凯洛格氨合成塔升温方法的改进

凯洛格氨合成流程中设计有一条用氮气升温的管线,本文介绍了内蒙古化肥厂充分利用此管线,改进了升温方法,缩短了工艺升气升温的时间,减少了工艺气的浪费,取得了一定的效益。     

焦炉煤气制甲醇装置运行探讨

针对焦炉煤气制甲醇装置中存在的原催化剂氮气升温管线流量不足,转化炉夹套结垢及焦炉气压缩机跳车切氧不及时等问题进行了改进;介绍了装置采用金属中心烧嘴、湿法脱硫及转化气脱硫槽安装位置合理的技术优势,分析了精脱硫工艺系统及合成气压缩机冷却器堵塞等需进一步优化及解决的问题。     

天然气长输管道气推气投产工艺混气段影响因素

在我国输气管线建设发展过程中,如何通过天然气长输管线置换投产技术保障输气管线的安全性是现阶段研究的重点,而加强对天然气长输管道气推气投产工艺混气段形成过程的分析,了解对于混气段影响的因素,可以提升运行的效果,保障天然气长输管道混气段控制工作的有效开展。对此,文章主要对天然气长输管道气推气投产工艺混气段影响因素进行了简单的探究分析。     

利用热交换器进行变换触媒升温硫化

电加热器无法使用,对工艺管线略加改造,利用热交换器加热进行变换触媒升温硫化,并提出了该工艺的更好的改进方案。     

大型合成氨装置高温变换炉升温工艺改进及应用

针对K型合成氨厂工艺流程,借鉴低温变换反应器还原系统的工艺思路,充分利用现有设备,对高温变换炉升温流程进行改造,将低温变换还原系统与高温变换炉工艺管线相连接,实现高温变换炉单独升温,节省开工时间25h。     

天然气处理装置工艺优化方案研究及实施

273装置中增压气处理设备及工艺管线处于闲置状态,既造成浪费,又有碍于中压气系统操作,同时中压气处理部分流程还存在不合理性。325装置随着增压气增多,冷却器的处理量不够而走旁通,从而增加了下段氨制冷系统的负荷,另一方面,低温分离器分离出的低温凝液需要升温,致使设备满负荷工作,大量能量浪费。为了解决以上问题,决定制定工艺方案,对以上两套装置进行优化,既满足生产,又充分利用能量,降低能耗,减少凝液外排,保护环境。     

醇烃化原料气精制工艺的运行及认识

介绍了醇烃化原料气精制工艺的特点、催化剂升温还原及实际运行情况，并对该工艺的认识进行了探讨。     

二氧化碳机组段间工艺气温度低改造

二氧化碳压缩机机组段间工艺气温度一直偏低,正常运行时达不到工艺设计要求,导致脱硫催化剂入口温度偏低,影响催化剂的使用寿命。通过变更已有的旁路管线或阀门,来增加调节用的热工艺气气量,使工艺气温度达到设计指标。因管线改造施工时间短、费用低、施工方便,可解决存在的问题。改造后减轻了现场操作人员的工作量,也能够很好地延长脱硫催化剂的使用寿命。     

常压塔进料管线腐蚀问题分析及在线更换工艺处置措施

本文对30万t/a焦炉气制甲醇精馏装置常压塔进料管线腐蚀问题进行了分析,提出了焦炉气制甲醇精馏装置常压塔进料管线在线更换的工艺处置方法。焦炉气制甲醇装置整体不停车的情况下对精馏系统常压塔进料管线进行更换,消除了装置运行时的安全隐患,同时又避免了整个装置停车的经济损失。     

长庆气田高压集气工艺水合物形成及预防

预防集输管线形成水合物普遍采用注人防冻剂的方法，长庆气高压集气采取集中注醇工艺预防水事物效果并不理想，通过高压集气实验井的生产试验表明。     

耐硫变换催化剂升温硫化改进建议

根据目前净化工艺和催化剂的特点,提出改进升温加热器,改变氮气供应方式,煤气供应方式等措施,改进变换系统的升温硫化.同时,升温硫化与液氮洗工序的开车协调进行,缩短系统开车时间.     

氨合成催化剂改用氮气升温总结

通过对氨合成催化剂改用氮气升温方法的理论计算和分析,提出合成气压缩机组、开车电加热器等在氮气工质下运行的技术参数,从而得出氮气升温操作的工艺条件,在此基础上编制氮气升温操作方案,成功地进行了氮气升温操作,使合成系统冷态开车时间由15 h缩短至2 h,减少了大量合成氨原料气的排放并提前13 h出氨,取得了良好的经济效益.     

Polystyrene microcellular plastic generation by quick‐heating process at high temperature

Generation of microcellular plastic in the polystyrene‐nitrogen system was studied in a batch process. In this study, a quick‐heating method was applied to study the effects of saturation temperature, decompression rate and heating time on the microcellular structure for sheet samples with a thickness of 1.3 mm. The saturation pressure in each process was kept constant at 25 MPa. At saturation temperatures above 393 K, we found that, although the solubility of nitrogen increased with increasing saturation temperature, cell density decreased, and the average cell diameter and volume expansion ratio increased. The samples that were saturated at 433 K shattered after microcellular processing. The change in decompression rate affected the supersaturation degree of the dissolved gas in the polymer, and affected the cell structure. Variation of heating time for difference saturation/heating temperature could be used to obtain the optimum relation between cell density, average cell diameter, and volume expansion ratio.     

Optimal heating system organization in coke ovens

In optimizing the organization of the coke oven’s heating system, the feasible region of parameter values is identified and analyzed. Previous research has shown that optimal organization of the heating system calls for the forced recirculation of gas fluxes with recirculation rates exceeding those currently employed and also for measures that simultaneously permit energy conservation and curb nitrogen oxide emissions. To that end, the influence of recirculation on process parameters is analyzed in the present work, and the feasible region is found on the basis of the following constraints: no reduction of heat supplied for the coking process; and unchanged consumption of coke-oven gas. In addition, the basic parameters of the power generation subsystem are determined by assessing the energy balance.     

Optimization of Deacidification of Mixtures of Sunflower Oil and Oleic Acid in a Continuous Process

Mixtures of refined sunflower seed oil and oleic acid were deacidified using nitrogen as stripping gas in a pilot-plant scale continuous deodorizer. To optimize the process, two different levels were tested for the classical operating parameters of oil temperature, nitrogen flow rates, oil mass flow rates and initial free fatty acid contents. In addition, two heating procedures were tested, including one using separate electrical heating of the oil and gas distillates to maintain the same temperature in both parts of the deodorizer, and another in which only the oil was heated and controlled, resulting in a temperature difference between the oil and the gas distillates. The statistical technique of blocking with paired comparisons was used to analyze the final free fatty acid content, rate of free fatty acid loss with respect to the processed oil flow rate, free fatty acid content in the distillates recovered by condensation, and efficiency. The results showed that the oil temperature and maintaining the same temperature in the oil and the gas distillates produced the most relevant effects, having a positive effect on most of the responses.     

生物质玉米芯热解机理研究

利用热重分析方法对生物质玉米芯在不同条件下热解行为进行了详细研究 ,得出了影响热解过程的因素及热解动力学参数 (如表观活化能、反应级数及指前因子等 ) .结果表明 ,所选保护气的种类对热解过程基本上不产生影响 ;同在较低的气体流速下进行热解相比较 ,在较高的流速下进行热解 ,发生分解反应需要较高的起始分解温度、最大分解速率的温度及较高的反应活化能 ,反应级数也大 ;随着加热速率的增大 ,发生分解反应的最大分解速率的温度向高温处移动 ,但反应的活化能降低 ,反应级数减小 .在实际的热解过程中 ,采用快速加热、低流速的惰性保护气进行热解 ,有利于利用热解过程的各种产物 .     

Production of polystyrene microcellular foam plastics and a comparison of late‐ and quick‐heating

A batchwise process for the production of microcellular plastics was studied in the polystyrene–nitrogen system. The effects of saturation temperature, saturation pressure, and late‐ and quick‐heating on the microcellular structure were investigated by considering the solubility of the gas in the polymer. It was found that the mean cell diameter was reduced and the cell number density increased with increase in the gas solubility. Variation in the saturation temperature showed that the cell number density had a minimum and the mean cell diameter had a maximum at about 350 K, which was related to the minimum solubility of nitrogen in polystyrene. The long heating time at 393 K of a solution saturated under 25 MPa increased the cell diameter, reduced the cell number density, and gave a maximum volume expansion ratio at about 300 s. Further heating caused the cell size and volume expansion ratio to be decreased, which might be caused by diffusion of the gas out of the polymer sample. The effect of the saturation temperature under high saturation pressure on the cell number density was qualitatively well predicted by the nucleation theory. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2383–2395, 2000     

国内第一套国产化技术600t/d聚酯装置

介绍国内第一套采用国产化技术、五釜流程单线600 t/d聚酯装置的工艺特点、工艺设备和产品各项指标。该装置稳定性好,易控制,采用乙二醇喷射产生真空,部分热媒回路采用气相热媒系统,生产的PET切片品质达到优级品。     

升温速率及热解温度对煤热解过程的影响

为了研究煤热解过程中升温速率及热解温度对热解产物分布及热解过程吸热量的影响,采用热重和热红联用技术对煤热解过程进行了分析.研究了不同升温速率和热解温度对煤热解过程的气态产物分布的影响,并对所产生的焦炭性质进行了分析.结果表明:煤的整个热解过程的吸热量随升温速率的增加而减小;煤热解产生的焦油组分含量包括芳香族、脂环族和脂肪族含量达到最大值所对应的热解温度随升温速率的增加产生滞后现象,但是煤热解产生的煤气成分随着升温速率增加而急剧释放;随着热解温度的升高,焦炭结构逐渐致密,裂纹及裂缝产生,芳香晶核增大,同时焦炭中的氧和氮含量由于含氮和含氧化合物的继续分解而降低.     

硫磺回收装置过程气加热方式比较

介绍了国内硫磺回收工艺特点及过程气加热方式。分析比较高温热掺合法、在线加热炉加热法、蒸汽加热法、气-气换热法和电加热法等过程气加热方式的优缺点,并探讨了高温掺合阀的安装位置及选材、Claus尾气加热方式选择等。建议设计人员根据各企业热源的可靠性、装置规模、装置操作弹性、酸性气组成、装置平面布局及投资情况等综合考虑,选择最佳的过程气加热方式。