一种新的机动目标跟踪的多模型算法

采用带渐消因子的当前统计模型与匀速运动模型进行交互,设计了一种新的机动目标跟踪的交互式多模型算法。当前统计模型具有对一般机动目标跟踪精度高的特点,通过渐消因子的引入增强了该模型对突发机动的自适应跟踪能力,同时通过与CV模型的交互保证了对非机动目标的跟踪性能。仿真结果表明,在跟踪一般机动目标时,其误差和当前统计模型与CV模型交互的IMM算法相当;在跟踪突发机动目标时,该文算法的误差明显小于当前统计模型与CV交互的IMM算法。     

一种用于搜索雷达的交互多模型跟踪滤波算法

跟踪滤波算法是雷达数据处理的重要组成部分。受搜索雷达采样数据率的限制,当目标机动时,滤波器跟踪严重滞后、跟踪精度差。针对该问题,提出了基于α-β滤波和α-β-γ滤波的交互多模型跟踪滤波算法。将目标的运动状态映射到目标的运动模型,根据运动模型构造相应的滤波器,多个滤波器并行工作,实时计算每个滤波器的残差,根据滤波的残差和先验知识选择适应目标当前运动状态的滤波器输出目标预测信息。仿真结果表明,该算法在目标机动与非机动情况下均能有效跟踪目标,具有较好的适应性与滤波精度。     

基于交互多模型的机动目标定位滤波方法

针对无源雷达如何快速准确地对机动目标进行定位的问题,提出一种基于交互多模型的机动目标定位滤波方法。首先给出几种常见的运动模型,并介绍交互多模型算法的基本原理,然后围绕交互多模型算法在机动目标定位中的具体应用,对算法做进一步推导,最后利用MATLAB对所提方法进行仿真验证,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

水下目标的多速率交互多模型跟踪算法

为解决水下机动目标精密跟踪定位的实时性和可靠性问题,根据水下目标运动速度慢、机动性能弱的特点,该文利用小波变换技术实现了模式空间与测量空间的混合滤波,建立了水下机动目标多速率交互多模型跟踪定位算法,给出了多速率常速度和常加速度多模型滤波算法的统一表示形式。仿真试验的结果表明水下目标的多速率交互多模型跟踪算法具有较低的计算复杂度,能够改善水下目标跟踪的可靠性和实时性。     

一种用于制导雷达的交互多模型跟踪滤波算法

跟踪滤波算法是影响防空导弹武器系统杀伤能力的核心因素之一。传统的直线模型算法不适合精确跟踪具备超机动能力的现代战机。提出一种新的用于制导雷达数据处理的跟踪滤波方法。新方法采用交互多模型的结构,并加入未知角速度的转弯模型,避免了目标机动引起的跟踪精度下降。与现有的算法相比新方法显著提高了滤波跟踪的距离精度和方位精度。     

水下目标的多速率交互多模型跟踪算法

为解决水下机动目标精密跟踪定位的实时性和可靠性问题,根据水下目标运动速度慢、机动性能弱的特点,该文利用小波变换技术实现了模式空间与测量空间的混合滤波,建立了水下机动目标多速率交互多模型跟踪定位算法,给出了多速率常速度和常加速度多模型滤波算法的统一表示形式。仿真试验的结果表明水下目标的多速率交互多模型跟踪算法具有较低的计算复杂度,能够改善水下目标跟踪的可靠性和实时性。     

采用多速率多模型交互实现机动目标的全速率跟踪

多速率模型通过对原始测量结果和目标运动模型进行多分辨分解实现目标高精度跟踪.多模型交互方法则采用一个马尔科夫链控制多个模型交互实现机动目标跟踪.本文给出了一种采用多速率多模型交互方式实现机动目标全速率跟踪的方法,它通过交织多次滤波结果使得跟踪能同时保证高精度和全速率.仿真结果及分析说明了该方法较传统的全速率多模型交互算法获得了更好的跟踪效果.     

基于IMM-SCKF-STF的机动目标跟踪算法

在处理非线性机动目标跟踪问题时,传统的非线性滤波估计算法跟踪误差大且容易引起滤波发散.针对上述问题,研究将强跟踪平方根容积卡尔曼滤波(SCKF-STF)和交互多模型(IMM)算法相结合,提出一种新型的交互多模型强跟踪平方根容积卡尔曼滤波(IMM-SCKF-STF)跟踪算法.该算法在SCKF基础上引入强跟踪渐消因子,使其不仅拥有应对机动目标状态突变的强跟踪能力,同时还具备交互多模型算法的优良机动目标跟踪性能.因此,新算法在机动目标跟踪方面将获得更高的非线性滤波估计精度,且算法的稳定性和应对状态突变的跟踪鲁棒性能获得显著提高.最后,通过两个仿真例子验证了此算法的有效性与优越性.     

基于量测转换的交互多模型概率数据互联算法

针对雷达跟踪机动目标时,目标运动模型通常线性地建模在直角坐标系内,而量测数据由传感器获得的实际情况,提出了基于量测转换的交互多模型概率数据互联算法.推导了该算法中相关的滤波估计、滤波误差协方差和数据关联概率,并且提出了跟踪门的确定方法.仿真结果表明了新算法的可行性和有效性.     

杂波环境下被动多传感器机动目标跟踪新算法

针对杂波环境被动传感器机动目标跟踪问题,该文研究了一种基于粒子滤波的被动多传感器机动目标跟踪新算法。 在该算法中,首先推导了杂波环境下粒子滤波的似然函数表达式。其次将粒子滤波与交互多模型(IMM)相结合,用IMM方法实现模型的切换,以适应目标的机动变化。用粒子滤波实现对观测方程的非线性处理。最后,建立了被动多传感器的非线性观测模型,避免了目标的不可观测性,并且算法还能够处理非高斯噪声情况。仿真实验结果表明,提出的算法能够有效地对被动机动目标跟踪,且性能优于交互多模型概率数据关联滤波器(IMM-PDAF)。     

Interfacial reaction and shear strength of SnAgCu-xNi/Ni solder joints during aging at 150 °C

The interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu-xNi (SAC-xNi, x = 0.5, 1, and 2) composite solders on Ni/Au finished Cu pads were investigated in detail after aging at 150 °C for up to 1000 h. The interfacial characteristics of composite solder joints were affected significantly by the weight percentages of added Ni micro-particles and aging time. After aging for 200 h, the solder joints of SAC, SAC-0.5Ni and -1Ni presented duplex intermetallic compound (IMC) layers regardless of the initial interfacial structure on as-reflowed joints, whose upper and lower IMC layers were comprised of (CuNi)₆Sn₅ and (NiCu)₃Sn₄, respectively. Only a single (NiCu)₃Sn₄ IMC layer was ever observed at the SAC-2Ni/Ni interface on whole aging process. Based on the compositional analysis, the amount of Ni within the IMC regions increased as the proportion of Ni addition increased. The IMC (NiCu)₃Sn₄ layer thickness on the interface of SAC and SAC-0.5Ni grew more slowly when compared to that of SAC-1Ni and -2Ni, while for the (CuNi)₆Sn₅ layer the reverse is true. Except the IMCs sizes are increased with increased aging time, the interfacial IMCs tended to transfer their morphologies to polyhedra. In all composite joints testing, the shear strengths were approximately equal to non-composite joints. The fracturing observed during shear testing of composite joints occurred in the bulk solder, indicating that the SAC-xNi/Ni solder joints had a desirable joint reliability.     

有机发光二极管中ADN掺杂ErQ的1.54μm电致发光

自行设计了基于8-羟基喹啉铒(ErQ)为发射层(EMLs)和二硝酰胺铵(ADN)为蓝光主体材料的近红外有机发光二级管.器件的基本结构为(p-Si/NPB/EML/Bphen/Bphen:Cs2CO3/Sm/Au),设计并比较了三套不同发射层结构(ErQ/ADN为双层结构器件,(ErQ/ADN)×3为多层结构器件,ErQ:ADN为掺杂结构器件)的器件.三组器件在一定的偏压下,均可发出1.54μm的光,对应三价铒离子4I13/2→4I15/2的跃迁.其中,ADN:ErQ(1∶1)掺杂结构的近红外电致发光强度是ADN/ErQ双层结构中的三倍.此外,不同掺杂浓度的ADN:ErQ复合膜做了以下表征:吸收谱、光致发光谱和荧光寿命谱.实验结果证实了在近红外电致发光过程中存在从ADN主体分子到ErQ发射分子的高效率的能量转移.     

BNBST无铅压电陶瓷的制备工艺研究

设计了（Bi0.55Na0.5）1-X（BaaSrb）xTiO3（BNBST[100x-100a／100b]）无铅压电陶瓷新体系。该体系压电陶瓷具有工艺特性及压电响应好，压电常数高的特点，且有实际应用前景的新型压电陶瓷材料体系。采用传统的陶瓷工艺制备了（Bi0.55Na0.5）1-X（BaaSrb）xTiO3无铅压电陶瓷，研究了制备工艺参数对其物化结构性能的影响。生料的热重-差热（TGA-DTA）分析表明，粉料合成过程中，先是SrTiO3、BaTiO3的形成，然后是（Bi0．5Na0．5）Tio，的形成，同时三者形成固溶体；密度测试表明，陶瓷的体积密度随烧结温度的升高而增大，可较易获得理论密度94％的陶瓷；X-射线能谱分析（EDAX）研究表明，陶瓷的Bi、Na的挥发随着烧结温度的升高而加剧。研究结果表明，要制备性能优良的无铅压电陶瓷，需要精确控制制备工艺。     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

人小肠粘膜免疫酶的定位研究—光镜和电镜免疫组织化学染色法

本文对免疫酶组织化学的样品制备程序和染色方法做了详细的阐述。用直接法、间接法和ABC法,对人小肠免疫酶的定位,进行了光镜和电镜的观察,染色阳性反应显著,获得了满意的效果。并对染色技巧做了分析和探讨。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

钠离子对poly(dT).poly(dA).poly(dT)三螺旋DNA分子呼吸模式的影响

利用分子结构的螺旋对称性,建立了一个包括钠离子的三链DNA分子poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的晶格动力学模型,计算了poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的氢键呼吸模式.结果发现钠离子的加入明显地淬灭了位于较低频率的几个最为强烈的Hoogensteen氢键呼吸模式,而对Watson-Crick氢键呼吸模式影响不明显,这说明钠离子能提高poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)三螺旋结构的稳定性.该计算结果很好地解释了poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的热融化实验.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.