等离子熔覆AlCoCrCuFeNiMnV_(0.2)C_x高熵合金的组织结构

利用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢板上制备Al Co Cr Cu Fe Ni Mn V0.2Cx(x=0,0.02,0.05,0.1,0.2,摩尔比)高熵合金熔覆层,采用XRF、OM、SEM、XRD、显微硬度计等分析了熔覆层的合金成分、微观组织、物相结构以及显微硬度。结果表明,熔覆层基体组织均为典型的树枝晶结构,由FCC+BCC固溶体组成,枝晶为BCC相,枝晶间为FCC相。当x为0.05~0.2时,熔覆层组织中有大量VC相在枝晶内析出,其形态多呈十字状和多边形颗粒状。由于碳的固溶强化作用和VC的析出相强化作用,随着碳含量的增加,熔覆层显微硬度呈增大的趋势,当x=0.2时,显微硬度达到572.4 HV。     

等离子原位合成VC增强CoCrCuFeNiMn高熵合金基熔覆层微观组织研究

目的在廉价钢材表面制备原位自生碳化物增强高熵合金基熔覆层,研究熔覆层的微观结构及性能,为进一步探索高熵合金及其复合材料在表面工程中的应用提供实验范例和理论依据。方法利用等离子熔覆法在Q235钢表面原位制备出VC增强的CoCrCuFeNiMn(VC)x(x=0、0.1、0.2,摩尔比)高熵合金基熔覆层,采用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度计,对熔覆层的相结构、微观组织以及硬度进行分析。结果 CoCrCuFeNiMn(VC)x(x=0.1、0.2)熔覆层由高熵固溶体基体相(FCC1+FCC2)以及VC增强相组成。VC呈颗粒状或花瓣状,主要在基体的枝晶间偏聚,少量在枝晶内析出。透射电子显微镜实验结果显示,原位自生VC与基体之间的界面洁净,未发现明显的反应产物,符合原位自生复合材料的界面特征。在一定范围内(x=0~0.2),熔覆层的硬度随着VC含量的增加而升高。结论在Q235钢表面采用等离子熔覆法可以原位制备出VC增强CoCrCuFeNiMn高熵合金基熔覆层,熔覆层与基材呈冶金结合,原位自生VC对基体起到了强化作用。     

TC4合金表面熔覆石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层的组织及性能

目的 通过氩弧熔覆技术在TC4合金表面制备石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层,以改善其耐磨性能.方法 将钛粉和石墨烯在球磨机中充分混合.将混合后的粉末涂覆于TC4合金表面,采用氩弧熔覆技术将预涂覆粉末熔化,制备出陶瓷颗粒增强钛基熔覆层.采用X射线衍射分析仪分析涂层的物相,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜分析熔覆层中颗粒相的组成及分布.采用显微维氏硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机,测试熔覆层的显微硬度和磨损性能.结果 熔覆层厚度可达1 mm,且表面及横截面没有气孔、裂纹等缺陷产生,物相主要包括TiC和 α-Ti.熔覆层中不同区域的组织存在差别,涂层的中上部组织主要为树枝晶,底部组织中树枝晶逐渐减少.熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,组织致密.增强相TiC以颗粒状和花瓣状形式存在.石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层的显微硬度高达845.4HV.在相同磨损条件下,TC4合金基体与熔覆层的磨损量分别是0.153 g和0.0123 g,熔覆层的磨损量明显降低.涂层的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损.结论 与TC4合金基体对比,熔覆层的显微硬度提高约2.5倍,耐磨性提高12倍.氩弧熔覆原位自生TiC陶瓷颗粒增强钛基熔覆层可显著提高TC4合金表面的耐磨性.     

等离子熔覆CoCrFeMnNiCx高熵合金的组织结构

用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢上制备了CoCrFeMnNiCx（x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2,x为摩尔分数）高熵合金熔覆层,并研究了熔覆层的合金成分,显微组织、相结构以及显微硬度。结果表明： C0、C0.05、C0.1和C0.2合金熔覆层的显微组织均为树枝晶结构,其中,C0合金熔覆层只形成了简单的面心立方相,其晶格常数为0.359 7 nm;加入C后,合金熔覆层仍以简单面心立方为主,只是晶格常数有所增加,分别为0.360 2（C0.05）、0.360 3（C0.1）和0.361 8（C0.2） nm;同时有少量Cr7C3生成,且随着C含量的增加,Cr7C3的形态由棒条状变为多边形颗粒状。由于少量的C元素在熔覆层中既可以作为固溶元素起到间隙固溶强化效果,也可与Cr元素形成Cr7C3起到第二相弥散强化作用,所以随含C量的增加,熔覆层显微硬度呈增大的趋势,当C的摩尔比为0.2时,熔覆层硬度达到354.7 HV0.5。     

H13钢表面激光熔覆NbC/Ni60复合涂层组织及高温耐磨损性能

目的 研究NbC颗粒的加入量对H13钢表面激光熔覆NbC/Ni60复合涂层的组织、硬度和耐磨性的影响。方法 将Ni60合金粉末与NbC碳化物粉末球磨混合,采用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢基体表面制备不同NbC含量(质量分数分别为0%、10%、20%、30%)增强的NbC/Ni60合金复合涂层。采用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪对复合涂层的微观组织和物相进行分析。借助显微硬度计,研究复合涂层的截面显微硬度分布规律。采用高温摩擦磨损试验机测试复合涂层在真空400℃下的摩擦磨损性能。结果 在激光熔覆NbC/Ni60复合涂层中,物相主要由γ-(Ni, Fe)固溶体、Ni₂Si、CrB、Cr₂₃C₆、NbC组成;熔覆层以胞晶和枝晶为主,NbC含量对复合熔覆层组织及形态具有显著影响,加入少量NbC可使熔覆层组织细化;在NbC的质量分数为20%时,大量弥散的Nb C颗粒在枝晶间呈聚集趋势;在NbC的质量分数为30%时,熔覆层中NbC相呈现块状、花瓣状形貌。NbC/Ni60复合涂层的硬度显著高于H13钢基体,随着NbC含量的增加,N...     

扫描速度对激光熔覆钛合金复合涂层显微组织的影响

通过选择合适的激光扫描速度,提高钛合金表面激光熔覆层的质量。在Nd:YAG激光器上采用不同的扫描速度进行熔覆实验,在Ti-6A1-4V合金表面预置Ti和B混合粉末,制备出原位自生的TiB金属陶瓷复合涂层,并对其进行XRD物相分析、显微组织观察及显微硬度分析。涂层主要是由Ti和TiB物相组成,钛合金基体呈现枝晶状或鱼骨状形貌,TiB以胞晶或颗粒状分布在呈枝晶状的Ti周围。随着扫描速度的增加,涂层的硬度也越来越高,但熔覆层深度降低。在不同扫描速度下,熔覆层均与基体呈现良好的冶金结合。存在着增强相的弥散强化作用,熔覆层的硬度得到提高。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆TiN-Ni基合金复合涂层的组织和磨损性能

以TiN和NiCrBSi合金混合粉末为原料，采用激光熔覆技术在TC4合金表面制备出TiN颗粒增强Ni基合金涂层。利用XRD，SEM和TEM等分析了激光熔覆层的相组成及微观组织，并测试了激光熔覆层的显微硬度和磨损性能。结果表明，激光熔覆层由熔覆区和稀释区2个区域组成，熔覆区的组织是在γ-Ni树枝晶和γ-Ni＋Ni3B层片状共晶的基体上均匀地分布着TiN颗粒和针状尬3C6相，显微硬度在9000MPa-12000MPa之间.稀释区为基底TC4合金和熔覆材料Ni基合金的混合凝固区，呈胞状晶和树枝晶形态。激光熔覆层中存在颗粒强化、细晶强化和固溶强化等多种强化作用，大幅度地提高了TC4合金的耐磨性能。     

Q235钢表面氩弧熔覆TiC复合涂层的组织与性能

以Ti粉、C粉、Fe粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢表面原位合成了TiC增强Fe基复合涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织和物相,测定了涂层的硬度。结果表明:复合涂层与基体界面无气孔、裂纹,呈冶金结合;熔覆层组织由树枝晶、等轴晶组成,TiC主要分布于晶粒内和晶界处;涂层显微硬度随TiC含量的增加而增大。     

304不锈钢表面激光原位制备Ti(C,N)增强铁基涂层的组织和性能

采用CO_2激光熔覆工艺在304不锈钢表面制备含Ti(C,N)增强相的铁基熔覆层。利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、维氏显微硬度计和电化学工作站对熔覆层的组织和性能进行表征分析。结果表明:熔覆层呈典型的树枝晶形貌组织,与基体形成了良好的冶金结合。钛铁粉末与石墨、氮气在激光熔覆过程中发生了原位反应,生成了Ti(C,N)增强相。熔覆层主要由γ-Fe、α-Fe、Ti(C_(0.3)N_(0.7))、Fe-N等物相组成。熔覆层的平均硬度值为450 HV0.2,是基体硬度(240 HV0.2)的近2倍。抗电化学腐蚀性能是304不锈钢基材的1.43倍。     

EA4T钢表面激光熔覆Fe314合金熔覆层的微观组织及性能

在EA4T钢表面激光熔覆Fe314合金熔覆层,采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)及显微硬度仪研究熔覆层微观组织及物相结构,并分析熔覆试样的力学性能。结果表明,Fe314合金熔覆层成型良好,无缺陷。熔覆层底部组织由平面晶与平面晶上方垂直于界面生长的粗大树枝晶组成,中部与上部组织以交叉树枝晶为主。熔覆层主要由奥氏体枝晶与枝晶间的(Cr、Fe)7C3相组成。熔覆层的显微硬度值高于基体,熔覆试样抗拉强度升高,但塑性韧性降低。冲击试样断口熔覆层为宏观上解理断裂,微观上局部准解理断裂的混合断裂机制,基体为宏观上小孔聚集型断裂,微观上准解理断裂的韧性断裂机制。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。