosphors for white light-emitting diodes

Praseodymium doped lithium yttrium molybdate Li Y1-8x Pr x(Mo O4)2(x=0.005–0.025) phosphors were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. The phase, morphology, and luminescent property of the prepared phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that doping of Pr3+ ions did not change the main phase of the phosphors. The samples emitted red luminescence upon excitation at 453 nm and the strongest emission peak corresponding to the characteristic transition of the Pr3+ ion: 3P0→3F2 was observed at 657 nm. Li Y(Mo O4)2:Pr3+ red phosphors could be effectively excited by blue light emitting-diodes to emit red light; thus, acting as potential candidates for compensating the red light deficiency of cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet yellow phosphor.     

Spherical YAG:Ce3+ Phosphor Particles Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis

Spherical YAG:Ce3 phosphor particles with narrow size distribution were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The effects of the concentration of solution, the flow rate of carrier gas and the annealing temperature on the phosphor morphology were studied. The productivity of precursor particles shows a trend of drop after rising with the increase of concentration. Raising the flow rate of nitrogen can improve the productivity of the precursor particles. Phosphor prepared by spray pyrolysis has obviously higher emission intensity than that synthesized by solid state reaction, spray pyrolysis makes Ce3 ions well distributed in the crystal lattice as the luminescent centers, and phosphor particles have regular sphericity and narrow size distribution.     

Photoluminescent properties of Sr2SiO4:Eu3+ and Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphors prepared by solid-state reaction method

Eu2+ and (or) Eu3+ doped Sr2SiO4 phosphors particles were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction technique, and their structural and optical properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the obtained phosphors were composed of orthorhombic α'-Sr2SiO4 and monoclinic β-Sr2SiO4 phase. When excited under 256 nm, Sr2SiO4:Eu3+ phosphors showed intense emission in the red region. Sr2SiO4:Eu3+ phosphors exhibited white emissions (x=0.30, y=0.40, TC=6500 K) ranging from 425 to 650 nm when it was excited by near-ultraviolet (near-UV) light, indicating that Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ was a good light-conversion phosphor candidate for near-UV chip.     

Luminescent properties of Ca2SiO4:Eu3+ red phosphor for trichromatic white light emitting diodes

The luminescent properties of Eu3 doped Ca2SiO4 red phosphors synthesized by the flux fusion reaction method were investigated. It was found that the excitation spectrum included two regions: the weak excitation band below 325 nm and strong narrow peaks above 325 nm. The main peak of the excitation band was located at 400 nm. The peaks located at 290 nm were assigned to the combination of the charge transfer transition of O-Eu, peaks above 325 nm (325, 385, 400, 470, 511, and 539 nm) were assigned to the f–f transitions of Eu3 . The emission spectrum was dominated by the red peak located at 612 nm due to the electric dipole transition of 5D0–7F2. In addition, the ef- fects of the Eu3 content and charge compensators of Li , Na , K , and Cl– ions on the emission intensity were investigated. The experiment results suggested that the strongest emission was obtained when the concentration of the Eu3 ions was 0.3 mol–1, and Li ions gave the best improvement to enhance the emission intensity. Ca2SiO4:Eu3 , Li was thus suitable for low-cost trichromatic white light emitting diodes (WLED) based on UV InGaN chip.