阳极支撑固体氧化物燃料电池的制备及性能

利用离心法成膜工艺在多孔Ni-YSZ阳极基体上制备8%(摩尔分数)YSZ电解质层,在1400℃共烧结,得到致密的YSZ膜和多孔结构的阳极。用苷氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法合成超细阳极与阴极材料。其中,NiO-YSZ复合粉体用于阳极,La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3(LSCF)和30%(质量分数)Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95(GDC)复合材料用作阴极。以氢气为燃料,研究了500～800℃时Ni-YSZ阳极支撑体固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)单电池的性能。结果表明在500℃时电池开路电压(OCV)达1.10V,800℃时短路电流密度达1113mA/cm2,最大比功率为296mW/cm2。通过交流阻抗图谱分析,认为电解质欧姆电阻是影响电池性能的主要因素。     

天然气燃料电池中双层阳极Ni-SDC的性能

采用干压方法制备双层阳极支撑的以BCY20(BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-δ)为电解质的固体氧化物燃料电池.双层阳极的质量分数分别为60% NiO 40% SDC(Ce0.7Sm0.2O2-δ)和30% NiO 70% SDC.阴极采用质量分数分别为85% LSCF(La0.9Sr0.1Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ) 15% GDC(Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ)复合阴极.在400～600 ℃的范围内,用天然气为燃料气,氧气为氧化气,50℃为间隔,测试并比较了该电池与单层阳极支撑电池(阳极质量分数为50% NiO 50% SDC、阴极为85%LSCF 15% GDC复合阴极、电解质为BCY20)的性能.用扫描电镜(SEM)分别分析单电池阳极、阴极及电解质的型貌.实验表明:电池具有良好的微结构,在测试条件下双层阳极支撑电池具有更优的性能.600 ℃测得电池最大比功率为55 mW/cm2,电流密度为253 mA/cm2.     

Sol-gel法合成La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ电解质及其电池性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了中温固体电解质镓酸镧La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)粉体材料.差式扫描量热重分析(DSC-TGA)以及X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)证实经1 250℃热处理3h后,LSGM粉体具有单一ABO3钙钛矿结构;能量散射X射线谱(EDX)检测结果表明粉体没有其他杂质元素;扫描电子显微镜法(SEM)和激光散射粒度分布分析表明平均粒径为0.9μm.采用LSGM作为电解质,阳极为Ni/GDC材料,阴极为LSCM/GDC材料,并用离心法成膜工艺组装成SOFC单电池,测量其输出特性和阻抗谱等性能.SEM表明在阳极支撑体上制备的37 μm厚的LSGM电解质膜高温烧结后与阳极的接触良好.单电池在800℃的最大功率密度为0.89 W/cm2,电化学测试表明电池开路电压高于1.0 V,说明sol-gel法合成的LSGM可以成功地应用于SOFC的电解质.     

Ce_(0.8)M_(0.2)O_(2-δ)(M=Co,Fe,Mn)用于天然气中温SOFCs阳极的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了过渡金属掺杂的CeO2新型中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFCs)阳极材料Ce0.8M0.2O2-δ(M=Co,Fe,Mn)(20 CDC、20 FDC、20 MDC).采用共压-共烧结法制备了以NiO-20 CDC、NiO-20 FDC、NiO-20 MDC复合阳极为支撑、以Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ(GDC)为电解质、以La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(LSCF)-GDC为复合阴极的单电池.利用XRD、SEM等方法对阳极材料进行了物相结构和微观形貌分析.在400～700℃范围内,以湿天然气(3%H2O)为燃料气、氧气为氧化气测试比较了三种电池的放电性能.结果表明:所制的20 CDC、20 FDC、20MDC粉体均为萤石型结构;在制备的电池中,(50%)NiO-20 CDC阳极材料具有良好的孔道结构,且具有最佳的电化学性能,在650℃时其最大电流密度为148.84 mA/cm2,最大比功率为30.91 mW/cm2.     

锥管状LSGM电解质支撑的SOFC的研制

以甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法合成的La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85(LSGM)为原料,阿拉伯树胶为分散剂,采用注浆成型法制备长度约为10 mm、壁厚为0.2 mm、大口端直径约为8.5 mm的致密锥管状LSGM电解质管。以质量比为7∶3的Ni O-Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95(GDC)、Sm0.5Sr0.5Co O3(SSC)-GDC分别为阳极、阴极材料,组装单体固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)。以加湿氢气(含3%H2O)为燃料、空气为氧化剂,电池在600℃时的最大输出功率密度约为87 m W/cm2。交流阻抗谱分析表明:影响电池性能的主要因素是电解质的欧姆电阻。     

直接甲烷SOFC NiCu-CeO_2阳极的制备与性能

将Ni Cu-Ce O2作为抗积碳阳极材料,应用于阳极支撑型直接甲烷固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)中。采用浸渍工艺在多孔Ce O2阳极基体中制备Ni Cu阳极催化剂,还原后氧化物基体与金属的质量比为60∶40。在700℃湿H2和湿CH4气氛中考察了电池的电化学性能。Ni Cu-Ce O2|GDC|BCFN电池在H2和CH4中的开路电压(OCV)分别为0.772和0.785 V,最大功率密度(MPD)分别为96和80 m W/cm2。在0.6 V进行恒压稳定性测试20 h后,电流密度下降了1.7%。通过对测试后的电池进行电子扫描电镜(SEM)和能量散射光谱(EDS)分析,发现有少量积碳产生。而Ni-Ce O2|GDC|BCFN电池在同样条件下的性能仅为:OCV(H2)=0.77 V,OCV(CH4)=0.80 V,MPD(H2)=116 m W/cm2,MPD(CH4)=59 m W/cm2,电池在40 min内电流密度下降了74%。结果表明在阳极中添加Cu不仅能够实现与Ni基阳极相当的阳极性能,而且可以有效提高Ni基阳极的抗积碳稳定性。     

多层电解质型中温SOFC

采用柠檬酸法合成了Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95(GDC)、La0.45Ce0.55O2-α/2(LDC)、La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85(LSGM)电解质材料,并制备了阳极负载型GDC-LSGM、LDC-LSGM和LDC-LSGM-LDC多层薄膜电解质单体电池,考察了单体电池的U-J特性和功率输出性能.结果显示:GDC-LSGM电解质电池没有电流产生;LDC-LSGM电解质电池最大输出功率密度最高,800℃时约为0.72W/cm2,但不稳定;LDC-LSGM-LDC多层电解质电池的开路电压最高,800℃时可达0.814 V.     

注浆成型法制备阳极支撑锥管状SOFC

采用简单经济的传统陶瓷制备工艺——注浆成型法制备锥管状阳极基底。将该基底在1000℃烧结4h后采用浆料喷涂法在其上制备致密的YSZ电解质膜,在1400℃下烧结4h。采用涂覆法制备锰酸锶镧(LSM)阴极,并组装成固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)单体。将该电池在氢气燃料(流量为100mL/min)和空气氧化剂的条件下测试。测得的最高电池开路电压为1.072V。850℃时最大比功率达到670mW/cm2,此时电池的总面积比电阻为1ΩW.cm2,欧姆面积比电阻仅为0.2ΩW.cm2。扫描电镜结果显示通过注浆成型法制备的阳极基底呈多孔状态,非常适合固体氧化物燃料电池对阳极的要求。     

复合阳极NiO-SDC+LSGM的性能研究

采用共压-共烧结法分别制备了以50%(质量分数)NiO-(50-x)%(质量分数)Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC) x%(质量分数)La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-a(LSGM)(x=0、10、20、30、40)为阳极支撑,LSGM为电解质、La0.9Sr0.1Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF) Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ(GDC)为复合阴极的单电池片;用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了电池片的微观结构;用X射线衍射(XRD)法分析了阳极材料于1250℃条件下烧结4h后的晶相结构;在350～600℃之间,以50℃为间隔,以干天然气为燃料气、氧气为氧化气测试了其电化学性能。结果表明:单电池阳极材料具有良好的孔道结构;在测试条件下,五种不同阳极组成的单电池中50%(质量分数)NiO-30%(质量分数)SDC 20%(质量分数)LSGM阳极支撑的单电池具有最佳的电化学性能,对天然气有更好的催化效果,在常压和600℃条件下其最大电流密度为229.32mA/cm2,最大比功率为45.86mW/cm2。     

溶液燃烧法合成11ScSZ-2Mn_2O_3电解质粉体及其应用

采用硝酸盐-甘氨酸溶液燃烧法合成了(ZrO2)0.87(Sc2O3)0.11(Mn2O3)0.02(11ScSZ-2Mn2O3)粉体,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)及氮气吸附等手段对粉体进行表征。结果表明,所合成的11ScSZ-2Mn2O3粉体具有单一立方结构,比表面积达28.6m2/g,粒度均匀。非等温和等温烧结测试均表明该粉体具有良好的烧结活性,可在1200℃下烧结致密化。以11ScSZ-2Mn2O3粉体为原料配制电解质粉体浆料,采用浸渍-提拉法在NiO-氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)阳极基体上制备了电解质薄膜,在1250℃下实现了负载型薄膜的烧结致密化,与La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF)阴极组装了单元电池Ni-YSZ/11ScSZ-2Mn2O3/LSCF。该单元电池在中温下以H2为燃料表现出良好的电性能输出,在操作温度为650℃和700℃下的最大输出功率密度分别为0.55W/cm2和0.90W/cm2。     

Fabrication of anode supported PEN for solid oxide fuel cell

ConventionalSOFCsareusuallyoperatedat 10 0 0℃ Duetoitshighoperationaltemperature ,thematerialsdemandinguponSOFCcomponentsarequitestringent Manyresearchersaregradu allyinterestedinintermediatetemperaturesolidoxidefuelcell(IT SOFC) [1-2 ] TherearetwopossibleapproachesforloweringtheoperatingtemperatureofSOFCs Thefirstistoreducethethicknessofelec trolyte ,forexampletheelectrolyteinanode supportedplanar typesinglecellisonly 2 0 μm Thesecondistodevelophigherconducti vityelectrolyte .Inth…     

Acceptor-doped ceria deposited on a porous Ni film as a possible micro-SOFC electrolyte

Micro-SOFCs, miniaturized solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for low temperature operation, are being developed as a power source for portable electronics. Reducing the thickness of the electrolyte and the adoption of acceptor-doped ceria as an electrolyte material are important to minimize the Ohmic resistance at low temperature. Acceptor-doped ceria thin-films are often deposited on nano-porous metal substrates to reduce cracking of the thin electrolyte. However, due to the difficulty of depositing a pore-free electrolyte on a porous medium, the cells often show the low open circuit voltages (OCVs). In this study, we have deposited ～1 μm-thick Gd-doped ceria on a nano-porous nickel film to assess whether a thin-film, metal-supported GDC can be deposited as a pore-free layer and would thus be suitable as an electrolyte of micro-SOFCs. The Ni-supported GDC cell showed an OCV of ～0.92 V at 450 °C under a hydrogen/air gradient. The high OCV verifies that the thin-electrolyte layer, deposited on porous Ni using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, is dense enough to prevent gas leakage as also observed in its microstructure.     

Fabrication and performance of a ScMnSZ/LaSrCuFe cell with GDC interlayer for solid oxide fuel cells

Strontium- and copper-doped lanthanum ferrite (LaSrCuFe) was used as new cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte at intermediate temperatures. The performance of an anode-supported single cell prepared using a Ni/YSZ anode, ScMnSZ ((ZrO₂)_0.89(Sc₂O₃)_0.1(MnO₂)_0.01) electrolyte, and a LaSrCuFe cathode was evaluated. The effects on the cell performance of the GDC (GD_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.95) interlayer between the electrolyte and cathode were also investigated. The microstructure and chemical composition of the cell were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS). AC impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the polarization resistance of a single cell. The results highlight the promising combination of ScMnSZ electrolyte and LaSrCuFe cathode material in terms of chemical compatibility and electrical performance.     

Carbon tolerance effects of Sr<Subscript>2</Subscript>NiMoO<Subscript>6-δ</Subscript> as an alternative anode in solid oxide fuel cell under methane fuel condition

Sr₂NiMoO_6-δ (SNMO) with a double perovskite structure has been investigated as an alternative anode material for solid oxide fuel cells. The SNMO anode was compatible with the GDC electrolyte at the SOFC operating conditions. The SNMO anode was not stable at high temperatures and reducing atmospheric conditions, where Ni exsoluted from the SNMO double perovskite structure to form Ni nanoparticles. Ni nanoparticles provided highly electrochemically active sites in both H₂ and CH₄. Ni nanoparticles also provided chemically active sites for the pyrolysis of methane under H₂O shortage, leading to carbon deposition on the anode. To improve the cell performance, the SNMO anode was modified by a GDC thin film coating on the anode pore wall surface to increase the number of reaction sites and also accelerate the electrochemical reaction kinetics of the anode. The anode polarization resistance in CH₄ was decreased by the GDC modification from 18.39 Ωcm² to 0.55 Ωcm² at 800 °C. The 60% of the cell performance was improved by the GDC modification on the SNMO anode. The GDC-modified SNMO anode cell was stable for 100 h when CH₄ fuel was used.     

Application of GDC-YDB bilayer and LSM-YDB cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Yttria-doped bismuth (YDB) and gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) are investigated as a bilayer electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). LSM-YDB is used as a cathode material in order to improve the poor ionic conduction of LSM and the compatibility with the YDB electrolyte. The performance of the bilayer cell was measured under humidified H₂ (3 % H₂O) atmosphere and an operating temperature between 500 °C and 650 °C. The polarization resistance and ohmic resistance of the GDC-YDB bilayer cell were 0.189 Ωcm² and 0.227 Ωcm² at 650 °C, respectively. The bilayer cell showed 0.527 Wcm^?2 in the maximum power density at 650 °C, which is about two times higher than the single-layer cell of 0.21 Wcm^?2. The OCV of the bilayer cell was 0.89 V at 650 °C, suggesting that the electronic conduction caused by the reduction of ceria was successfully suppressed by the YDB layer. The introduction of an YDB-GDC bilayer cell with LSM-YDB cathode thus appears to be a promising method for improving the performance of GDC-based SOFCs and reducing operating temperature.     

带有YSZ保护膜的Bi_2O_3基固体电解质燃料电池的制备及其性能分析

用带(ZrO_2)_(0.92)(Y_2O_3)_(0.08)(YSZ)保护膜的Bi_2O_3基固体电解质(Bi_20_3)_(0.75)(Y_2O_3)_(0.25)、(Bi_2O_3)_(0.75)-(Gd_2O_3)_(0.25)、(Bi_2O_3)_(0.08)_(0.25)和(MoO_3)_(0.25)做成燃料电池.在600～800℃,将其输出特性与用纯的(ZrO_2)_(0.92)(Y_2O_3)_(0.08)做电解质的燃料电池进行比较.Bi_2O_3基电解质燃料电池的输出功率高于YSZ电解质的,这是由于Bi_20_3基固体电解质具有较高的氧离子导电率;Bi_20_3基电解质燃料电池的开路电压比YSZ的低,是由于Bi_20_3基电解质中存在着一定的电子导电率.从材料的结构、机理上对所得结果进行了分析.     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池研制

综述了中国科技大学生物质洁能源实验室在中低温固体氧化物燃料电池研究方面的最近进展 ,包括电解质薄膜的制备技术 ,阴极材料和用凝胶浇注法制备高性能的阳极材料     

固体氧化物燃料电池研究进展

在所有燃料电池中 ,固体氧化物燃料电池工作效率最高 ,对燃料的要求最低。综述了固体氧化物燃料电池在国内外的研究进展 ,详细阐述了电解质材料 ,阳极材料 ,阴极材料以及连接材料的研究进展。提出了今后的工作重点 ,中温固体氧化物燃料电池是今后的发展方向     

固体氧化物燃料电池用YSZ电解质纳米粉体的湿法工艺进展

综述了固体氧化物燃料电池电解质材料———钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)纳米粉体的各种湿化学制备方法,包括溶剂蒸发法、共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法和低温燃烧合成工艺等,比较了它们各自的特点,并对这些方法进行了评述和展望。