微波辅助合成低水硼酸锌

采用氧化锌、硼酸为原料，利用微波加热合成低水硼酸锌（ZB-2335），以缩短反应时间、提高反应效率。实验中考察了反应温度、微波辐射时间、原料比等因素的影响；确定了适宜的反应条件为：反应温度105—110℃，微波辐射时间55min，氧化锌与硼酸的物质的量比1：11，氧化锌与水的物质的量比1：140，产率达97．6％。产品的组成分析结果符合要求，其失水温度高于340℃。微波加热条件下的反应速率约是常规加热法反应速率的13倍，该方法具有不引入外来离子，产物单一，不需精制、分离，反应母液可以重复利用，反应过程容易控制等特点，是合成阻燃剂ZB-2335的较佳路线。     

超细硼酸锌的水热法合成及表征

硼酸锌是一种环境友好型无机阻燃剂。以二水乙酸锌和硼酸为原料,以三乙胺为模板剂,利用水热法合成超细硼酸锌。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析测试手段对制备的产品进行表征,并研究各因素对水热合成反应的影响,确定适宜的反应条件:n硼酸∶n乙酸锌为4∶1、晶化时间为15h,晶化温度为180℃。合成的产品为棒状晶体、粒度在2～3μm左右,颗粒大小均匀,分散性较好,符合超细产品的要求。     

新型阻燃剂低水合硼酸锌的合成

以氧化锌,硝酸锌和硼砂为原料生产阻燃剂低水合硼酸锌,对生产工艺条件中的反应温度,物料配比,液固比和反应时间等方面进行了研究。通过多次实验,优选出了质量好、收率高的低水合硼酸锌的最佳合成工艺。     

低水硼酸锌的微波合成及应用研究

现代工业的发展和人民生活水平的提高,高分子材料的应用越来越广泛,但高分子材料的易燃性阻碍了其应用领域,对材料进行必要的阻燃改性,可以减小火灾损失,提高人类环境安全水平.当前,阻燃问题越来越受到世界各国的重视,应用阻燃剂提高塑料及有机高分子聚合材料的燃点温度是降低可燃性的有效措施.     

3.5水硼酸锌的合成

本文介绍了以工业品氧化锌，硼酸合成３．５水硼酸锌的最佳工艺条件选择。     

阻燃剂硼酸锌

文中对阻燃剂硼酸锌进行了多次性能研究。结果表明,阻燃剂硼酸锌可以单独使用,也可以与其他无卤素阻燃剂并用,在诸多应用领域取得了成效。     

硼酸锌阻燃剂合成工艺研究

以七水合硫酸锌、硼砂、无水氧化锌为原料,在水浴加热环境下选用硼砂法合成FB阻燃剂（4ZnO·6B2O3·7H2O）,通过多因素正交法考察配料比、液固质量比、加热时间、加热温度四种因素对产品阻燃性能的影响,并确定最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,控制反应温度为90℃,硫酸锌与硼砂配料物质的量之比1．10：1,液固质量比6．5：1,反应时间5．5h,在此条件下所合成的阻燃剂阻燃效果最好。     

新型阻燃剂硼酸锌(2335)的合成研究

通过正交试验确定了以ZnO、H3 BO3 和H2 O合成 2ZnO· 3B2 O3 · 3.5H2 O的最佳工艺条件为 :ZnO∶H3 BO3 为 1∶3.1(mol) ,ZnO∶H2 O为 1∶33(mol) ,反应温度为 78℃ ,反应时间为 18h。产品经测定 ,脱水温度在 35 0℃～ 45 5℃ ,特别适用于高温下加工的高分子材料 ,这就为新型阻燃剂 2 335的实际应用奠定了理论基础。     

以副产锌泥为原料水热合成阻燃剂硼酸锌

硼酸锌是一种绿色环保型无机阻燃剂。以工业副产锌泥为锌源、硼砂为原料,利用水热法制备硼酸锌（4ZnO·B2O3·H2O）。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、热重（TG-DTA）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析测试手段,对制备的产品进行表征,并探讨各因素对水热合成反应的影响,建立适宜的反应条件。当水热温度为140 ℃时,锌与硼砂的物质的量比为1∶1.0,固体与液体的质量比为1∶12,水热时间为7 h以上。在此条件下,所得硼酸锌粉体的XRD谱图与4ZnO·B2O3·H2O一致,失水温度高于415 ℃。若在反应体系中添加硬脂酸钠和聚乙二醇,可得到疏水型硼酸锌样品;若添加10%硼酸锌于木粉中,400 ℃时的残碳率比纯木粉高约17%~18%,表明硼酸锌有一定的阻燃性。     

硼酸锌在膨胀型无卤阻燃ABS中的协同作用

采用熔融共混法制备了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)/硼酸锌(ZB)无卤阻燃复合材料。利用热重分析仪、氧指数测定仪、扫描电子显微镜等研究了ZB对复合材料热失重行为、阻燃性能、微观结构及力学、加工性能的影响。较低含量的ZB与IFR存在较好的阻燃协同作用,且ZB可促进IFR成炭,使ABS/IFR复合材料的氧指数及其残炭量分别由未加ZB时的27.4%、21.29%提高到30.1%和23.05%。ZB的加入能够提高ABS/IFR复合材料的弯曲性能和加工性能,但对复合材料的冲击、拉伸性能产生了不利影响。     

硼酸锌在聚丙烯(PP)中阻燃效果的研究

本文研究了硼酸锌分别在有卤和无卤阻燃PP材料中协同作用,对不同添加量的阻燃聚丙烯进行物理机械性能及阻燃性能的检测分析,结果表明:硼酸锌的加入可明显提高PP的阻燃性能:在含卤阻燃PP材料中添加硼酸锌,可有效改善阻燃体系的抑烟性,在无卤阻燃PP体系中可显著提高材料的阻燃性,降低阻燃剂的使用量,改善材料的力学性能。     

Use of zinc borate as the third component of a traditional brominated flame retardant system in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

Because zinc borate is an effective smoke suppressant and cheaper than antimony trioxide, the main aim of this study was to investigate usability of zinc borate as the third component of a traditional binary Br/Sb₂O₃ system in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Limiting oxygen index, UL‐94, and mass loss cone calorimeter studies indicated that almost all flame retardancy parameters were kept when certain percentages of antimony trioxide were replaced with zinc borate. Residue analysis revealed that the predominant flame retardancy mechanism of the traditional system was gas phase action, whereas zinc borate contributes especially in the condensed phase action by forming thicker and stronger char layer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of zinc borate on flame retardant and thermal properties of polyurethane elastomer composites containing huntite‐hydromagnesite mineral

The effect of zinc borate (ZnB) was studied on the flame retardant and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane containing huntite‐hydromagnesite. The flame retardant properties of thermoplastic polyurethane–based composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL 94), thermogravimetric analysis, and mass loss calorimeter. No remarkable effect of ZnB was observed on the flammability properties of composites. UL 94 rating did not change regardless of the added amount of ZnB, and the slight increase in limiting oxygen index value was observed at ratio of 1:1. The adjuvant effect of ZnB was observed during the mass loss calorimeter studies by increasing the barrier effect of the residue in the condensed phase and by increasing the formation of incombustible gasses in the gas phase. The highest fire performance was achieved at ratio of 1:1.     

Synergist flame retarding effect of ultrafine zinc borate on LDPE/IFR system

The flame retardancy of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) treated with complex flame retardant composed of ultrafine zinc borate (UZB) and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) have been investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter test, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results of LOI and UL‐94 test indicate the desired flame retardancy of LDPE is obtained when the mass ratio of UZB to IFR is 4.2 : 25.8 and the complex flame retardant mass content is 30% (based on LDPE). The results of cone calorimeter show that heat release rate (HRR) peak, total heat release (THR), and mass loss of LDPE/IFR/UZB decrease substantially when compared with those of LDPE/IFR. TGA results show that the residue of LDPE/IFR/UZB increases obviously than that of LDPE/IFR when the temperature is above 600°C. SEM indicates the quality of char forming of LDPE/IFR/UZB is superior to that of LDPE/IFR. The results of EDS and XRD indicate that boron orthophosphate (BPO₄) and zinc‐contained compounds are formed in the residual char and these substances may play an important role in stabilizing the intumescent char structure and decrease the degradation speed substantially when subjected to high temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3667–3674, 2007     

Investigation of flame retardancy and physical–mechanical properties of zinc borate/boric acid polyester composites

The glass fiber reinforced polyester composite materials were prepared with varying contents of boric acid, zinc borate, and magnesium hydroxide as flame retardants to improve the flame retardancy of the composites. Experimental results showed that boric acid exhibited a good flame retardant effect on the polyester composite. When boric acid content is used as 15 wt %, the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) value of the composite reached upto 25.3. The increase in boric acid content from 15 to 30 wt %, the LOI values of composite were enhanced from 25.3 to 34.5 by 9.2 units. The LOI values of the composite samples increased with increasing boric acid content. The smoke density results showed that the addition of glass fiber and flame retardants decreased the smoke density of the unreinforced polyester resin. The mechanical properties of the composites have decreased by the addition of flame retardants. The scanning electron micrographs taken from fracture surfaces were examined. The flame retardants, such as boric acid, were well dispersed in the glass fiber reinforced polyester composites and obviously improved the interfacial interaction between glass fibers and polyester composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

硼酸锌的性质、制备及阻燃应用

硼酸锌是最早的无机阻燃剂之一,具有热稳定性好、毒性低和消烟等良好的特点。综述了硼酸锌的主要性质、制备工艺和阻燃机理,同时也对硼酸锌与其他无机阻燃剂的复配效应和硼酸锌在各个领域中的应用进行了阐述。重点介绍了3大类制备硼酸锌的方法：传统的制备工艺由于原料价格较高或后处理工序复杂而存在弊端;超细硼酸锌的制备对硼酸锌的粒径要求比较高,但是由于其性能比较好,是目前研究的主要对象;固相法制备硼酸锌的研究,国外比国内进行得早,也较成熟一点,并指出通过高温烧结得到的硼酸锌是一种含有几种不同结构硼酸锌的混合物。最后指出了制备晶须状硼酸锌的意义。