一种高吞吐量、高可扩展数据中心网络结构

虽然以服务器为中心的数据中心网络互连结构部分程度地解决了树型结构面临的性能瓶颈和可扩展性难题,但如何使数据中心网络同时兼具高吞吐量和高可扩展能力,仍然是一个颇具挑战性的问题.为此,提出了具有高吞吐量和高可扩展能力的常量度数数据中心网络互连结构XDCent.XDCent 在各服务器网络端口个数为常量的情况下,确保数据中心网络在保持高吞吐量的前提下能够进行系统规模的无损和持续扩展.     

MDCent:一种高可扩展、高吞吐量的模块间互连结构

近年来,提出的以服务器为中心的新型数据中心网络互连结构部分程度地解决了传统树型结构面临的性能瓶颈和可扩展性难题,同时出现了以集装箱为基本模块构建超大规模的数据中心.然而,如何设计模块之间的互连结构,确保数据中心网络具有高可扩展性、模块之间具有高带宽是一个非常具有挑战性的问题.以BCube为代表的新型数据中心网络,能够将数千台服务器互连在一个集装箱内,且对各种典型流量模式提供较高的带宽.提出了一种常量度数的模块之间的互连结构MDCent.MDCent基于BCube结构进行模块内服务器互连,利用模块内大量未被使用的上行端口,在各个模块保持常量度数的情况下,能够保证模块之间具有高可扩展性,同时模块之间具有较高的带宽.     

一种构建超大规模数据中心的模块化网络结构

模块化数据中心网络的模块间互联结构和路由负责模块的有效组织,以及不同模块服务器间的高效通信.为此,如何设计具有高带宽、高容错和高可扩展能力的互联结构以支持大规模、超大规模数据中心的构建成为模块化数据中心网络需要解决的首要问题.提出了一种构建超大规模模块化数据中心的模块间互联结构MDKautz,该结构通过模块内大量未被使用的交换机预留高速端口将模块以Kautz图互连,在无需额外增加任何高端交换设备的前提下,构造出具有高带宽、高容错和灵活可持续扩展性的超大规模数据中心网络.对MDKautz的构建方法、路由策略以及扩展方法进行了分析,数学分析和模拟实验结果证明了该新型网络结构具有良好的拓扑特性和通信性能,可有效支持数据中心高带宽、高容错的典型应用.     

DCent:基于双网卡服务器的高可扩展数据中心网络结构

虽然以服务器为中心的新型数据中心网络互联结构部分一般程度地解决了传统树型结构面临的性能瓶颈和可扩展性难题,但是,现行服务器大多数带有2个网络端口,如何基于双网卡服务器设计一种高可扩展、高性能的数据中心网络互联结构是一个颇具挑战性的问题.提出了基于双网卡服务器的高效可扩展数据中心网络互联结构DCent.DCent具有较高的网络吞吐量,使得数据中心能够进行无损和持续扩展,各类应用能够不受数据中心规模扩展的影响而继续运行;且服务器之间通过交换机进行互联,避免了服务器之间的直接连线,具有良好的模块化性.     

面向HPC和DC的可重构光互连网络体系结构综述

互连网络是高性能计算系统和数据中心的核心组件之一,也是决定其系统整体性能的全局性基础设施。随着高性能计算、云计算和大数据技术的迅速发展,传统的电互连网络在性能、能耗和成本等方面无法满足高性能计算应用和数据中心业务的大规模可扩展通信需求,面临着严峻的挑战。为此,近年来相关研究者提出了多种面向高性能计算和数据中心的可重构的光互连网络结构。首先阐明了光互连网络相对于电互连网络的优势;然后介绍了几种典型的可重构光互连网络体系结构,并对其特点进行了分析比较;最后探讨了可重构光互连网络的发展趋势。     

FSDC:灵活的高可扩展数据中心网络结构

随着互联网络数据量的急速增长和在线服务的不断增加,数据中心的网络规模不断扩大.如何构建一个能灵活扩展,具有成本效益,同时在网络进行扩展时能保持其拓扑性质不变的数据中心网络结构,已成为一个颇具挑战性的问题.笛卡尔乘积图是一种具有高可扩展性的复合图,它由基础图构造而来,通过使用笛卡尔乘积图能更灵活地构建任何规模的网络结构....     

一种扩展的OTIS-Mesh网络结构的研究

OTIS-Mesh网络是一种以Mesh为因子网的层次互连网络结构,具有许多良好的性质,解决了互连网络的通信瓶颈问题.然而研究其性质发现,OTIS-Mesh网络结构不完全对称,因此开发基于OTIS-Mesh网络结构的一些算法并不简单.为了解决这一问题,提出了一种扩展的OTIS-Mesh网络结构,并研究了其主要性质和路由算法.通过与OTIS-Mesh网络的分析比较表明,扩展的OTIS-Mesh网络更具有对称性,且具有更好的拓扑性质.     

一种基于Chiplet集成技术的超高阶路由器设计

高带宽、低延迟的高阶路由器对于构建大规模可扩展的互连网络有着重要的作用,但是受限于单个路由芯片设计复杂度的不断增加以及摩尔定律、登纳德缩放定律的放缓与停滞,在单个路由芯片上扩展更多的端口数将变得越来越难。Chiplet将多个裸片以特定的方式集成在一个高级封装内,形成具有特定功能的大芯片,以此解决芯片设计中涉及的规模、研制成本和周期等方面的问题。根据Chiplet集成技术的思想,利用已有的路由芯片,提出了一种基于Chiplet的128端口高阶路由器,这种高阶路由器内部是一个由多个Switch Die以二层胖树拓扑构成的网络。通过实际的RTL级代码仿真测试,对比于单芯片的高阶路由器设计方式,所设计的路由器在扩展了更多端口数的同时,还能够达到较好的性能。     

雪花结构:一种新型数据中心网络结构

该文分析了传统数据中心的不足以及新型数据中心具备的新特点,借鉴已有数据中心结构,依据著名的科赫曲线(Koch curve),提出了新型数据中心网络结构--雪花结构.该结构充分考虑了数据中心的可扩展性,在保证交换机与服务器较低数量比例(0.125～0.333)的前提下,可以在较短的平均路径内实现节点间路由机制,具有较小的...     

全互连立方体网络在并行处理系统中的应用

提出一种应用于大规模并行处理系统的结点度等于常数的递归多级分层互连网络 ,称为全互连立方体网络 (fully connected cubic network,FCCN) .FCCN具有可扩展性好、延伸性能好等优点 .一个 m- FCCN可以由 8个(m - 1) - FCCN递归得到 ,FCCN网络的结点度与网络的规模大小无关等于常数 4,网络的直径和平均结点距离都与结点数的立方根成正比 .提出 FCCN中的简单路由算法 .并将 FCCN互连网络结构在大规模光电混合处理系统中进行应用 ,通过实际计算结果证明 FCCN具有比较高的并行处理效率     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.