A study of through-thickness texture gradients in rolled sheets

A method to simulate shear effects and through-thickness texture gradients in rolled sheet materials is introduced. The strain history during a rolling pass is idealized by superimposing a sine-shaped evolution of the ₁₃ shear component to a plane-strain state. These generic strain histories are enforced in a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal deformation model to simulate texture evolution as a function of through-thickness position. The VPSC scheme is deemed superior to a full constraints (FC) or relaxed constraints (RC) approach, because it allows one to fully prescribe diagonal and shear-strain-rate components while still accounting for grain-shape effects. The idealized strain states are validated by comparison with deformation histories obtained through finite-element method (FEM) calculations. The through-thickness texture gradients are accounted for by introducing a relative variation of the sine-shaped ₁₃ shear with respect to the plane-strain component. The simulation results are validated, in turn, by comparison with typical examples of through-thickness texture gradients observed experimentally in rolled plates and in sheets of fcc and bcc materials.     

Structural states of the material of compacts and sheets made from an Al-Cu-Li alloy with silver

The structure of hot-rolled sheets of V-1469 alloy of the Al-Cu-Li system with silver is studied. The sheets are prepared from ingots 70 mm in diameter by the ingot-pressed strip-hot-rolled sheet scheme. The texture of the pressed strips is characterized by the set of orientations (Bs, S, Cu) typical of thin pressed strips of aluminum alloys. During subsequent hot rolling, the Bs orientation weakens and the Cu and S orientations become more intense. This behavior indicates that a change in the crystallite orientations in the material of the sheets is controlled by a β-skeleton line in the Euler rectangle. According to the data of electron microscopic study, the main contribution to hardening during aging is made by the T₁ and Θ′ phases and the role of δ′-phase precipitates is insignificant. No precipitates of the T₂ phase are observed. The significant anisotropy of the yield stress in the 45°-direction with respect to the rolling direction is associated with T₁ and Θ′-phase precipitates.     

第二相粒子与织构对高强Cu-Ni-Si系合金薄板各向异性的影响

利用利用X射线衍射、电子背散射衍射和透射电子显微镜等手段研究了Cu-Ni-Si系合金在不同固溶温度下第二相与织构对其平面各向异性的影响.结果表明:随固溶温度的升高,合金强度和伸长率均出现先升高后降低的趋势,且存在明显的各向异性;800℃固溶时,Cu'和S'为主织构,部分形变晶粒诱发少量Brass、Goss和{011}〈511〉取向的形成,使得合金各向异性减弱;高温固溶时(≥ 850℃),晶粒发生完全再结晶,Cu'和S'织构强度显著增加,Brass等织构减弱甚至消失,各向异性增强;850℃固溶时效后形成δ-Ni₂Si析出相,并与基体满足[001]_Cu//[相似文献   

汽车车身用Al-Mg-Si合金薄板织构及r值的研究

采用织构测定分析、TEM观察和拉伸实验研究了退火态、固溶态及T4态汽车车身用Al-0.9Mg-1.0Si-0.7Cu-0.6Mn合金薄板的再结晶晶粒取向、拉伸变形时的晶粒转动规律及其对板材塑性应变比r值的影响.结果表明:具有copper和brass取向的冷轧铝板经410℃×1 h退火或540℃×0.5 h固溶处理后,其再结晶主织构均为绕板法线方向旋转20°的立方取向,即Cube+ND20,自然时效对再结晶织构无明显影响;单向拉伸过程中主织构Cube+ND20取向晶粒绕板法线ND向100方向旋转5°左右,成为Cube+ND15取向,同时取向密度降低;不同热处理状态铝板在拉伸变形任意应变量时的r值均大致相同.     

Crystallographic textures in rolled and annealed Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys

The feasibility of obtaining [001] preferred texture in polycrystalline Fe₈₅Ga₁₅ and Fe₈₅Al₁₅ magnetostrictive alloys containing 1 mol pct NbC using a low-cost conventional thermomechanical processing approach is shown in this work. Thermomechanical processing conditions examined consisted of a sequence of hot rolling, two-stage warm rolling at 400 °C with intermediate anneal at 900 °C and texture anneal in the temperature range of 900 °C to 1300 °C for time periods up to 24 hours. Textures present prior to and after texture annealing were characterized using orientation imaging microscopy in a scanning electron microscope. In the case of Fe₈₅Ga₁₅ alloy with 1 mol pct NbC, the deformation-induced texture after a two-stage warm rolling consists of mixed {100} 〈110〉 and {111} 〈110〉 type partial textures. Texture annealing of the Fe₈₅Ga₁₅ alloy with 1 mol pct NbC at 1150 °C for 2 hours changes the texture to a predominant texture that is close to {001}〈100〉. On increasing the annealing time to 24 hours, the texture shifts toward {110}〈100〉. While texture anneal at both 1150 °C and 1300 °C produces a [001] or near-[001] preferred orientation along the rolling direction in the Fe₈₅Ga₁₅ alloy with 1 mol pct NbC, 1150 °C-24 hour treatment was found to provide the strongest [001] orientation among the conditions examined. Similar trends are observed for the case of Fe₈₅Al₁₅ alloy with 1 mol pct NbC.     

X-ray diffraction study of the structural evolution in a grade 1469 (Al-Cu-Li) alloy during the production of hot-rolled sheets

X-ray diffraction is used to study the structural changes in a grade 1469 (Al-Cu-Li) alloy with a high lithium content that occur during the production of hot-rolled sheets according to the ingot → pressed strip → hot-rolled sheet schedule. In the pressed strip, a multicomponent Bs {110}〈112〉, Cu {211}〈111〉, and S {123}〈111〉 texture forms, which is typical of articles pressed from such alloys, and an unusual intense single-component texture of the Ex₁ {011}〈111〉 type forms in the hot-rolled sheets. Its formation is stimulated by cross rolling of the sheets. The low strength characteristics of the hot-rolled sheets after heat treatment are related to an elevated heating temperature used for quenching and to the oriented precipitation of the lamellar particles of the hardening T ₁ phase.     

鄂钢冷轧防盗门板的生产开发

介绍用牌号为SPHC的热轧卷做原料,通过酸洗、轧制、罩式退火及平整工艺试制生产冷轧防盗门板.试制结果表明:试制生产的防盗门板同板差较小,力学性能稳定,钢卷表面质量优良,很好的满足了用户使用要求.     

The effect of finishing temperature on the texture and structure of hot rolled 1 pct Si steel

An investigation has been made of the effect of finishing temperature on the texture and structure of a commercial, 1 pct Si steel. Finishing temperatures in the range of 1610° to 1280°F were found to produce three types of rolling texture. Texture I, which was close to random, occurred with finishing temperatures in the range 1610° to 1580°F; texture II, which consisted of a strong [011] fiber texture in the rolling direction, occurred with increasing intensity in the range 1580° to 1430°F, while below 1430°F texture III was developed and consisted of the [011] fiber texture together with a strong 〈111〉 fiber texture, with the fiber axis parallel with the sheet normal. It was found that these three types of texture could be related to microstructures which ranged from equiaxed at 1610°F through a duplex recrystallized structure at intermediate temperatures to an elongated “cold worked” structure at the lowest finishing temperature.     

Metallurgical aspects in cold rolled high strength steel sheets

Cold rolled high strength steel sheets with yield strength from 300 to 500 N/mm² have been developed by using conventional equipment for producing commercial cold rolled steel sheet, that is, cold rolling, box annealing, and temper rolling. Effective alloying elements for strengthening are carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, niobium, etc. The sheets up to 400 N/mm² yield strength grade are easily produced by selecting appropriate chemical compositions. The sheets with higher yield strength grade than 450 N/mm² are obtained by introducing the new idea that the steel with more than 2 pct manganese is annealed between A₁ and A₃ transformation temperatures, and moderately temper rolled. Increase of tensile strength does not affect deep drawability while it deteriorates stretch-forming and stretch-flanging properties. As for electric resistance spot welding, shear tension strength increases in proportion to tensile strength, but cross tension strength hardly increases or tends to decrease. These sheets have been applied to door beams and bumper reinforcements.     

Metallurgical aspects in cold rolled high strength steel sheets

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Cold rolled high strength steel sheets with yield strength from 300 to 500 N/mm2 have been developed by using conventional equipment for producing...     

循环应变-高温退火制备Al-Cu-Li合金单晶

通过循环预拉伸应变-高温退火制备Al-Cu-Li合金单晶,同时探讨循环预拉伸应变-高温退火过程中预拉伸应变量、循环应变退火次数、应变退火温度对Al-Cu-Li合金晶粒长大的影响以及晶粒长大的过程与机制.研究结果表明,通过循环预拉伸应变退火可以使得合金晶粒异常长大,并且成功制备出厘米级别的宏观粗大晶粒,其长大机理主要为应...     

Properties of thermomechanically rolled Nb/Ti microalloyed steel sheets

Structure and mechanical properties of a Nb/Ti microalloyed steel, thermomechanically rolled on a strip-production facility, are evaluated. Small (0.02%) titanium addition to niobium-containing steel is found to increase precipitation while reducing grain-refining potential of niobium. This effect increases with increasing finish-rolling temperature, and is also reflected in an increased charpy energy transition temperature. A reduced tendency for precipitation in a nitrogen-free austenite together with the short interpass times in the finishing train, is assumed to reduce the tendency for pancaking, which is prerequisite for an effective grain refining.