煤矸石山自燃机理及灭火技术研究

日益增加的煤矸石在堆置过程中极易发生自燃,对周围环境和居民造成危害。为了预防和控制煤矸石山的自燃,对煤矸石山的自燃机理、自燃因子进行了分析论述,并对几种常用的灭火技术进行比较,同时对今后预防和控制煤矸石山自燃的研究和应用工作重点提出了见解。认为在今后的工作中,除应继续对煤矸石山的自燃机理和自燃因子展开深入研究外,还应开发在技术、经济、可行性方面更为实用的新技术,尝试通过植被混合种植以改变煤矸石山表面的小气候,防止煤矸石山复燃,进而达到煤矸石山治理的目的。     

煤矸石水泥复合体系需水性研究

具有火山灰活性的自燃煤矸石可以作为水泥混合材料使用,但增大自燃煤矸石掺量会引起水泥标准稠度需水量增大等问题.本课题通过对自燃煤矸石细度、颗粒级配、比表面积、孔径分布、表面形态的分析,研究自燃煤矸石水泥复合体系需水量的影响因素.试验分别掺加石灰石粉、矿渣、粉煤灰、硅灰四种矿物外加剂,研究矿物外加剂对自燃煤矸石水泥复合体系需水量的改善作用.研究发现,自燃煤矸石颗粒孔隙率较大、表面形态粗糙是造成自燃煤矸石水泥复合体系需水量大的主要原因;以单掺30wt％自燃煤矸石的煤矸石水泥复合体系的需水量为参照量,复掺5wt％硅灰可明显降低自燃煤矸石水泥复合体系需水量,体系标准稠度需水量降低约9.8％.     

自燃煤矸石轻集料混凝土结构耐久性综述

为了探讨自燃煤矸石轻集料混凝土结构耐久性能．通过对自燃煤矸石轻集料、自燃煤矸石轻集料混凝土的耐久性科研成果分析、工程应用情况、有关耐久性调查及长期自然环境下自燃煤矸石混凝土碳化试验研究后说明，只要制定合理标准。严格执行、精心设计、合理选材、加强管理、自燃煤矸石混凝土是可以满足结构耐久性要求。     

煤矸石中氟的赋存特性及生态风险评价

为确定陕西韩城矿区和黄陵矿区煤矸石中氟的赋存特征及潜在生态风险,以韩城石炭-二叠纪煤矸石和黄陵侏罗纪煤矸石为研究对象,对两地煤矸石中6种形态的氟化物进行连续分级提取,使用分光光度计测定含量.结果表明:韩城矿区和黄陵矿区煤矸石中氟赋存形态以次生相(水溶态、离子交换态、无定形铁铝结合态、结晶铁铝结合态和有机结合态)为主,质...     

煤矸石综合利用工艺探索

煤矸石是采煤和选煤过程中排放的固体废物,约占原煤的10％～20％。目前中国煤矸石综合利用率较低,为62．2％左右,造成煤矸石堆积量日益增多。大量煤矸石长期堆放不仅占用土地,而且造成环境污染,甚至威胁到矿区居民生命财产安全。结合国内外煤矸石综合利用情况,探索煤矸石的综合利用工艺。结合煤矸石减排技术、煤矸石直接利用技术、煤矸石改性利用技术、煤矸石燃烧后利用以及矸石山自燃热能利用技术,大胆提出了几种煤矸石综合利用工艺设想,希望能对国内煤矸石综合利用企业起到抛砖引玉之效。     

自燃煤矸石作水泥混合材的试验研究

以磨细自燃煤矸石等量取代水泥熟料,制成自燃煤矸石水泥。试验研究了自燃煤矸石的掺量对水泥净浆流动度、标准稠度需水量、凝结时间和胶砂强度的影响。研究结果表明:自燃煤矸石可以作为水泥混合材使用,其掺量宜控制在30%以内。     

非自燃煤矸石混凝土的制备与力学性能研究

以非自燃煤矸石、粉煤灰和水泥等为原料制备了非自燃煤矸石混凝土,研究了水胶比、粉煤灰替代率对非自燃煤矸石混凝土坍落度和抗压强度的影响.结果表明,当水胶比为0.4、0.45和0.5时,随着粉煤灰替代率从0增加至20％时,非自燃煤矸石混凝土搅拌后的坍落度呈现逐渐增大的趋势;当粉煤灰替代率相同时,水胶比更大的非自燃煤矸石混凝土...     

粉煤灰灌浆材料防治煤矸石山自燃的探讨

煤矸石山自燃严重污染环境,危害矿区居民的身体健康。利用粉煤灰浆液进行注浆灭火,以废治废,既可取得较好的社会效益,又可以取得较大的经济效益。粉煤灰浆液呈弱碱性,可中和矸石山的酸性环境,抑制硫杆菌类细菌的生长,减慢黄铁矿的氧化速度,减慢煤矸石山的热量积聚,同时粉煤灰浆液结石后,可有效堵塞矸石山孔隙,减少矸石山内部空气的流通速度,从而阻止煤矸石山的自燃。     

SRB协同自燃煤矸石处理含Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)煤矿废水研究

针对自燃煤矸石和煤矿废水污染环境的问题,采用单因素试验和对比试验探究了SRB协同自燃煤矸石对煤矿废水中Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)的去除效果。结果表明,相比于自燃煤矸石和NaOH改性自燃煤矸石,SRB协同自燃煤矸石处理煤矿废水效果更佳。当振荡时间为180 min,SRB协同自燃煤矸石投加量为40 g/L,废水初始pH=5,振荡频率为150 r/min,粒径为0.125~0.200 mm时,Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)去除率分别可达到84.38%、83.33%和77.85%。SRB改变了煤矸石的矿物组成,促进了其对废水中污染物的去除。     

钢渣与自燃煤矸石复掺对水泥性能的影响

运用正交试验研究了钢渣与自燃煤矸石的复掺比例、比表面积及石膏的种类等对复合水泥性能的影响。结果表明,钢渣与自燃煤矸石的复配比例是影响其强度的关键因素,其次分别为钢渣、自燃煤矸石的比表面积,而石膏的种类对其影响最小。试验优化的配比为：钢渣和自燃煤矸石的配合比为25%∶5%,钢渣比表面积为448m2/kg,自燃煤矸石比表面积为640m2/kg,石膏为3份天然二水石膏混合2份脱硫石膏,以及配比为钢渣和自燃煤矸石的配合比为25%∶5%,钢渣比表面积为516m2/kg,自燃煤矸石比表面积为470m2/kg,石膏种类为3份天然二水石膏混合2份改性磷石膏。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

泡沫起泡性、稳定性及评价方法

本文论述了泡沫的两个基本性质:起泡性和稳定性。对起泡性和提高泡沫稳定性的方法作了评价。