低温合成苯乙烯-马来酸酐交替共聚物

苯乙烯(St)和马来酸酐(MA)自由基引发共聚反应,生成共聚物SMA,是典型的交替共聚。在过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)引发下,以丙酮为溶剂,采用溶液聚合法合成苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,并用收率作为评价标准,对反应条件进行研究。结果表明,在温度为60℃,BPO的质量分数x(BPO)=0.3%,n(苯乙烯)∶n(马来酸酐)=1∶1,w(单体)=30%,反应2 h的条件下,聚合物的收率可达到98.5%。利用化学滴定法测得聚合物中马来酸酐摩尔分数为49.91%,结合理论,证明了合成的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物是一种交替共聚物。一种低温合成苯乙烯-马来酸酐交替共聚物的工艺得到开发。     

颜料分散用马来酸酐-乙醇胺-苯乙烯水性高分子助剂的合成

以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,马来酸酐、乙醇胺、苯乙烯为单体,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,采用溶液聚合法合成了聚羧酸型马来酸酐–乙醇胺–苯乙烯(MA–EA–St)高分子分散剂,研究了聚合反应温度和时间、引发剂用量及酰化马来酸酐与苯乙烯的摩尔比对TiO2颗粒悬浮率的影响,获得了较佳的聚合反应条件为:n(酰化马来酸酐)∶n(苯乙烯)=1.25,聚合反应温度75°C、时间5 h,引发剂用量占单体总质量的2%。当此条件下合成的MA–EA–St分散剂用量为2.5 g/L时,TiO2颗粒的悬浮率为97.42%,达到较佳的分散效果。     

马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)和马来酸酐(MA)为单体,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法,合成了一种无磷助洗剂丙烯酸和马来酸酐共聚物。研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、聚合反应温度对助洗性能的影响。确定了最佳产品的合成条件:单体中MA∶AA=1∶3(质量比),引发剂与单体质量比为4%,氧化剂∶还原剂=2∶1(质量比),反应温度为90℃,反应时间1.5h。研究了此条件下合成的聚合物与阴离子表面活性剂间的相互作用。     

新型三元聚合物阻垢剂的合成及性能评价

在水溶液中,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MAC)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为反应单体,合成无磷聚合物(MA/MAC/SMAS)。探讨了阻垢剂投加量、阻垢实验温度对聚合物阻垢率的影响,在静态试验条件下评价了其对氧化铁的分散性能,用正交实验法确定了最佳合成条件:单体配比n(马来酸酐)∶n(丙烯酸甲酯)∶n(甲基丙烯磺酸钠)=1.5∶0.5∶0.1,引发剂用量为单体的10%(wt),反应温度为80℃,反应时间为3 h。结果表明:引发剂用量是影响聚合物阻垢率的主要因素,该聚合物具有良好的阻垢分散性,阻垢率高达90.1%,     

丙烯酸/马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸甲酯涂料分散剂的合成研究

以丙烯酸、马来酸酐和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,过硫酸钠为引发剂,采用溶液聚合法,利用正交实验合成了一种涂料用水性分散剂聚丙烯酸-马来酸酐-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。实验结果表明,单体配比为n(AA)∶n(MAH)∶n(MMA)=1∶0.25∶0.25,引发剂占单体总质量的0.4%,反应温度为85℃,反应为4h,合成的分散剂分散效果最佳。     

可生物降解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的合成工艺研究

以苯乙烯与马来酸酐为聚合单体,在适宜的条件下合成得到可降解的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物。考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、物料比等因素对SMA共聚物中马来酸酐含量及特性粘数的影响。结果表明,BPO量为0.3%、n(St)/n(MA)=1.2∶1、聚合反应温度125℃、聚合反应时间3 h,可以得到相对分子质量Mn=27 303、分子量分布Mw/Mn=1.873 736的SMA共聚物。利用红外谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物进行了表征确认。     

可生物降解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的合成工艺研究

以苯乙烯与马来酸酐为聚合单体,在适宜的条件下合成得到可降解的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物。考察了引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、物料比等因素对SMA共聚物中马来酸酐含量及特性粘数的影响。结果表明,BPO量为0.3%、n(St)/n(MA)=1.2∶1、聚合反应温度125℃、聚合反应时间3 h,可以得到相对分子质量Mn=27 303、分子量分布Mw/Mn=1.873 736的SMA共聚物。利用红外谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物进行了表征确认。     

MAPS四元共聚物硅垢防垢剂的合成与评价

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为原料,采用水溶液聚合法得到了一种四元共聚物(MAPS)硅垢防垢剂。通过单因素实验并以硅垢防垢率为评价指标来确定共聚物最佳合成条件:单体总质量分数为30%,n(MA)∶n(AA)∶n(SMAS)∶n(PEG)=1∶1∶0.4∶0.03,引发剂投加量为8%,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为3 h。在防垢剂加量为100 mg/L时,硅垢防垢率为76%;在防垢剂投加量为60 mg/L时,碳酸钙垢防垢率为91%。     

本体聚合法制备低分子量水基钻井液降粘剂

采用本体聚合的方法,以苯乙烯(St)和马来酸酐(MA)为原料制备苯乙烯-马来酸酐聚合物(SMA),采用氯磺酸进一步磺化后得到低分子量的水基钻井液降粘剂磺化苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SSMA)。研究了单体配比、聚合温度、引发剂用量以及链转移剂用量对产物降粘性能的影响。结果表明,SMA的最佳合成条件为:在St与MA的摩尔比为1∶1的条件下,聚合温度为65℃,引发剂的用量为单体总质量的1.5%,链转移剂的用量为单体总质量的4%,经磺化改性制得的SSMA降粘剂能显著降低钻井液的粘度。利用红外光谱仪、凝胶色谱仪和差热分析仪对聚合物进行表征,可知所合成的聚合物结构与设计结构基本一致,重均分子量在3 000⁵ 000之间,分子量较低;通过热重分析曲线可知,在289℃左右失重保持在90%以上,聚合物热稳定性能良好。     

MA/AA/SSS三元共聚物的制备及其阻垢性能研究

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)、对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)为单体,水作溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,异丙醇为链转移剂,通过自由基聚合法制备了具有阻垢性能MA/AA/SSS三元共聚物。采用红外光谱法(FTIR)和热重分析(TG)等物理手段对聚合物化学结构及热稳定性进行表征。以共聚物的阻垢率为考察指标,系统研究了单体摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量、链转移剂用量等因素对其阻垢性能的影响。研究结果表明,当MA、AA、SSS的摩尔比为4∶2∶1,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4 h,引发剂用量为单体总质量的10%,链转移剂用量为单体总质量9%时,共聚物对Ca CO_3阻垢率可达85.6%。     

Core‐shell latex synthesized by emulsion polymerization using an alkali‐soluble resin as sole surfactant

A series of alkali‐soluble resins were prepared from esterification reaction of styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) and four fatty alcohols having different alkyl chains. The critical aggregates concentration of the prepared hemiester was lower than SMA, indicating that modification of SMA resin with long alkyl chains could improve their emulsification efficiency. The detailed experiments of emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate using these hemiesters as sole surfactants showed that SMA‐C12‐75, SMA‐C14‐70, and SMA‐C16‐65 were good surfactants. In the end, we successfully prepared stable latexes using above three good surfactants with relatively low surfactant concentration and high solid content. Characterization of latexes by Zetasizer and transmission electron microscopy revealed that particles of these latexes have core‐shell nanostructure with average particle size below 60 nm. Compared with SMA, the improvement of emulsification efficiency of its hemiesters may come from the better hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance and steric stabilization after incorporation of long alkyl chain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Use of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA resins) in emulsion copolymerization

The composition and quantity of styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer resins were varied in emulsion copolymerizations of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate conducted by both batch and semicontinuous processes. The resulting particle sizes and levels of coagulum were measured to determine the optimum conditions for incorporation of the SMA resins into the resulting latexes. A semicontinuous process, in which no buffer was included and the SMA was added in a second stage comonomer emulsion, was found to produce coagulum-free latexes. These recipes, however, relied on nucleation of the polymer particles by conventional surfactants [nonyl phenol poly(ethylene) oxide and its corresponding sulfate salt] with a first-stage addition of a monomer emulsion prepared with these surfactants. SMA1000, having a 1/1 ratio of styrene to maleic anhydride in its copolymer, was determined to be the preferred resin (as opposed to SMA2000 and SMA3000, having SMA ratios of 2/1 and 3/1, respectively) because it interacted the least with conventional surfactants, which allowed its ready incorporation into coagulum-free recipes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 2729–2747, 1998     

聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐对硫磺水悬浮剂分散稳定性的影响

[目的]聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)作为性能优良的分散剂广泛应用于石油、建筑、化工、印刷等领域,但在农药悬浮剂方面研究较少,实验旨在探索其在农药悬浮剂中的应用。[方法]通过改变单体配料比或引发剂用量合成一系列SMA,并将其应用于硫磺悬浮剂中,通过测定其平均粒径、Zeta电势和pH值进行应用研究。[结果]马来酸酐含量为43%、相对分子质量为21019的SMA对25%硫磺悬浮剂有较好的分散稳定性,其最佳用量为2%。[结论]SMA可以很好地用作农药分散剂。     

梳形抗盐聚合物的应用与研究进展

梳形抗盐聚合物KYPAM在大庆、胜利和华北油田的聚合物驱、三元复合驱和深部调驱现场应用中已取得很好的效果 ,各油田正在加大推广应用范围。进一步改进梳形抗盐聚合物的结构研究取得重大进展 ,增稠能力大幅度提高 ,进一步验证了梳形聚合物分子设计理论。     

Synthesizing and characterization of comb-shaped carbazole containing copolymer via combination of ring opening polymerization and nitroxide-mediated polymerization

The macro-TEMPO agent (poly(4-glycidyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), PGTEMPO) was synthesized by anion ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of 4-glycidyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (GTEMPO) using potassium t-butoxide as the initiator. The comb-shaped copolymer, PGTEMPO-g-PVBK, was prepared via nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization (NMP) using PGTEMPO as macro-TEMPO agent and 9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole (VBK) as the monomer. The polymerizations showed characteristics of “living”/controlled behavior. The optical properties, thermal analysis and electrochemical properties of the comb-shaped copolymers were investigated. The fluorescence and ultraviolet intensity and cyclic voltammetries of the comb-shaped copolymers with different molecular weight showed a regular order.     

Structure-activity relationship of surfactant for preparing DMFC anodic catalyst

Three kinds of surfactants as stabilizer were applied to the preparation of electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The catalysts have been characterized by examining their catalytic activities, morphologies and particle sizes by means of cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the surfactants with different structures have a significantly influence on the catalyst shape and activity. The catalysts prepared with non-ionic surfactants as the stabilizer show higher activity for direct oxidation of methanol. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis has been explored and the effect of hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB value) has also been discussed.     

表面活性剂在超细粉体制备和分散中的应用

综述了表面活性剂在超细粉体制备和使用分散过程中的应用;介绍了几种制备超细粉体的湿化学法,包括溶胶-凝胶法、化学沉淀法、微乳液法、水热合成法,并介绍了表面活性剂在其中的应用情况;简要说明了表面活性剂的分散机理及分散过程中存在的影响因素;随着超细粉体技术的不断发展,表面活性剂应用技术也在不断地发展,展望了表面活性剂在超细粉体材料领域的广阔应用前景。     

Preparation and surface activity of water-soluble polyesters

A novel series of water-soluble polyester surfactants has been prepared by the polymerization of SIPM, PA, and PEG. The unique structural features of these surfactants have been confirmed by IR and NMR analyses. These water-soluble polyester surfactants have been found to exhibit excellent surface active properties including surface tension, low-foaming, solubilization, and dispersant properties for disperse dyes.     

Preparation of Comb-Like Amphiphilic Styrene Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Derivatives and Their Modification to Surface of Chrome-Tanned Collagen Fiber

A series of comb-like amphiphilic surfactants of sodium salts of fatty alcohol polyoxyvinethene monoester, i.e., SMA-g-O-3, SMA-g-O-6, SMA-g-O-10, SMA-g-O-15 and SMA-g-O-20, were prepared through the esterification modification to styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) using fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in dimethylformamide(DMF). The products of esterification modification were characterized by FTIR and GPC analysis, and the esterification reaction rate was calculated by measuring the acid values of SMA and its esterification product. Then, sodium salts of those esterification substances were applied to the leather retaining and fatliquoring process to study their effects on hydrophobicity of the treated leather fiber, such as static Water Contact Angle (WCA) on the leather surface and water absorption of the treated leather. Results showed that all the esterification rates were more than 90 %; moreover, both the WCA and water absorption of the processed chrome-tanned collagen fibers were related to the number of oxyethyl groups in the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. WCA decreases and water absorption increases instead with augmentation of the oxyethyl group number.     

Influence of anionic and non-ionic surfactants on the synthesis of core-shell Fe3O4@TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized by hydrothermal method

Magnetite spinel nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) coated titanium dioxide has been prepared by the solvo-hydrothermal method for application in dye degradation and wastewater remediation. The core-shell Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized using titanium butoxide (TBT) and ferric chloride as precursors. In this method, firstly, magnetite nanoparticles have been prepared through a solvothermal process using ethylene glycol as a solvent. Then, titanium butoxide was used as a precursor to synthesize Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ core-shell nanoparticles using the hydrothermal method. The surfactants that were added, in separate synthetic processes, were anionic oleic acid and Sodium Dodecyl sulfonate, and non-ionic Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Polyethylene glycol. The effects of the various surfactants on the fabrication of core-shell magnetic nanoparticles were studied. Various characterization methods have been established to examine the morphology and magnetization features of the nanostructured particles, such as XRD, FTIR, TEM, FESEM, UV-spectroscopy, and VSM, etc., which validated the formation of Titania coated magnetite nanoparticles. The TiO₂ shell formation drastically reduces the saturation magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles. The Oleic acid as a surfactant produces the smallest nanoparticles. The PVP coating is best amongst these surfactants for the retention of saturation magnetization upon coating.