木聚糖酶对马尾松KP浆漂白机理的探索

采用常规分析方法对纸浆卡伯值、粘度和戊聚糖含量等进行分析 ,又采用紫外光谱、高效液相色谱、凝胶渗透色谱及扫描电镜等仪器分析方法分别对酶解浆、酶解液及酶解浆稀碱抽出液进行了分析。结果认为 ,木聚糖酶用于化学浆漂白的机理是其降解了残余木质素中的LCC结构和部分木聚糖 ,从而节省了后序化学漂剂的用量 ,提高了纸浆白度     

木聚糖酶NY—111对桉木KP浆漂白的研究

探讨了木浆糖酶ＮＹ－１１１用于桉木ＫＰ浆漂白预处理的最佳工艺条件及木聚糖酶预处理对桉木ＫＰ浆ＣＥＨ三段漂的影响。结果表明,用于漂白预处理的最佳工艺条件为酶 ５ＩＵ／ｇ,时间为２ｈ,对ＣＥＨ三段漂的影响为：与常规法１０％用氯量相比,达到相近白度且得率相近时,采用木聚糖酶预处理,可减少约５０％的用氯量、而强度未下降。     

木聚糖酶对硫酸盐浆漂白得率的影响

用木聚糖酶处理本色浆可以提高硫酸盐浆厂的产量、节约漂白化学品的用量或使最终产品达到较高的白度。阔叶木和针叶木浆均可以用木聚糖进行处理。但是在阔叶木浆厂已经发现，增加了污水处理系统中BOD负荷，通常还加大了漂白得率的损失。测定了4种硫酸盐浆的漂白得率，这4种浆为2种阔叶木浆，1种针叶木浆和1种氧脱木质素针叶木浆，使用由Paprican研制的漂白程序进行漂白。     

麦草生物化机浆的木聚糖酶漂白

探讨了在由PhanerochaetechrysosporiumME446麦草上固态发酵制得的木聚糖粗酶对麦草生物化机浆漂白效果的改善作用,并对其预处理工艺进行了优化。实验结果表明,当木聚糖酶用量为15IU/g,浆浓15%,处理3h后,麦草生物化机浆的白度可达到66.1%ISO。文章还对木聚糖酶处理前后的麦草化机浆纤维进行了扫描电镜的观察。     

杨木APMP与杨木化学浆配抄对纸张性能的影响

研究了典型的国产高得率浆杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆(APMP)与杨木化学浆配抄对纸张有关性能的影响。结果表明,杨木APMP的比例在50%时,纸张松厚度和不透明度分别增加了39%和9%;同时,纸张平滑度和强度性能有所下降,但由于杨木APMP具有较高的细小纤维含量,因此在一定程度上抵消了其负面影响。     

漆酶和木聚糖酶预处理对麦草浆漂白性能的影响

生物漂白主要目的在于通过对纸浆预处理,减少后续漂白时漂剂用量,降低漂白废水对环境污染,同时改善纸浆性能。通过漆酶/木聚糖酶体系(LXS)和重组木聚糖酶(X)对麦草浆预处理,比较它们对浆料脱木素能力和漂白性能的影响。结果表明:麦草浆经过两种酶预处理后,都能降低浆料卡伯值,而漆酶处理后降低的幅度更大,与原浆和木聚糖酶处理浆相比分别降低32.64%和6.47%,但是在木聚糖酶处理液中能检测到更多的还原糖;两种酶处理浆在后续漂白中漂白至与对照浆相近白度时均能节省50%漂剂用量,且能改善浆料物理强度;比较两种酶对浆料漂白性能的影响,则是在相同漂剂用量时木聚糖酶漂白浆的白度稍高,而浆料得率和强度稍低;两种酶处理浆料的纤维素结晶度测定表明酶处理前后浆料的纤维素的结晶结构没有明显的变化,而且纤维素的结晶度都有不同程度的提高。通过扫描电镜观察以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,从理论上说明两者脱木素的差异。     

E—An—76对桦木硫酸盐浆无氯漂白流程的影响

本文研究了半纤维素酶E—An—76对桦木硫酸盐浆无氯漂白流程的影响．研究结果表明：在桦木硫酸盐浆OEDP漂白过程中插入E－An－76组成的OXEDP流程与原漂程比较，可节省大量化学漂剂的用量而保持白度和得率。     

机械力化学效应对麦草浆重组木聚糖酶生物漂白的影响

利用机械力化学作用,以提高木聚糖酶预处理效果。论文研究了磨浆对重组木聚糖酶预处理效果的影响;磨浆前后重组木聚糖酶预处理对浆料漂白性能的影响。研究结果表明:采用机械力化学作用酶处理时比较适合的磨浆时间为5 min,打浆度在30 oSR左右,在酶用量为5 IU/g时,脱木素率达到29.7%,与磨浆前酶处理相比,脱木素率提高了34.4%;磨浆前后的浆料经过重组木聚糖酶预处理,在后续漂白时漂至与对照浆相近白度时(72.6%ISO),分别节省了50%和57.1%用氯量,大大减轻了漂白废水对环境的污染;通过磨浆前后酶处理液高效液相色谱分析、浆料结晶度测定以及扫描电镜的观察,从理论上证实了重组木聚糖酶在助漂时的机械力化学效应,并为它的广泛应用提供了理论依据。     

木聚糖酶预处理对NaOH-AQ法麦草浆H_2O_2漂白效果的影响

探讨了木聚糖酶预处理对麦草化学浆 H2 O2 漂白可漂性等的影响。结果表明 :与对照浆漂至相近白度 ,木聚糖酶预处理后可节省 H2 O2 用量 4 0 %以上 ,且浆的强度变化不大 ;酶预处理还可以改善 H2 O2 漂后浆的滤水性能 ,提高漂白浆的白度稳定性。     

pH值对木聚糖酶预处理麦草浆的影响

利用木聚糖酶对麦草浆进行预处理,可有效降低后续漂白时的有效氯用量.在不同的pH值影响下,酶与底物均有不同的解离状态,最终影响酶活力.结果表明:经过不同pH值下木聚糖酶的预处理,综合考虑纸浆的白度、卡伯值、强度等因素,最适的木聚糖酶预处理麦草浆的pH值为6.0.     

Use of a Novel Extremophilic Xylanase for an Environmentally Friendly Industrial Bleaching of Kraft Pulps

Xylanases can boost pulp bleachability in Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) processes, but their industrial implementation for producing bleached kraft pulps is not straightforward. It requires enzymes to be active and stable at the extreme conditions of alkalinity and high temperature typical of this industrial process; most commercial enzymes are unable to withstand these conditions. In this work, a novel highly thermo and alkaline-tolerant xylanase from Pseudothermotoga thermarum was overproduced in E. coli and tested as a bleaching booster of hardwood kraft pulps to save chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) during ECF bleaching. The extremozyme-stage (EXZ) was carried out at 90 °C and pH 10.5 and optimised at lab scale on an industrial oxygen-delignified eucalyptus pulp, enabling us to save 15% ClO₂ to reach the mill brightness, and with no detrimental effect on paper properties. Then, the EXZ-assisted bleaching sequence was validated at pilot scale under industrial conditions, achieving 25% ClO₂ savings and reducing the generation of organochlorinated compounds (AOX) by 18%, while maintaining pulp quality and papermaking properties. Technology reproducibility was confirmed with another industrial kraft pulp from a mix of hardwoods. The new enzymatic technology constitutes a realistic step towards environmentally friendly production of kraft pulps through industrial integration of biotechnology.     

The Impact of Xylanase and Hot Acid Pretreatment on HexAs in Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Bleaching

The influence of the presence of hexenuronic acid (HexA) in eucalyptus kraft pulp on the efficiency of D₀EpD₁ was investigated by separately using both commercial cellulase-free xylanase and hot acid pretreatments. In comparison to the xylanase pretreatment, the hot acid pretreatment was more than four-fold effective in removing the HexAs (61%) and concomitantly reduced the kappa number, but resulted in lower viscosity. After subsequent D₀EpD₁ bleaching, the final brightness and its stability were improved remarkably, especially under xylanase pretreatment. At the same brightness of 85% ISO, the xylanase pretreatment reduced the consumption of active chlorine (35.6%) more than the acid pretreatment did (27.5%). The total relative active chlorine savings for the xylanase pretreatment over the acid pretreatment was therefore nearly 23%. The HexA component can be removed considerably in both D₀ and D₁ stages during the D₀EpD₁ bleaching sequence, while only slightly in the Ep stage. The use of xylanase and acid pretreatment both resulted in insignificant physical strength losses for the bleached pulps.     

桉木硫酸盐浆DMD漂白工艺条件的研究

使用新漂剂二甲基二环氧乙烷（Dimethyldioxirane,简称DMD）漂白桉木硫酸盐浆时,应严格控制反应的pH值为7．0~7．5;过氧硫酸盐和丙酮用量增加,二甲基二环氧乙烷的漂白能力随之增强;5％用量的DMD漂浆经碱抽提后脱木素能力与氧脱水素相当,但前者漂浆得率高,脱木素选择性好。     

漆酶和聚木糖酶协同漂白蔗渣硫酸盐浆的研究

进行了蔗渣硫酸盐浆漆酶 /介体 (LMS)生物漂白的研究 ,分析了漆酶 /介体体系和聚木糖酶在漂白流程中作为前后漂段或在同一段中同时使用对漂白效果的影响。漆酶 /介体体系与聚木糖酶同时或前后处理蔗渣硫酸盐浆 ,在一定程度上提高了纸浆的漂终白度和强度 ,说明生物漂白改善了漂白选择性     

碱法麦草浆木聚糖酶处理后木质素及碳水化合物的变化

采用UV光谱、凝胶色谱、X—射线衍射及扫描电镜等技术对碱法麦草浆的酶解浆和酶解液进行分析,探讨了木聚糖酶对碱法麦草浆处理后浆中木质素和碳水化合物的变化情况。研究认为,木聚糖酶对碱法麦草浆漂白作用主要是因为木聚糖酶降解了浆中部分木聚糖和残余木质素中的LCC结构,从而使后序漂白中漂液更易渗透,木质素的溶出更多、更易。     

Behavior of Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Extractives Components across ECF Bleaching and Their Impact on Brightness Reversion

Abstract

This study investigated the chemical composition of the dichloromethane and acetone extracts of eucalypt pulp across D(EP)DP and AZDP bleaching sequences by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The bleaching stages led to the partial removal and to several oxidative transformations of fatty acids and sterols, the main lipophilic extractives found in the unbleached pulp. The pulp samples were bleached to 90–91% ISO by D(EP)DP and AZDP sequences and their brightness stability and chemical characteristics determined. The effect of aging on brightness was investigated. The AZDP bleaching sequence resulted in pulps of higher brightness stability. Furoic structures representing the main acid degradation products of HexA are suggested as the actual intermediates that cause yellowing by forming colored compounds. The AZDP process removed larger amounts of HexA across bleaching.     

Effect of Alkaline Hemicellulose Extraction on Kraft Pulp Fibers from Eucalyptus Grandis

Abstract

The alkaline extraction of hemicelluloses from hardwoods prior to pulping, for further conversion to value-added products, seems to be a promising pathway for paper mills to increase profit and improve sustainability. However, the amount of hemicellulose extracted will be limited by the requirement to maintain pulp quality and pulp yield in comparison to existing pulping processes. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature, and time on hemicellulose extraction of Eucalyptus grandis were studied using a statistical experimental design. Extracted wood chips were subjected to kraft pulping to evaluate the effect of the extraction on cooking chemicals, pulp quality, and handsheet paper strengths. The selective xylan recovery (12.4% dry mass) from E. grandis combined with low-cooking, active alkali charge, and less cooking time advantaged the xylan extraction and subsequent modified kraft pulping process under the studied conditions. Pulp viscosity, breaking strength, and tensile index of handsheets were slightly improved.