氟处理的镁合金表面电化学沉积Ca-P涂层的研究

为改善镁合金的耐蚀性和生物相容性,以氟处理的AZ31镁合金为基体,通过Ca(OH)2处理后使其表面改性,用电化学沉积法在其表面制备了Ca-P涂层。通过SEM、EDS、XRD和FTIR分析了涂层的形貌、化学成分和相组成。结果表明:经HF酸处理后,镁合金表面形成具有微孔的氟转化层,氟转化层在Ca(OH)_2溶液浸泡后形成具有微纳米孔隙的CaF_2层;相比于未经Ca(OH)_2处理的氟转化膜表面,具有微纳米孔隙的富钙层更有利于诱导含磷基团和钙离子的形核,电化学沉积所得的Ca-P涂层更致密均匀,晶体结晶更完整;电化学沉积后的涂层由长约70μm、宽约30μm的片状透钙磷石(DCPD,CaHPO_4·2H_2O)晶体组成,碱热处理后涂层表面形成大量绒毛状物质,DCPD转变为HA,HA涂层也是由呈花簇状生长的片状晶体构成。     

电泳沉积ZnO薄膜的制备和表征（英文）

采用电泳沉积,在ITO玻璃基片上制备了多孔纳米晶片组成的网状ZnO薄膜。研究了工艺参数如电流密度和沉积时间对ZnC)前躯体薄膜的表面形貌和相组成的影响。结果表明,纳米片在低电流密度下水平覆盖在基片上,而在高电流密度下则垂直于基片排列形成均匀分布的网状膜。基于纳米片表面上电荷的分布提出了可能的形成机理。由于一些纳米片的聚集,增加沉积时间有助于花状微米球的形成。从胶体悬浮液中所沉积的薄膜主要由ZnO和Zn_4C3(OH)_6H_2O相组成,热处理后薄膜中的Zn_4C3(OH)_6H_2O相完全转变成ZnO。多孔纳米片的形成是由于Zn_4C3(OH)_6H_2O相分解释放了水和CO_2。热处理加强了ZnO薄膜的微纳米层级结构。     

NiTi表面电化学方法制备HA生物涂层的工艺研究

系统研究了 NiTi 形状记忆合金表面电化学方法制备 HA 生物涂层过程中工艺参数对涂层相组成及其结构和形貌的影响,得出了最佳沉积规范,在该规范下沉积的涂层均由 CaHPO4·2H2O 组成,经碱处理后完全转变为 HA。所制备的 HA 涂层均匀致密,一定条件下涂层形貌由传统的针状转变为片层状。初步探讨了 HA 涂层形貌发生转变的机理。     

新型达克罗涂层的制备与组织结构

目的 制备环保的无铬达克罗涂层,研究涂层烧结和腐蚀前后微观组织结构的变化,探究涂层的防腐机制。方法 用锌铝合金粉替代锌铝混合粉,钼酸盐和硅烷偶联剂取代铬酸盐制备无铬达克罗涂料,采用喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上涂装制备涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层在烧结和腐蚀前后的物相组成。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析涂层在烧结和腐蚀前后微观组织形貌的变化。结果 钢基体上无铬达克罗涂层组织致密,表面平滑,呈银灰色,无明显孔隙,涂层厚度为8~12 μm。涂层烧结前后表面均由富锌α相、富铝η相和Fe相组成,但烧结后物相的结晶程度较高,未有新相产生。涂层与基体结合紧密在于涂层中的Zn和Al与基体中的Fe在结合界面处相互扩散形成冶金结合。在浸泡试验中,锌铝合金粉优先溶解为海绵状组织,随后与腐蚀介质反应生成针状成岛状分布的腐蚀产物,腐蚀产物包括Zn5(OH)8Cl.H2O、Al5Cl3(OH)12.4H2O、Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2和少量Fe(OH)3。结论 烧结有利于提高涂层物相的结晶度和涂层表面的致密性,有效发挥涂层物理屏蔽作用。涂层腐蚀防护机制为:腐蚀初期主要发挥片状锌铝粉片层状结构的物理屏蔽作用和腐蚀产物填充涂层破坏区域的自修复作用,随着腐蚀时间的延长,涂层发挥牺牲阳极的阴极保护作用。     

Si基上羟基磷灰石/Al2O3复合生物涂层的制备

采用物理气相沉积(PVD)与阳极氧化与电沉积相结合的复合技术在Si基表面制备了羟基磷灰石(HA)/Al2O3复合生物涂层。采用SEM研究了阳极氧化Al2O3和HA/Al2O3复合生物涂层的形貌,并采用EDS与XRD研究了HA/Al2O3复合生物涂层的组成和物相。结果表明:扩孔处理后阳极氧化的Al2O3孔径约为1.5~3.0μm,电沉积HA的n(Ca)/n(P)约为1.61,最终获得了以HA为外层、HA/Al2O3为中间过渡层、Si为基底的复合材料。其中,HA不仅沉积于阳极氧化Al2O3的孔洞中,且外延生长并覆盖在阳极氧化Al2O3表面,从而在HA外层与HA/Al2O3中间过渡层之间形成了一种T形分布的结构特征,该结构特征将有助于增强HA外层与中间过渡层的界面结合强度。     

医用镁合金表面激光重熔羟基磷灰石涂层

为提高医用镁合金的表面耐蚀性和生物相容性,采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合技术在镁合金表面制备羟基磷灰石(HA)生物涂层。研究结果表明,所制备的羟基磷灰石涂层为短杆状堆积结构,主要由HA和β-TCP相组成;涂层的弹性模量约为50 GPa,较已临床应用的医用金属材料显著降低,显微硬度约为455 HV,具有较好的耐磨性。涂层在模拟体液中具有很好的耐蚀性,在腐蚀12 d后涂层表面形貌仍然较完整,无腐蚀孔洞出现。钙磷沉积实验结果表明,涂层表面形成一层新的生物磷灰石层,表明涂层具有较好的骨诱导性。     

纳米缺钙羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层中相组成和显微结构的控制

研究了低钙磷比溶液电沉积缺钙羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层在水热合成和700℃,800℃,900℃焙烧后的相组成和显微组织结构;用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对涂层进行分析。结果表明:在电沉积液Ca/P比1.30,沉积液温度25℃,电压4V条件下,Ti基体表面沉积了片状和条状HAP和CaHPO4·2H2O混合相涂层;在pH值为12的碱液中,150℃和200℃水热合成4h后涂层由针状纯HAP组成,Ca/P比约为1.61,且随着水热合成温度的升高,晶体结晶度提高,但晶体无明显长大趋势;700℃焙烧后,涂层仍由纯HAP组成,只是晶体因失水而发生团聚;800℃焙烧后,部分HAP发生分解,生成β-Ca3(PO4)2,且HAP与β-Ca3(PO4)2的体积比为90∶10,形貌为块状和板条状,其表面附着许多细小的针状颗粒;900℃焙烧后,β-Ca3(PO4)2的含量增加,HAP与β-Ca3(PO4)2的体积比为74∶26,小颗粒团聚成较大的块状和板条状颗粒。由此制备了对骨组织生长更有利的HAP+β-Ca3(PO4)2双相涂层结构。     

微弧氧化制备氧化铝阻氚涂层的研究（英文）

采用微弧氧化技术在316L不锈钢基体上制备了氧化铝阻氚涂层,利用XRD、SEM、涡流法对涂层进行了相结构、表面形貌、膜厚的分析,并进行了划痕实验、抗热震性能及阻氚性能测试。结果表明:相结构、表面形貌、膜厚受到微弧氧化电流密度、电压、反应时间的影响。其中,电流密度、电压都能改变涂层相结构,较高电流密度将促进Al→Al_2O_3的形成,而较高电压将促进γ-Al_2O_3→α-Al_2O_3的相变。提高电压、反应时间,涂层表面放电孔洞将变大从而影响表面质量;最佳电流密度为9 A/dm~2,此时表面质量较好。通过性能测试及综合分析,最佳工艺参数为6 A/dm~2、300 V、30 min,膜基结合力、抗热震较好,能使316L不锈钢的氚渗透率降低3个数量级。     

水热电化学法制备HA／ZrO2复合涂层

采用水热电化学法成功制备了HA/ZrO2复合涂层,对涂层的组分结构、表面形貌、热稳定性进行了研究,并探讨了ZrO2的复合对涂层结合强度和生物活性的影响.结果表明当温度小于200℃时,得到缺钙磷灰石Ca10-x(HPO4)x(PO4)6-x(OH)2-x(calcium deficient hydroxyapatite,简称CDHA,0≤x≤1)和ZrO2的复合涂层,温度在200℃时,得到HA/ZrO2复合涂层;经焙烧处理后,涂层中四方晶相ZrO2(t-ZrO2)与单斜晶相ZrO2(m-ZrO2)之间发生马氏体相变;800℃焙烧后,HA部分分解为β-Ca3(PO4)2(β-TCP);当涂层中ZrO2小于35.22%(质量分数,下同)时,HA/ZrO2复合涂层的结合强度明显高于纯HA涂层;复合涂层在模拟体液中浸泡7 d后,表面即形成一层碳磷灰石层,ZrO2的复合没有降低涂层的生物活性.     

TiAl合金表面阴极微弧沉积Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层的生长过程与相组成

利用阴极微弧沉积技术在预处理后的TiAl合金表面制备了Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层,研究了涂层的生长过程和相组成。采用扫描电子电镜(SEM、EDS)、透射电子电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法,对Al_2O_3涂层的生长过程中的微观形貌、组织成分以及晶体结构的演变进行了研究与分析。结果表明,TiAl合金表面阴极微弧沉积过程中,在阴极表面发生非晶态Al(OH)3的吸附、脱水烧结形成Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层的沉积。Al_2O_3涂层生长分前期I、中期II和后期III 3个阶段,前期起弧阻挡层被击穿,涂层生长较慢、组织致密且与基体结合良好;反应中期涂层生长较快,Al(OH)_3不断吸附和脱水烧结,涂层结晶度提高;反应后期涂层生长速度变缓,表层组织疏松、多孔,相组成为87.5%的α-Al_2O_3和12.5%的γ-Al_2O_3。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。