热处理工艺对3Cr2W8V热作模具钢高温磨损性能的影响

观察和测试了3Cr2W8V热作模具钢经不同温度淬火(直接油淬)、回火后的显微组织和硬度,分析了热处理工艺对其高温磨损性能的影响。研究发现,淬火和回火温度对3Cr2W8V钢高温磨损性能有明显影响,其中回火温度比淬火温度的影响更显著;随着回火温度的提高,钢的硬度先升后降,耐磨性显著下降;随着淬火温度的提高,耐磨性先升后降;经1 050℃淬火+540℃回火的3Cr2W8V钢具有最好的耐磨性;在400℃高温磨损条件下,3Cr2W8V钢的磨损机制为典型的氧化磨损,高的硬度有助于减少基体塑性变形,降低氧化物膜的剥落数量,而过多未溶碳化物和晶粒粗大等因素则导致在一定磨损载荷下基体开裂,加速氧化物剥落。     

热处理工艺对18Cr23MoVRE耐磨铸钢组织及性能的影响

研究了18Cr23MoVRE耐磨钢在不同的热处理工艺下的显微组织和力学性能。研究结果表明,18Cr23MoVRE耐磨钢经不同温度淬火+300℃回火处理后,其组织均为回火马氏体基体+少量碳化物。淬火温度提高,试验钢的硬度增加,冲击韧性略有下降。在1000℃淬火+300℃回火时,试验钢获得优良的综合性能,硬度可达到HRC58.5,冲击韧性达到5.8J。     

3Cr2W8V钢形变热处理研究

3Cr2W8V钢广泛应用于有色金属热锻、热挤压和压铸成形.为进一步挖掘3Cr2W8V钢的使用潜力,提高模具材料综合使用性能和使用寿命,本文开展了针对该钢的形变热处理研究,讨论了形变温度、冷却方式及回火温度对试样组织与性能的影响.研究表明高温形变热处理不适宜于3Cr2W8V,形变后水冷优于空冷,并得出组织性能俱佳的优化形...     

热处理工艺对34CrNiMo6钢性能的影响研究

目的 提高34CrNiMo6钢构件抗拉强度、屈服强度以及伸长率的匹配程度,进而提高合金的冲击韧性和疲劳性能。方法 通过热处理试验,研究不同工艺对材料组织和性能的影响。采用预先热处理（正火+高温回火）→调质热处理（淬火+回火）的工艺,研究不同淬火和回火温度对试样组织及力学性能的影响。结果 随着淬火温度的升高,试样的强度有所增加,伸长率差别不大,在淬火温度为900 ℃时冲击韧性有所下降。随着回火温度的升高,强度明显降低,但伸长率逐渐升高,冲击韧性则稍有提升。结论 通过试验确定了材料的热处理工艺：850 ℃淬火+580 ℃回火。在该调质工艺下,材料的强度和塑性得到了合理的匹配。     

1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢长期时效时组织性能的变化EI

本文研究了1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢在不同温度下长期时效后组织与性能的变化。试验证明,该钢经1010℃、1.5h后保温淬火并于570℃、1.5h空冷回火后,分别在250℃和450℃下经500～1000h时效,发生明显的脆化现象。在450℃延长时效时间至4000h,冲击功逐步回升。     

焊后热处理对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢在循环水中腐蚀行为的影响

目前有关焊后热处理对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢的腐蚀行为的影响规律尚无文献报道.为此,对正火态1.25Cr0.5Mo钢分别进行淬火、高温回火及调质,模拟不同的焊后热处理,对其金相组织进行分析,并对其腐蚀行为进行电化学测试,研究了不同热处理对1.25Cr0.5Mo钢组织和耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:正火态1.25Cr0.5Mo钢的金相组织为铁素体和珠光体,淬火组织为板条马氏体,高温回火组织为粗大铁素体和珠光体,调质态组织为均匀的回火马氏体和细小碳化物;淬火处理加速了 1.25Cr0.5Mo钢在工业循环水中的腐蚀速度;高温回火处理对腐蚀行为影响不大;调质处理显著提高了 1.25Cr0.5Mo钢的耐蚀性,是因为调质热处理细化了材料的组织,细化后的组织较晶粒粗大的淬火及淬火后高温回火组织更容易形成氧化物膜,阻碍电极的放电过程,从而获得了较好的耐蚀性能.     

热处理对9Cr13Ni6Co5Be钢组织与硬度的影响

研究了热处理对9Cr13Ni6Co5Be钢组织和硬度的影响.结果表明,9Cr13Ni6Co5Be钢经1020℃淬火,马氏体转变较充分,该钢可获得较高的硬度;350℃以下回火材料的硬度变化不明显,在470℃左右回火,组织中共格析出的金属间化合物Be2Fe,是硬度出现峰值的主要原因.     

回火温度对1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢冲击性能的影响

在某厂日常检测中,有多炉批次1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢棒材出现冲击韧度不合格的现象。为了找到不合格的原因,从化学成分、热处理制度方面来展开分析,并进行了比对试验。结果表明:热处理回火温度是影响1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢冲击韧度的主要因素;回火温度选择在540~590℃的1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢试样冲击韧度全部合格,回火温度选择在660~710℃的试样冲击韧度部分不合格。选择回火温度为540~590℃,可提高材料的合格率,确保生产进度。     

热处理工艺对连铸10CrNi3MoV钢性能的影响

针对高温热成型及正常调质处理后连铸10CrNi3MoV钢性能恶化这一问题,研究了循环/亚温淬火热处理工艺,进行了力学性能测试、显微组织观察及晶粒度评定.结果表明,采用亚温淬火( 835℃×2h+ 820℃×2h)+高温回火(630℃×3h)热处理工艺,可有效细化连铸10CrNi3MoV钢的晶粒,显著改善其低温韧性,使其...     

25Cr2MoVA钢调质规范对力学性能的影响

研究了25Cr2MoVA钢经900℃加热淬火不同回火温度对组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,25Cr2MoVA钢调质及具有高的抗回火稳定性,回火温度提高到660℃以上仍具有较高的强度和塑性,在350℃以下具有较高的高温强度和伸长率.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.