最优控制问题弱间断解的一个自适应算法

针对最优解有弱间断的最优控制问题提出一个自适应算法.时间区间被划分为若干子区间,使用分段多项式逼近最优控制问题的解,在每个子区间内,最优控制问题被拟谱方法离散,使用的配置点是Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto点.根据计算出的数值解提供的后验信息,该自适应算法既能剖分产生新的子区间,又能在子区间内增加逼近多项式的次数.最后通过若干例子表明了所提出算法的高精度和有效性.     

基于信息论的图K划分方法

图划分问题是一个NP完全问题,很难在多项式时间内获得一个最优解。为快速获得一个图划分的近似最优解,研究了信息论中的相关知识,设计了一个基于信息论的求解图K划分的近似算法。该算法通过快速求解各节点的自信息及熵,获得各节点集之间的相关性,从而获得相应的划分。经分析,该算法的时间复杂度为O(V2)。实验结果表明,该算法获得的解同工具metis的求解效果相当,且在时间上明显优于metis工具。     

图(k,m)最优划分的近似算法

本文提出了无向图(k,m)最优划分的一个近似算法,证明了这是一个产生近似最优解的多项式时间算法。在最坏情况下,该算法的性能保证为一个参数k所界定,这里k是与问题输入尺寸无关的。     

一种针对单快拍DOA估计的子空间搜索近似消息传递算法

压缩感知（Compressed sensing,CS）技术应用于单快拍波达方向（Direction of arrival,DOA）估计中可以实现相关信号的超分辨估计,但会遇到感知矩阵高相干性以及对噪声敏感的问题.本文提出一种基于近似消息传递的子空间搜索算法以解决上述问题.该算法首先通过近似消息传递算法得到一个粗解,随后利用该粗解划分子空间,最后在子空间中寻找精确解.仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性.文章最后通过理论分析了该算法性能并讨论了算法在信号数未知时的扩展应用.     

短块移动排序的14/11近似算法

块移动是基因重组的一种重要形式.短块移动是将排列中的元素最多移动到偏离原来两个位置的块移动.Heath和Vergara最先给出短块移动排序近似度为4/3的多项式时间算法.本文设计了近似性能比为14/11的短块移动排序新算法.首先讨论了具有伞形结构排列图的子排列的排序方法,并将这种子排列称为‘伞’,设计了特殊子排列伞短块移动排序的多项式时间精确算法.然后给出关联伞子排列短块移动排序的贪心算法.讨论了5种特殊子排列的短块移动排序方法,证明了它们短块移动距离的新下界,从而证明此贪心算法的近似性能比为14/11,这是目前解答短块移动排序问题近似性能比最小的多项式近似算法.     

基于新模型的动态多目标优化进化算法

在动态多目标优化中,各目标通常相互冲突,其最优解往往有无穷多个,如何在时间连续发生变化的情况下依然能求出分布均匀且数量多的Pareto最优解供决策者选择十分重要.对动态多目标优化问题连续变化的时间变量区间进行了任意划分,在得到的每个时间子区间上把动态多目标优化问题近似为静态多目标优化问题,进而在每个子区间上定义了种群的静态序值方差和静态密度方差,然后把目标个数任意的动态多目标优化问题转化成一个双目标静态优化问题.在给出的一种能自动检测时间变化的自检算子下,提出一种新的动态多目标优化进化算法,并且证明了算法的收敛性.计算机仿真表明新算法对动态多目标优化问题求解十分有效.     

移动异构传感器网络分布式部署算法

针对移动异构传感器网络中的最大覆盖问题,论文提出了一种分布式部署算法.该算法依据节点坐标及其感知范围而更新目标划分子区间,使子区间内的各个节点能结合自身及其delaunay邻居节点当前的几何位置和剩余能量值确定速度向量,同时利用节点的移动特性,使调整后的网络最大化覆盖目标区域.仿真结果表明,该算法在提高网络覆盖率和协调速度的同时,能兼顾网络节点剩余能量的均衡.     

采用离散烟花算法的移动群智感知异构任务分配

建立移动群智感知异构任务分配问题的数学模型，该模型考虑参与者的心理与行为过程，并引入环境信息和参与者健康状况、信誉度和测量时间等因素，通过寻找最优任务分配方案，最小化任务完成的总成本，该总成本包括补偿成本、数据损失成本和距离成本3方面。为求解该模型，提出一种引入了预测信息的离散烟花算法。该算法采用整数编码方式，利用模型中的距离和匹配度2种启发信息设计烟花爆炸算子，提出了爆炸振幅的分组线性预测策略和变异算子的自适应竞争机制。实验结果表明，与已有算法相比，所提算法在移动群智感知异构任务分配问题上能够搜索到更优的分配方案。     

动态规划算法在基于子区间消除的随机点定位问题中的应用

针对原有基于判决方程的子区间消除算法中所存在的判决结果与决策表不相符,以及当子区间划分规模增大时,运行时间呈平方次增长的问题,本文提出了一种全新的基于动态规划的子区间消除算法。新算法充分利用动态规划在多阶段决策问题中的卓越性能,将子区间的消除问题划分为合理性判断和新区间生成两部分,这两个部分均可以利用动态规划中子问题分割的思想来解决。文中证明了通过解决这些子问题可以构造得到原问题的最优解,分析了算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度。为了检验新算法的性能,本文从理论和实验两种维度,进行了新旧两种算法的对比。实验结果表明,该方法大大降低了算法的时间复杂度,有效克服了子区间规模增大所导致的问题,提高了算法的灵活性和运行速度。     

基于数据驱动的群智感知任务分配算法

摘要：群智感知技术的应用实现了人群感测作用的最大化,作为社会网络研究的核心技术之一,然而对于感知参与者的位置和轨迹不确定性的问题造成群智感知数据实时性较差。为此,本文提出了一种基于空间任务分配的移动群智任务分配算法,该算法采用动态和自适应的数据驱动方案获取最优的模式来解决感知动态化问题;算法基于公开历史轨迹的移动模型（基于马尔科夫模型）,根据初始任务按照贝叶斯推理来估算下一位置,基于该算法的数据采集策略可以实现有本地服务引导未来数据的收集,从而完成整个感知的回路反馈。本文所提出的任务分配被证明基于不确定轨迹的移动群智感知任务分配是有效的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.