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本研究采用观察、分析方法,综合研究了不同热处理条件下5Ni钢的微观组织结构和宏观力学性能间的关系。结果表明,为了获得具有高强度、高韧性、可焊接的新型耐压壳体用结构钢,必须采用适宜的热处理工艺制度,即:900±10℃淬火+650℃高温回火。 相似文献
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实际生产中,由于热处理工艺不同,或热处理操作不当,或热处理设备仪表存在问题,使热处理后的组织可由不同的组成物组成.钢热处理组织组成物的种类决定于加热温度和冷却速度.加热温度有Ac_1与Ac_3(或Ac_(cm))之间及Ac_3(或Ac_(cm))以上两种情况.这两种加热温度不同其组织也不同.冷却速度可以分为图1所示的5种.由不同的加热温度和不同的冷却速度组合起来可获得不同类型的组织,几乎概括了钢热处理时可能出现的各类组织.本讲的目的在于介绍各类组织的形态,供金相分析时参考. 相似文献
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采用热处理试验、拉伸试验、冲击试验、金相检验和断口分析等方法,分析了热处理工艺对16 Mn钢锻件的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:在相同正火温度下,随着正火冷却速率的提高,16 Mn钢锻件的抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度均呈上升趋势,断后伸长率呈下降趋势,断面收缩率变化不明显,-20℃冲击吸收功均高于标准值(不小于41 ... 相似文献
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5 40Cr球化退火组织 图6为40Cr球化退火组织。从显微观察可见,该组织由两部分组成:白亮块和分布着小颗粒的白亮块。40Cr钢球化退火后只能由铁素体与渗碳体两相组成。所以白色颗粒状物为渗碳体,白亮块及分布有渗碳体颗粒的白亮块(基体)均为铁素体。从形态看也可判断它是铁素体块及分布有渗碳体的铁素体。形成这种组织完全决定于退火工艺。球化前原始组织为大块状铁素体与珠光体的混合组织,经750℃加热时,组织为铁素体块+(奥氏体和少量的渗碳体);缓冷后,铁素体块不变,而奥氏体分解为球状珠光体,致使缓冷后组织中碳化物分布极不均匀, 相似文献
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对9Ni低温钢进行淬火+回火(QT)、淬火+淬火+回火(QQT)不同工艺路径的热处理试验,分析了不同热处理工艺路径下9Ni低温钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:不同的热处理工艺路径直接影响9Ni低温铜最终的性能。相较于淬火+回火(QT)工艺路径,采用含有两相区淬火的QQT工艺能明显提高9Ni低温铜的低温韧性,但降低强度。在淬火+回火(QT)工艺路径下,随着回火温度的升高,9Ni钢回火析出组织更加充分均匀,其低温韧性呈上升趋势。在淬火+淬火+回火(QQT)工艺路径下,9Ni钢的低温韧性随两相区淬火温度的升高呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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4 马氏体及铁素体或碳化物组织这类组织对亚共析钢来说是马氏体及铁素体,对过共析钢来说是碳化物及马氏体组织.马氏体和铁素体组织.因铁素体的来源不同,其形态也不同.若淬火温度低于Ac_3/高温下有未溶铁素体,冷却时按图1中V_1;的速度冷却.奥氏体完全转变为马氏体,铁素体被保留下来成为组织组成物之一.若加热温度高于Ac_3,高温组织为单相奥氏体,冷却时以图1中V_4的速度冷却,也就是生产中有时采用的预冷淬火,即出炉后在空气中预冷一定时间,再淬入介质中快冷(相当于图1中V_5).但因在空气中预冷时间过长,使淬入介质之前已从奥氏体中析出铁素体,再淬入介质后剩余的奥氏体完全转变为马氏体.由于铁素体形态不同,所以这类组织可能有图4所示的三种形态.第一种是如图4a所示的块状铁素体加马氏体,铁素体是未溶的白色块状,其分布仍然保留淬火前沿轧向呈带状分布.第二种如图4b所示的条网状铁素体加马氏体.由于冷却不足,淬火时首先沿奥氏体晶界析出呈网状分布的铁素体,冷至M_s点时,过冷奥氏体发生马氏体转变,生成低碳马氏体.在b图中铁素体为白色网条状,明显可见沿奥氏体晶界分布的特点;图中还有极少量的针状铁素体.第三种是兼有前两种形态的铁素体,即既有未溶的块状铁素体,又有析出的条网状铁素体,如图4c 所示.图 相似文献
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为了提高整体式车桥用钢的综合力学性能,对XCQ16-1钢进行了调质热处理工艺研究.通过材料单向拉伸、冲击和硬度等试验,研究了不同回火温度、回火保温时间、淬火温度和淬火保温时间对XCQ16-1钢力学性能的影响规律,制定了试验条件下的调质热处理工艺,并分析了不同工艺参数对材料组织的影响规律.试验结果表明:回火工艺对XCQ16-1钢组织和力学性能的影响比较大,随回火温度的升高和回火保温时间的延长,材料的强度性能下降,塑性和韧性指标上升.经860℃保温30min淬火+470℃保温90min回火调质处理后,该材料可获得良好的综合性能. 相似文献
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Xiangfeng Liang Dexin Ma Zhihong Jia Xiangfeng Meng 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2017,32(16):1887-1892
This paper studied the structural design of a ceramic core and a blade, ceramic core localization, shell preparation, casting process, core leaching technology, and the heat treatment process of a single-crystal hollow turbine blade. The results show that the single-crystal structure solidification sequence of the blade platform is consistent with the cooling sequence and the pulling-out direction of the blade. The primary dendrites were obviously enlarged with the increase of the blade thickness owing to the change in the local cooling rate. Besides, the γ′ phase had a high uniform size distribution ranging from 0.40 to 0.60?µm after heat treatment, and the cubic degree was more homogeneous in comparison with the as-cast microstructure, which are favorable for the superalloy structure. Moreover, γ′ phase size gradually increased and its quantity gradually reduced owing to the increase of the wall thickness in the growth direction. 相似文献
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《低温学》2017
The effect of postweld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ITER-grade 316LN austenitic stainless steel joints with ER316LMn filler material was investigated. PWHT aging was performed for 1 h at four different temperatures of 600 °C, 760 °C, 870 °C and 920 °C, respectively. The microstructure revealed the sigma phase precipitation occurred in the weld metals heat-treated at the temperature of 870 °C and 920 °C. The PWHT temperatures have the less effect on the tensile strength, and the maximum tensile strength of the joints is about 630 MPa, reaching the 95% of the base metal, whereas the elongation is enhanced with the rise of PWHT temperatures. Meanwhile, the sigma phase precipitation in the weld metals reduces the impact toughness. 相似文献
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不同厚度的10CrN iMnMo低合金高强钢连铸连轧并热处理后,强度变化不大,但冲击韧性值却相差较大.采用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜等手段对低合金钢10CrN iMnMo轧制态及热处理后的组织和性能进行研究.结果表明,轧制态的低合金钢板材上有大量的纳米级碳化物弥散分布于铁素体基体上,但其组织由于板厚的不同而不同.厚板≥12 mm其组织为铁素体+贝氏体;而薄板的组织为铁素体+贝氏体+马氏体+残余奥氏体.在后续热处理中,厚板的强度降低,而冲击韧性变化很大.薄板的强度变化较厚板小,并且冲击韧性变化不明显,这主要是由于马氏体的存在和碳化物析出强化的作用. 相似文献
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基于激光选区熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)技术,采用加热打印基板和低功率慢扫描的打印策略,制备了近全致密、低缺陷的高速钢样品;对比分析了固溶淬火及1~4次高温回火等热处理工艺对高速钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:SLM极高的熔融/冷却速率产生了细晶奥氏体组织,解决了高速钢中常见的粗大莱氏体组织和网状碳化物问题。固溶淬火处理后高速钢组织由马氏体和残余奥氏体组成。随后在数次高温回火过程中,高速钢逐渐向回火马氏体转变,并析出大量微米级和纳米级MC型碳化物。在马氏体相变强化和MC型碳化物沉淀强化作用下,固溶淬火+3次回火的Tempered-Ⅲ样品硬度60HRC,抗弯强度3621 MPa,弯曲断裂应变为10.1%,获得硬度、强度和韧性匹配较佳的综合性能。继续增加回火次数则导致部分碳化物长大,使得高速钢弯曲断裂应变有所降低。通过SLM技术结合固溶淬火+高温回火,能够充分发挥细晶强化、相变强化和沉淀强化效果,为高强高韧复杂形状高速钢零件的快速制备提供了新途径。 相似文献
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采用激光增材制造技术制备12CrNi2合金钢核电应急柴油机凸轮轴可以明显降低产品研发周期,优化产品结构.本研究采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电子万能试验机对激光增材制造12CrNi2合金钢热处理前后的组织和力学性能进行了研究.微观组织观察发现,试样存在带状特征和柱状晶形貌,圆弧带间为致密的冶金结合,顶部由于无后一道的重熔热作用,柱状晶形貌十分显著.沉积态组织主要由铁素体组成,试样不同部位的铁素体形貌存在一定的差异.经退火处理后,铁素体边界出现大量白色粒状析出物,延伸率显著提高,达到22.9%.经淬火及不同温度回火处理后,带状特征和柱状晶形貌消除,得到马氏体及其回火组织,抗拉强度达到1 000 MPa.与沉积态抗拉强度831 MPa相比,热处理态试样的抗拉强度显著提高.经固溶时效处理后,晶粒明显粗化. 相似文献
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稀土变质及热处理对高碳铬铸钢力学性能影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了稀土变质与热处理对高碳铬铸钢力学性能的影响.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察了试样碳化物的形貌、冲击断口及磨面特征,用公式s=20.3 z/P2计算了碳化物的形状因子;采用冲击试验机、万能试验机等测试了试样的冲击韧性、抗弯强度、挠度;用动载磨损试验机对试样进行了磨损试验.结果表明:高碳铬铸钢经0.22%稀土变质后再经960℃×3 h正火,其冲击韧性提高180%,,抗磨性提高20%,强度提高76%,塑性也有所提高.其主要原因在于稀土变质及热处理使高碳铬铸钢组织中连续网状的共晶碳化物转变为孤立的块状、碳化物的形状因子增大以及粒状碳化物的析出所致. 相似文献
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The variation of yield strength and fracture toughness was investigated for four different heat treatments attempted on specimens
of a near-eutectoid steel. The aim of this study was to optimize the microstructure for simultaneous improvements in strength
and toughness. Further, the fracture toughness deduced through empirical relations from tensile and charpy impact tests was
compared with those measured directly according to ASTM Designation: E 399. Among the four different heat treatments attempted
in this study, the plane strain condition was valid in the fracture toughness tests for (i) normalized and (ii) hardened and
tempered (500°C for 1 h) treatments only. The latter of the two heat treatments resulted in simultaneous improvement of strength
and plane strain fracture toughness. The finely-dispersed carbides seem to arrest the crack propagation and also increase
the strength. The pearlitic microstructure of the former leads to easy crack propagation along cementite platelets and/or
cementite/ferrite interfaces. The nature of variation of empirically determined toughness values from tensile tests for different
heat treatments is similar to that measured directly through fracture toughness tests, although the two sets of values do
not match quantitatively. On the other hand, the toughness data deduced from charpy impact test is in close agreement with
that evaluated directly from fracture toughness tests. 相似文献
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Reinhold Schneider Daniel Krizan Christof Sommitsch 《Materials Science & Technology》2019,35(17):2045-2053
ABSTRACTThe heat-treatment (HT) schedule and selected annealing parameters have a substantial effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium-Mn-steels. The structure morphology depends on the fact, whether the austenite-reverted transformation takes place from deformed (one-step HT) or non-deformed (two-step HT) microstructures. Depending on the intercritical annealing temperature, the stability of the retained austenite can be altered to a large extent. As a result, the mechanical properties can be adjusted from high strength with excellent ductility to very high strength with reasonable ductility. The present contribution, therefore, elucidates the dependence of the microstructural characteristics and material behaviour on the HT parameters for medium-Mn alloy compositions with different Mn-contents.This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Medium Manganese Steels. 相似文献