配分工艺对低碳Q&P钢中残余奥氏体的影响

为提高钢的塑性,在马氏体钢基础上通过Q&P工艺得到一定量的残余奥氏体,达到高强度与高塑性的良好结合.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸实验等方法研究了低碳Q&P钢微观组织,在此基础上讨论了配分工艺对残余奥氏体的影响以及残余奥氏体对Q&P钢延伸率的影响.研究结果表明:Q&P钢室温组织主...     

热成形钢22MnB5的Q&P工艺

采用盐浴法对热成形钢22MnB5进行了Q&P工艺(quenching and partitioningprocess)处理,研究了淬火终点温度、分配温度和分配时间对试验钢的显微组织、力学性能和残余奥氏体含量的影响。结果表明:Q&P工艺处理22MnB5钢的显微组织主要为马氏体和残余奥氏体组织,同时有一定量的碳化物析出,随着淬火终点温度和分配温度的升高或分配时间的延长,马氏体和碳化物的微观形貌会发生变化;在淬火终点温度和分配温度为325℃,分配时间为60s时得到的试样强塑积最高,达到20435MPa.%;试样的拉伸断口都显示出良好的韧性断裂特征;XRD分析表明,在Q&P工艺处理后试验钢的残余奥氏体含量可达5.5%。     

Q＆P钢塑性变形机制及组织-性能研究

研究淬火和碳再分配(Q&P)热处理工艺对低碳硅-锰系Q&P钢的显微组织及精细结构的影响,并和常规工艺实验进行对比.通过SEM,TEM分析,经Q&P工艺热处理后的钢板可获得板条马氏体和残余奥氏体两相组织,残余奥氏体呈膜状.利用XRD技术并结合软件编程的手段对残余奥氏体进行了定量分析.采用MTS万能拉伸机测定了其力学性能并进行了断口观察,拉伸试样纤维区为比较典型的韧窝状形貌,体现出良好的韧性断裂特征.结果表明:Q&P工艺处理后的钢板具有高的抗拉强度(1000MPa以上)和良好的塑性,残余奥氏体在组织中起到了相变诱发塑性的作用.     

低碳硅锰钢I&Q&P处理中C,Mn元素配分综合作用EI北大核心CSCD

采用EMPA,SEM和XRD等手段,研究低碳硅锰钢在双相区保温淬火(I&Q)、双相区保温+奥氏体化+盐浴配分(I&Q&P)和奥氏体化+盐浴配分(Q&P)工艺中的C,Mn元素配分行为及对残余奥氏体的综合作用。结果表明:经I&Q工艺处理后,得到马氏体、铁素体加少量残余奥氏体混合组织,C,Mn在马氏体中出现了富集,并且C富集程度高于Mn;经I&Q&P工艺处理后,C,Mn在板条马氏体中呈现不均匀分布,C的局部富集现象更明显,按C,Mn含量的不同,马氏体可分为"高C高Mn"、"高C低Mn"和"低C低Mn"3种;相比较Q&P工艺中只有C配分作用稳定残余奥氏体,I&Q&P工艺在C,Mn配分综合作用下,能得到更多的残余奥氏体。     

连续退火对5% Mn超细晶TRIP钢组织性能的影响

为开发强度和塑性良好配合的第三代汽车钢,采用CCT-AY-Ⅱ型钢板连续退火机模拟分析了不同退火温度和时间对0.1C-5Mn中锰TRIP钢组织性能的影响规律.采用SEM和EBSD等微观分析方法观察不同工艺下制备的中锰TRIP的微观组织,利用XRD方法测量残余奥氏体体积分数,通过实验测量其力学性能.结果表明:实验的中锰TRIP钢在650℃保温3 min退火后获得最佳的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度为1 022 MPa,总延伸率为19.3%,强塑积为20 GPa·%;应变前期试验钢中大量残余奥氏体发生转变,超细晶间的协调机制对试验钢的塑性起主导作用.     

9Ni钢组织演变、合金元素配分及增韧机理的研究

为了研究9Ni钢热处理过程中的组织演变和合金元素配分对强韧化的影响,采用QT(Quenching+Tempering)和QLT(Quenching+Lamellarizing+Tempering)工艺对9Ni钢进行了热处理,并详细分析了热处理过程中组织和成分配分的变化规律.结果表明:奥氏体化淬火后存在极少量的残余奥氏体(γR),主要富C和Si.580℃回火1 h时,QT工艺条件下原奥氏体晶界上逆转奥氏体(γ’)能富C、Si、Mn和Ni元素,晶内的γ’中无明显Ni和Mn富集;QLT处理后,合金元素发生了配分,所有富合金元素相中均富集C、Si、Mn和Ni元素.两相区保温后实现增韧归因于:板条马氏体基体的大角度晶界比例增加、晶粒细化;组织结构得到优化;增加了γ’形核点,使得γ’量增加,导致马氏体基体净化程度进一步提高.     

Mn对汽车用Q&P钢连续冷却转变曲线的影响

为探索Mn含量在汽车用Q&p钢相变过程中的作用,利用热膨胀法结合金相-硬度法研究了3种不同Mn含量Q&P钢的CCT图.研究表明:Mn元素能扩大奥氏体相区,降低Ac3、Ac1、Ms和Mf点,并能够提高钢的淬透性,降低钢的临界转变速率;对于每一种成分的Q&P,随着冷却速率的增加,材料的显微硬度随之增加,超过其临界冷却速率时...     

30Cr3Si2Mn2NiNb钢中未溶相的热力学计算及分析

采用Thermo-Calc热力学软件模拟了30Cr3Si2Mn2NiNb钢奥氏体化时平衡相的演化规律以及非平衡态相的演化规律,研究了合金元素C,Mo,Nb和V对实验钢中未溶相的影响.通过SEM,XRD对30Cr3Si2Mn2NiNb钢淬火态组织进行实验观察及分析.结果表明:常规奥氏体化处理后,钢中未溶相主要有富Nb的M...     

Mn含量对低碳中锰TRIP钢组织性能的影响

为研究连续退火工艺生产中锰TRIP钢汽车板的可行性,采用CCT-AY-Ⅱ型钢板连续退火机模拟分析了不同锰含量对中锰TRIP钢组织性能的影响规律.采用SEM、TEM和EBSD等微观分析方法观察不同锰含量中锰TRIP的微观组织,利用XRD法测量了残留奥氏体量,实验测量其力学性能.结果表明:试验钢在650℃保温3 min时,随着锰质量分数(4.8%≤w(Mn)≤8%)的增加,屈服强度先增加后降低,抗拉强度持续升高,断后延伸率则基本不变,维持在20%左右,残余奥氏体含量也随着锰含量的增加而增加;当锰质量分数超过6%(含6%)时,真实应力-应变曲线由于动态应变时效而呈锯齿状,且加工硬化指数远大于5Mn钢.试验钢的高塑性由亚稳奥氏体的TRIP效应和超细晶铁素体或马氏体共同提供.     

添加Si对马氏体不锈钢淬火-配分组织和性能的影响

为改善马氏体不锈钢的强塑性和耐蚀性,设计制备了Si含量不同的两种氮合金化马氏体不锈钢10Cr13N钢和10Cr13Si2N钢.对实验钢进行了改变配分时间但恒定淬火终止温度和配分温度的淬火-配分处理,从显微组织和力学性能的变化规律探究添加Si元素的作用与机理.结果表明:实验钢淬火-配分处理后得到板条马氏体加残余奥氏体为主的复相组织,其强塑性配合显著高于淬火-回火状态.随配分时间的延长,两种钢组织中残余奥氏体的含量呈现先上升后下降的极值规律,这一变化对强度影响不大,但对伸长率影响较为显著.增加钢中的Si含量,有利于抑制马氏体中碳氮化物析出并提高残余奥氏体含量和稳定性,在使钢的冲击韧性略微下降的同时可显著改善钢的变形能力.     

Ultrahigh strength-ductile medium-Mn steel auto-parts combining warm stamping and quenching & partitioning

A novel application of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) treatment to warm stamping of a warm-rolled medium Mn steel was investigated. The results show that Q&P could improve yield strength of auto-parts from the formation of carbides and twinned martensite, and reduce the yield point elongation for carbon partitioning during Q&P process and a higher dislocation density. Regardless of stamping temperature either the single austenite or dual-phase region, an extraordinary product of strength and ductility (≥24 GPa·%) was achieved, which is two or three times higher than those of hot-stamped boron steels. The combined warm rolling and warm stamping process with Q&P treatment may have potential to implement the application of medium Mn steels for ultrahigh strength-ductile auto-parts.     

A novel ultra-strong hot stamping steel treated by quenching and partitioning process

In the present study, we design a novel hot stamping steel containing high amounts of C and Si and micro-alloying element (i.e. Nb). The steel was subjected to quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The new Q&P treated hot stamping steel exhibits a significantly improved mechanical property in terms of strength, ductility and impact toughness compared with the traditional 22MnB5 hot stamping steel. The influence of partitioning time on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The retained austenite (RA) fraction and the carbon content of RA significantly increased with higher partitioning times. With increasing partitioning time, the uniform elongation, total elongation, strength-ductility balance and impact energy was also remarkably enhanced. The maximum strength-ductility balance achieves around 23?GPa %.     

An ultrahigh strength steel with ultrafine-grained microstructure produced through intercritical deformation and partitioning process

In this work, a novel design scheme in which deformation-induced ferrite transformation (DIFT) was applied to produce fine-grained steel and the quenching is controlled by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process has led to the development of a new kind of steel. This steel possesses excellent mechanical properties and the ductility can be further improved without compromising strength because the refined microstructure contains martensite, retained austenite and deformation-induced ferrite. The highest elongation of 15% allied with strength of 1700 MPa is obtained through hot deformation followed by Q&P treatment at 300 °C. The microstructure evolutions are discussed in terms of the current knowledge of the Q&P process and the experimental observations. The results show that the designed multiphase steels are a promising candidate for the development of the third generation of advanced high strength steels.     

Process control maps to design an ultra-high strength-ductile steel

Steel with 2.4–2.5 GPa tensile strength and elongation to fracture of 4.8–5.7%, is produced by designing a novel heat treatment identical to quenching and tempering, in less than a few minutes. Since addition of Si to Fe–Mn steel promotes the austenite stabilisation by carbon enrichment, the elongation to fracture of 0.6C–1.6Si–1.2Mn (wt-%) steel treated by different quenching and partitioning (Q&P) routes is improved. Results demonstrated by process control maps give a good overview of the final microconstituents. By using higher partitioning temperatures, the tempering of martensite, stabilisation of austenite and improvement of the mechanical properties, could effectively be accelerated. This approach results in significant time and cost reduction which makes this heat treatment attractive for industries.     

Comparative study on a 0.2C steel treated by Q&P and A&T treatments

The effect of various versions of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) and austempering plus tempering (A&T) processes on the combined properties and microstructure of a 0.2C–0.8Si–2.2Mn bainitic steel has been investigated. Results show that the steel exhibits a higher value of product of strength and elongation (PSE) than that reported before with similar compositions. The one-step Q&P process at 230°C and A&T process at 450°C can result in a toughness higher than 80?J?cm^?2 and a relatively high PSE (above 29.8?GPa%). The alloy design of this steel is suggested to be beneficial for industrial production because there is a big window for similar PSE. The long-partitioning time (1?h) has good effect on combined properties.     

Interface migration during partitioning of Q&P steel

Abstract

The quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process for heat treatment of steel has previously been shown yield to good combinations of strength and ductility owing to the presence of martensite and austenite. Interface mobility has been discussed in previous literature, mostly related to local driving forces. The present work considers the migration of the martensite/austenite interface in two steels (containing CMnSiMo or CNiSiMo). Experimental data show clear evidence of interface migration in the CMnSiMo steel during partitioning treatments at temperatures between 200 and 400°C for times ranging from 30 to 1000 s; conversely, the interface in the CNiSiMo steel was stationary during the same partitioning treatments. The different behaviours observed are considered in the context of differences in interface mobility and driving forces, and it appears that interface crystallography differences could influence the partitioning behaviour of Q&P steels.     

High-strength medium Mn quenching and partitioning steel with low yield ratio

ABSTRACT

A new microstructural design is proposed to develop a strong and ductile quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel with low yield ratio. This steel has a heterogeneous dual phase microstructure which is developed by varying austenite thermal stability through Mn segregation. The heterogeneous microstructure contains large austenite grains which contribute to the low yield strength. The ultra-high tensile strength and good ductility are ascribed to the enhanced strain hardening behaviour resulted from the continuous transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. The present microstructural design enables a conventional medium Mn steel with high tensile strength, good ductility and low yield ratio, which promises easy forming and potential applications in automotive industries.

This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Medium Manganese Steels.     

Interface Migration between Martensite and Austenite during Quenching and Partitioning （Q＆P） Process

An Fe-0.2C-1.5Si-1.67Mn steel was subjected to quenching and partitioning （Q＆P） process, and the interface migration between martensite and austenite at an elevated partitioning temperature was observed. The interface migration is excluded in constrained paraequilibrium （CPE） model. Based on ＂endpoint＂ predicted by CPE model the thermodynamic condition of interface migration is analyzed, that is, the difference in the chemical potential of iron in both ferrite （martenisite） and austenite produces the driving force of the iron atoms to migrate from one phase to the other phase. In addition, the interface migration can change the austenite fraction; as a result, the austenite fraction at partitioning temperature may be higher than that at quenching temperature through the interface migration, but this phenomenon cannot be explained by CPE model.     

Study of heat treatment parameters and kinetics of quenching and partitioning cycles

Abstract

Cold rolled sheets of a low carbon quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel grade were subjected to heat treatment cycles, which were designed by dilatometric experiments and optimised with respect to the quenching temperature, partitioning temperature and partitioning time. Characterisation of the retained austenite was carried out by electron backscattered diffraction, whereas the carbides were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile testing and linked with retained austenite fractions and carbon contents, determined by X-ray diffraction. Conclusions are drawn concerning the influence of the kinetics of partitioning on the microstructure in terms of optimal austenite fraction in the martensitic matrix, its C content and ensuing mechanical properties.     

前驱体对含Cu低碳钢I&Q&P处理后组织性能的影响

采用IQP工艺和EPMA、SEM和XRD等手段,研究了3种前驱体对含Cu低碳钢残余奥氏体含量及力学性能的影响。结果表明,双相区保温初期试验钢奥氏体长大由C配分控制,后期由合金元素Mn、Cu配分控制;双相区保温奥氏体化后,双相区配分后形成弥散分布的局部高浓度Mn、Cu区域仍保留富集效果,在随后的淬火-碳配分阶段易于形成残余奥氏体。经IQP处理后,前驱体为P+F的钢室温组织中马氏体板条较粗,原始奥氏体晶界并不明显;前驱体为F+M钢得到的马氏体板条有序细密;前驱体为M的钢室温组织中马氏体板条更加细密。其中,前驱体组织为M的钢中残余奥氏体量最高,延伸率为24.1%,强塑积可达25 338 MPa·%,综合性能最好。