百叶窗形蜂窝构件窗的热性能理论研究

针对百叶窗形蜂窝构件窗相比于矩形蜂窝构件窗的太阳辐射透过率高但热损系数增加的特点，为比较两者对普通双层窗热性能的改善程度，采用了3个不同纬度地区的气象数据，对这三种窗体结构进行了全年模拟计算。结果表明相比于普通双层窗，百叶窗形蜂窝构件窗和矩形蜂窝构件窗的热性能都得到了很大的提高，其中百叶窗形蜂窝构件窗又优于矩形蜂窝构件窗。但随着纬度的升高、太阳辐射的降低、环境温度的下降和当地风速的增加，两者之间的差别变得越来越小。     

不同深径比的透明蜂窝热性能实验研究

在理论计算的基础上,制作 了多种不同深径比的透明蜂窝结构件,并进行了大量的实验研究,得出了不同入射角下的透过率以及不同温度下的热损系数,对流热损系数和深径比的关系曲线。     

几种带有不同透明隔热材料窗户对冬季室内热环境影响的实验研究

用可对比动态热箱实验台就单层窗、双层窗、锯齿型蜂窝＋双层窗及矩形孔蜂窝＋双层窗对冬季室的热环境的影响分别进行了对比实验，给出了实测数据和分析结果，并在此基础上预测了南窗面积占南立面的百分数对室内热环境的影响的差异。     

一座典型建筑物的窗户覆盖透明蜂窝后的热环境分析

透明隔热材料（ＴＩＭ）的热损系数Ｕ值低于１．５Ｗ／ｍ２·Ｋ，太阳辐射的透过率大于７０％，在被动式太阳房中具有良好的应用前景。粗略地模拟了当建筑物的南窗很大并覆盖透明蜂窝时，在夏季和冬季的日照和气候条件下室内温度的动态变化。结果显示该房具有良好的热性能。     

利用瞬态法测量透明蜂窝构件的热损系数

介绍一种原理简单，易于实现且可迅速测量透明隔热材料热损系数的瞬态方法。利用该方法测量了由中国科学院上海硅酸盐硬件民和中国科学技术大会合作生产的透明蜂窝构件的热损系数，并对其放置位置（水平或垂直），透明蜂窝厚度（蜂窝孔径为定值）以及复合蜂窝底部空气层厚度等因素进行了探讨。     

光伏百叶窗角度控制优化与能效性能模拟研究

通过将光伏百叶和双层通风窗有效结合,提出一种新型双层通风光伏百叶窗(PV-Blind),并利用EnergyPlus对双层通风光伏百叶窗的综合能耗和发电性能进行模拟,基于在不产生眩光的条件下综合能效最佳提出一种新的角度控制优化策略。在该角度控制优化策略基础上对双层通风光伏百叶窗的通风模式进行优化设计,并将其与夏热冬冷地区非晶硅双层通风光伏窗(PV-DSF)和中空型光伏窗(PV-IGU)进行对比分析。模拟结果发现,相较热压通风模式和不通风模式,自然通风模式下双层通风光伏百叶窗的全年综合能耗可分别减少5.85和17.73 kWh;相较PV-DSF和PV-IGU,双层通风光伏百叶窗可分别节能52.27%和51.48%。     

空气集热器透明蜂窝透过率的二维理论推导

透明蜂窝的太阳透过率是衡量平板式太阳能集热器性能的主要参数.本文考虑入射光线所在平面垂直于集热器表面的情况,从而将光线在蜂窝内部的复杂的传播过程简化为在一个矩形单元内的二维多次反射.根据几何光学原理,推导出蜂窝的有效透过率的计算公式:τe=[(1-Atanθ+N)+(Atanθ-Nρe]τ2ρNe.根据公式,透明蜂窝的有效透过率为入射角θ、材料的透射率τ和反射率ρ、以及蜂窝单元的高宽比A的函数,与蜂窝的具体尺寸无关.该公式提供了计算透明蜂窝透过率的一个简单而有效的方法.     

阳光板的光学和热学性质的实验和理论研究

测试了一种双层阳光板的光学总透射比和热损系数,并与窗玻璃的实验值进行对比。结果表明,阳光板槽道东西同与东北走向相比,其光学透射比较大,热损系数几乎相等。同时对其进行了理论计算。     

空冷型光伏双层窗在华东地区的热性能模拟分析

从实际制作工艺出发,设计空冷型光伏双层窗,建立理论模型.以合肥为例,对华东地区的办公室进行了性能模拟并与普通光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗进行了对比分析.结果表明:虽然在冬季采暖季节,空冷型光伏双层窗得热量低于单层光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗,但是相比于单层光伏窗和中空型光伏双层窗,空冷型光伏双层窗更加能够有效地抑制夏季室内得热,减少了夏季室内冷负荷,分析结果将为光伏电池在建筑窗体上的应用提供参考依据.     

两种新型太阳能通风窗在香港地区的实验研究

介绍了两种新型太阳能通风窗的原理和结构,以已有的控温热箱为基础,建立了太阳能通风窗实验平台,在亚热带气候条件下,对普通单层窗、自然通风双层窗、强迫通风双层窗进行了对比实验研究.结果显示,相对于普通单层窗,在基本满足室内采光要求的前提下,自然通风双层窗可以减少室内得热的38%;强迫通风双层窗可以减少室内得热的62%,明显降低了空调系统的冷负荷和能源消耗.     

Thermal transmittance of multiple glazing: computational fluid dynamics prediction

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied for predicting the convective heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance and thermal transmittance for a double glazing unit. The predicted thermal resistance of glazing is compared with reference data and good agreement is achieved. The convective heat transfer coefficient and thermal transmittance vary with the air space width and the temperature difference across glazing. The CFD technique can be used to gain insight into multiple glazing performance and also optimise the design and operation of novel multiple glazing systems such as air flow windows or double skin facades in terms of energy efficiency and thermal comfort.     

Experimental evaluation of ventilated glazing performance in Hong Kong

Window glazing affects much the indoor environment and the energy use in buildings. While double glazing has better thermal performance than single glazing, the airflow window options carry additional advantage of directly removing the absorbed solar energy in glass panes. This paper reports an experimental study in Hong Kong in evaluating the thermal/energy performance of the above‐mentioned glazing systems. A new approach of using numerical simulation technique to improve the quality of experimental analysis was introduced. Our findings show that the natural‐ventilated glazing system has a better thermal performance than the double‐glazing system since the latter received 13.6% more convective heat gain. The main advantage of the exhaust‐ventilated glazing system lies in the decrease of convective heat transfer to 34.3% of the double glazing, and 19.4% of the single‐glazing types. The results showed that the ventilated glazing schemes in association with daylight utilization could lead to substantial electricity savings in the office environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the top heat loss factor of flat plate solar collectors with single and double glazing

The dependence of the top heat loss factor of flat plate solar collectors with single and double glazing on the basic parameters was studied. An improved technique for calculation of the top heat loss factor of flat plate collectors with single glazing has recently been proposed by the authors. The present work, covering the flat plate collectors with single as well as double glazing, carefully examines the impact of the glass cover temperature(s) estimated by simple empirical relation(s) on the individual heat transfer coefficients and hence on the top heat loss factor. An analysis of the capability of the new method to accurately compute the top heat loss factor over an extensive number of combinations of the basic parameters has been carried out.     

复合透明蜂窝结构中辐射－导热耦合传热的简化分析

在假定蜂窝壁具有漫发射和漫反射性质的基础上,对复合蜂窝中的辐射－导热耦合传热问题进行了分析,讨论了蜂窝壁发射率、吸热板发射率、蜂窝的高宽比等参数对热损的影响,并与实验值进行了对比分析。该方法可用于蜂窝热设计的简化工程计算。     

玻璃窗内加布帘后传热性能的研究

对玻璃窗内加布帘后的传热系数进行了测定。实验的窗系统分别为单层玻璃和双层玻璃内加布帘。实验中考虑了布帘边缘自然松弛和布布边缘密封的影响。通过对１００％玻璃的窗系统进行实验，得出该条件下传热系数的经验关系式，然后对窗框类型和环境风速的影响进行修正。修正后的传热系数经验公式可以方便地用于实际窗系统的瞬态传热计算。     

平板型吸收器的实验研究

由于其工作介质不含氟利昂，以及可利用较低品质废热和太阳能等从而节约能源减少二氧化碳的排放量等优点，近年来吸收式制冷机／热泵越来越受到关注。但是为了与压缩式制冷机在所有市场范围内进行竞争，还需要进一步提高性能，降低成本和减小尺寸。而其中吸收器是吸收式机组中的关键设备，无论对整机性能还是外形尺寸都有很大影响。与传统的溴化锂水平管式吸收器不同，本文从易于布置从而减小机组尺寸的角度出发，开展了平板型吸收器的研究并给出相关实验结果，以期为该类型吸收器的设计提供参考。     

Comparison of vacuum glazing thermal performance predicted using two- and three-dimensional models and their experimental validation

Thermal performance of vacuum glazing predicted by using two-dimensional (2-D) finite element and three-dimensional (3-D) finite volume models are presented. In the 2-D model, the vacuum space, including the pillar arrays, was represented by a material whose effective thermal conductivity was determined from the specified vacuum space width, the heat conduction through the pillar array and the calculated radiation heat transfer between the two interior glass surfaces within the vacuum gap. In the 3-D model, the support pillar array was incorporated and modelled within the glazing unit directly. The predicted difference in overall heat transfer coefficients between the two models for the vacuum window simulated was less than 3%. A guarded hot box calorimeter was used to determine the experimental thermal performance of vacuum glazing. The experimentally determined overall heat transfer coefficient and temperature profiles along the central line of the vacuum glazing are in very good agreement with the predictions made using the 2-D and 3-D models.     

Influence of thermal emittance on the performance of laminated solar control glazing

Influence of thermal emittance on the performance of laminated solar control glazing is presented. A transient one-dimensional mathematical model allowing the prediction of conductive heat transfer within the glazing and convective and radiative heat transfer from the glazing towards the interior and exterior are considered separately. A constant normal incidence of air mass 2 solar radiation of 750 W/m² was assumed. The redistribution of the component of the solar radiation absorbed by the laminated glass and the shading coefficient (SC) were calculated for solar transmittance, 0.05 to 0.35; thermal emittance of the inner surface of the glazing, 0.15 to 0.85; convective heat transfer coefficient for the exterior surface, 10–100 W/m² K and exterior ambient temperatures of 15°C, 32°C and 45°C. The results indicate that as the emittance decreases, the SC decreases by 10–20% for all cases of ambient temperatures considered. The contribution from the convective mechanisms to the heat transfer to the interior is always higher than that from radiative process in the range of ambient temperatures considered. The results presented in this paper would help to decide whether for a given location of interest, the incorporation of a heat mirror glazing would make a meaningful reduction in the cooling load in enclosures with single glazed windows.