Water contamination and colloidal stability of motor oils

Water contamination of motor oils during storage and use in low-temperature conditions cause formation of deposits. These deposits, which consist of asphaltenes and additives, characterize the colloidal stability of the oils. A decrease in the concentration of additives worsens the performance properties of the motor oils. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, p. 33–34, July–August, 2006.     

Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G₂k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec⁻¹, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 32–35, September–October, 2008.     

Quality control of petroleum oils with additives

The performance properties of the initial components and finished product were evaluated during fabrication of models of commercial lube oils by scattered light correlation spectroscopy. This method allows determining the size and average radius of colloidal formations and the stability of colloidal solutions against separation. Using the data obtained, changes can be made in the manufacturing technology and formula of the oils by changing the mixing temperature and parameters of the initial components: the indexes of the base, the sequence of incorporating the additives, and the concentration and composition of the additives. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 46–49, January–February, 2007.     

Formation of sediment in used industrial oil. Effect of temperature and solvent

Precipitation of sediment caused by external factors — temperature and solvent — is due to the spin nature of the contaminants formed during use of the oil. These paramagnetic contaminants also lead to aging of oils. Their total elimination restores the properties of used oil to the level of the base oil, but requires sufficient energy effects. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 29–31, January–February, 2006.     

Co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates and vinyl monomers as viscosity additives for lube oils

The possibility of obtaining viscosity additives for petroleum and synthetic oils by synthesizing co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates with butyl methacrylate and allylnaphthenates with styrene was investigated. The conditions for obtaining co-oligomers with assigned properties were found. The compounds obtained have improved viscosity-temperature properties and are much more resistant to thermal effects than industrial viscosity additives. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 35–36, July–August, 2007.     

Motor oil for heavily loaded diesel engineering

A new motor oil — AZMOL GARANT M-4042 VT — was developed for two-and four-cycle heavy-duty, heavily loaded diesel engines. A distinctive feature of this oil is the complex zinc-and barium-containing additives of the dithiophosphate type it contains — MASMA-1606, which ensured high lubricant and antioxidant properties. The oil was approved for production and use after testing with positive results. Ukraine specifications were developed for the oil: TU U 23.2-00152365-229:2006. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 26–28, May–June, 2008.     

Detergent-dispersant additives for motor oils. Alkylphenolates

Detergent-dispersant additives (DD additives) are widely used in modern motor oils. Detergents are ash additives and dispersants are ashless additives. Some of the most common metal-containing detergents used in the world are metal alkylphenolates, primarily calcium, barium, and magnesium alkylphenolates, which have a high degree of detergent properties. This is due to the broad spectrum of operating properties, relative availability of the initial stock, and simplicity of the manufacturning technology. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 39 – 43, November – December, 1999.     

A device for fast quality control of oils

The results of fast quality control of oils by nonstandard methods are reported. The possibility of developing methods of determining the basic indexes of oils — the dielectric loss tangent, the base number based on the measured dielectric constant, and the resistivity — is examined. Motor oils from different manufacturers have different dielectric constants, which allows identifying the manufacturing company. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 46–48, September–October, 2007.     

Explaining the mechanism of electrochemical processing of some organic wastes

The process of electrochemical treatment of acid tars — wastes from sulfuric-acid treatment of white oils — was theoretically substantiated. Its commonality with processing wastes in the form of unsaturated hydrocarbons in electric ionization of π-bonds and their chemical saturation was noted. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, p. 51, January–February, 2008.     

Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

Laboratory method of evaluating the performance properties of lube oils for gas pumping sets

A laboratory method was developed for evaluating the performance properties of lube oils used in gas-pumping sets. The correspondence of the results obtained by this method and the data on the performance of the oils was demonstrated. The method is intended for fast acceptance control of fresh oils, evaluation of the change in the properties of the oils during use and storage in warehouses, and for developing new lube oils and detecting counterfeit products. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 54–56, May–June, 2008.     

Base and commercial oils. Factors in improving the quality

Research on the chemistry and technology of lubricants is a basic research direction in the scientific school of Professor N. I. Chernozhukov, created more than 50 years ago. The results of this school’s research have significantly expanded the ideas concerning the production and use of oils and greases and the effect of the nature of the stock on the relationship of the composition (colloidal structure) and properties of the commercial products obtained. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 37 – 39, March – April, 2000.     

Production of base oils from high-sulfur tatar crude oils

The following sequence of processing lube distillates from atmospheric-vacuum tubestill (AVT) units are most commonly used for production of base oils: selective treatment — dewaxing — hydrotreating. As a result of hydrotreating, sulfur and tars are removed from the intermediate product, the carbon residue decreases, and the color improves. This final stage frequently determines the quality of base oils. However, its role in obtaining the required quality is usually small, since the basic indexes are formed in the preceding stages. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 1999.     

By-products from production of fuels and lube oils. New possibilities for utilization

The possibility of using by-products from production of fuels and lube oils for manufacturing new coolants to replace the high-quality ceresin-wax products and synthetic resins supplied from abroad — substitutes of products of natural origin (vegetable oils, colophony), and expensive and scarce petrochemical products (indene-coumarone, styrene-indene resins, etc.) was examined.. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 3–5, November–December, 2007.     

Medium-caustic sulfonate additive for motor oils. Based on alkyltetralin

Effective new additives, including sulfonate additives, are required for creating high-quality motor oils which meet the requirements of current and future technology [1]. We developed a medium-caustic synthetic sulfonate additive based on alkyltetralin. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 31 – 32, September – October, 1999.     

Making anticorrosion additives from self-emulsifying esters

A method has been developed for making self-emulsifying esters and bicyclic imidazolines based on them for use as effective additives to oils, lubricants, and technological liquids, and also as lubricating agents and emulsifiers that simultaneously are anticorrosion additives for processing ferrous-metal components. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp. 48 – 49, May – June, 2009.     

Thickening of Petroleum Systems. Communication 1

The behavior of oils thickened with atactic polypropylene (APP) at low temperatures is examined. The positive effect of a crystalline phase in APP on the viscosity-temperature properties of thickened oils at low temperatures is demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 39 – 41, September – October, 2005.     

Plant oil derivatives as additives for lubricants

The possibility of using oxidized, epoxidized, and polymerized fractions of rape and sunflower oils as viscosity and antifriction additives for hydraulic and motor oils was examined. Their biodegradability was evaluated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 29–30, May–June, 2006.     

Characteristics of viscous flow of liquid media with resins and asphaltenes

The extensive utilization of deposits of highly viscous crude oils is stimulating a wider investigation of the physicochemical processes involving macromolecular resins and asphaltenes (RA). The reliability of operation of turbolines in pumping crude oils with a high solid point is determined to a significant degree by the possibility of controlling the flow of liquid colloidal systems whose disperse phase is primarily represented by asphaltenes. However, there is no sufficiently complete information on cross-linking mechanisms involving molecules of RA and the degree of the effect of the structures formed on the rheology of the liquids for such control. We used viscometry to investigate the characteristics of association and dispersion of RA in relatively simple model liquid media. The effect of the concentration composition of liquid media were previously primarily investigated in such studies [1 – 3]. The step for changing the temperature was too high: 10°C and higher, to determine any thermal characteristics of viscous flow. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 32 – 34, November – December, 1999.     

Physicochemical aspects of manufacture of three-phase colloidal fuels

The basic physicochemical characteristics of fabrication of three-phase colloidal fuels were analyzed. The effect of the nature and content of solid and liquid phases, type of chemical additives (plasticizers, emulsifiers, and stabilizers), and the basic methods of obtaining three-phase systems from bituminous coals and brown coals were examined. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 52–56, January–February, 2007.