SAR图象中道路网络提取算法研究

提出了一种利用遗传算法从高分辨率SAR图象中提取道路网络的方法。高分辨率SAR图象中目标背景复杂,同时由于受相干斑噪声的影响,很难直接从原始图象数据中提取道路特征。首先利用模糊C均值对滤波后的图象进行聚类,将道路类象素从图象中分离出来;根据聚类结果及道路特征建立数学模型,利用遗传算法搜索全局最优道路。实验结果表明该方法可以很好地从SAR图象中提取道路网络。     

综合灰度与纹理特征的高分辨率星载SAR图像建筑区提取方法研究

高分辨率SAR图像的纹理特性对于图像的解译及地物分类等具有重要的意义。根据高分辨率星载SAR图像上建筑区的纹理有别于其他地物的特点,提出了一种综合利用灰度和纹理特征的高分辨率星载SAR图像建筑区提取方法。首先对SAR图像进行斑点噪声的抑制,然后利用灰度共生矩阵计算出星载SAR图像上建筑区与非建筑区的8种纹理特征统计量,根据巴氏距离进行特征选择,并通过主成分分析去除纹理特征之间的相关性,得到了最佳纹理特征分量,将所选的特征影像与原始图像进行波段组合,利用K均值聚类算法对组合后的图像进行非监督分类;最后通过对分类图像进行后处理并提取外部轮廓,提取了建筑区。以COSMO-SkyMed SAR影像为数据源进行了实验。结果表明该方法能够有效提取高分辨率星载SAR图像中的建筑区,提取效果明显优于未利用纹理特征的方法。     

纹理与几何特征在道路提取中的应用

提出一种利用纹理与几何特征的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法。首先分析高分辨率遥感影像的纹理特征,提出基于纹理特征的聚类方法,将影像大致分为道路区域和非道路区域,然后选取适当的几何特征指数,剔除道路区域中含有的非道路像素,得到初步道路信息。最后通过数学形态学处理,去除初步道路信息中由于车道线、树木影响而产生的孔洞,最后得到完整的道路信息。实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,该方法能够有效地从高分辨率遥感影像中提取道路。     

一种新的高分辨率SAR图像道路提取算法

针对高分辨率SAR图像中道路目标难以有效提取的问题,提出一种新的高分辨率SAR图像道路提取算法,它结合了参数化内核图割和数学形态学算法。利用参数化内核图割对高分辨率SAR图像中的道路目标进行初级分割,用数学形态学填充空洞,平滑道路边缘;基于道路的几何特征,使用矩阵度、改进的长宽比、复杂度等因子去除虚警;针对处理过程中出现的道路断裂情况,利用数学形态学提取道路目标的中心线,同时根据线段邻近性、方向一致性准则对其断裂部分进行连接,用数学形态学还原道路宽度,得到道路提取结果。实验结果表明该算法不用进行SAR图像预处理,也可以有效抑制相干斑噪声,并且能准确、较为完整地提取道路目标。     

基于模糊连接度的高分辨率SAR图像道路自动提取

针对高分辨率合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像受到乘性斑点噪声的影响,且道路环境复杂多变的问题,提出一种基于模糊连接度的高分辨率SAR图像道路自动提取方法。首先,对SAR图像进行斑点滤波,以降低斑点噪声的影响;其次,结合指数加权均值比(ROEWA)算子检测结果和模糊C均值(FCM)分割结果自动提取种子点,从而提高自动化程度;最后,利用以图像灰度和ROEWA检测算子边缘强度为特征的模糊连接度算法对种子点进行扩展提取道路,经形态学处理后得到最终结果。对两幅SAR图像进行实验,并与FCM方法分割出的道路结果进行比较,所提出的方法在提取完整率、正确率及检测质量上均优于模糊C均值方法。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能较有效地从高分辨率SAR图像中提取不同宽度和弯曲程度的道路,且无需人工输入种子点。     

基于遗传算法的SAR图像自动道路提取

为了有效地进行SAR图像道路目标自动提取,提出了一种基于遗传算法的SAR图像道路目标自动提取方法。该方法首先通过Frost滤波器去相干斑;然后利用乘性Duda线特征检测算子进行线特征检测,接着利用Radon变换进行线基元提取,再利用遗传算法进行线基元连接;最后利用蛇模型调整道路位置并进行道路鉴别。在星载和机载SAR图像上进行的实验以及性能定量评估结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于多尺度特征融合的SAR图像分割

由于存在相干斑噪声的影响,给SAR图像分割造成很大的困难,提出一种基于多尺度特征融合的SAR图像分割方法。该方法利用快速离散curvelet变换提取图像的纹理特征,利用平稳小波变换提取图像的统计特征,将两种多尺度特征融合成高维的特征向量,采用模糊C均值聚类的方法进行分割。在仿真SAR图像和真实SAR图像的分割实验结果表明,提出的方法优于单独采用小波变换进行SAR图像分割的方法,在消除均质区内碎块的同时,使得边界更为精准和平滑。     

结合张量投票和Snakes模型的SAR图像道路提取

目的 Snakes模型对曲线轮廓具有良好的拟合能力,被广泛应用于遥感图像的道路提取。但SAR图像受乘性斑点噪声影响严重,因此利用Snakes模型从SAR图像提取道路时,传统的以图像灰度负梯度为外部能量的方法难以取得理想结果。针对这一问题,利用计算机视觉中的张量投票算法可以从噪声掩盖的图像中提取显著结构特征的特点,将张量投票与Snakes模型结合从SAR图像提取道路。方法 首先利用模糊C均值分割法从SAR图像中分割出道路类,然后对道路类进行张量投票获得每点的曲线显著性值,最后以该曲线显著性值的负值作为Snakes模型外部能量从SAR图像提取道路。在Snakes模型能量最小化阶段,提出了一种优化的拟合策略,一边内插节点一边最小化Snakes模型能量。结果 利用机载和星载不同场景的SAR图像进行实验,与同类的基于Snakes模型的半自动方法相比,本文方法对曲率较大的道路仅需较少控制点即可取得较好的拟合效果;与基于MRF模型的自动方法相比,本文方法对道路提取的完整率、正确率、检测质量都优于基于MRF模型的方法,并且提取的时间远远快于基于MRF模型的方法,对于大范围的道路网提取将更为实用。结论 本文方法充分考虑到道路的几何形态特征,利用张量投票算法对该特征进行量化,并利用优化的拟合策略来最小化Snakes模型能量来提取道路。基于机载和星载SAR图像的实验表明本文方法可以较好地提取不同场景中的主要道路目标和道路网。     

梯度-纹理特征超像素分割的SAR图像阴影识别

为了克服基于像素的合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)图像阴影自动识别中图斑离散和精度低的问题，提出基于梯度-纹理特征超像素分割的SAR图像阴影自动识别方法。首先，提取SAR图像梯度和纹理特征；然后，综合SAR图像梯度和纹理特征进行主成分分析，再采用简单线性迭代聚类算法(SLIC)对前3个主成分合成的图像进行超像素分割；最后，以超像素为分析单元，采用恒虚警率(CFAR)检测算法识别SAR图像阴影。采用MSTAR图像数据集开展实验，并与“像素+CFAR”和“SAR图像超像素分割+CFAR”阴影识别方法进行定性和定量对比。对比实验显示，该方法识别阴影的MIoU值最高(0.882),Hausdorff距离最小(43.55)。实验结果表明，该方法不仅有效解决了SAR图像阴影识别图斑离散问题，而且识别阴影的准确度、识别的阴影边界与真实边界的符合程度均达到了较理想的效果。     

区域GMM聚类的SAR图像分割

高斯混合模型(GMM)聚类算法近年来广泛应用于图像分割领域。但在SAR图像分割中,由于忽略了图像像素间的空间相关性,使其对相干斑噪声十分敏感。提出一种基于区域的GMM聚类算法,它将空间相关性引入聚类分类中,利用分水岭分割得到基本同质区域,计算区域的灰度均值作为GMM聚类算法的输入样本,将聚类特征从像素水平提升到区域水平,减少了噪声对分割结果的影响;并将自身反馈机制引入期望最大化(EM)算法中,进一步提高了GMM模型参数估计的精度。还对合成图像和真实SAR图像进行了分割实验,结果表明新算法可有效地提高分割的     

Coastline extraction from SAR images using spatial fuzzy clustering and the active contour method

Coastline extraction from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is difficult because of the presence of speckle noise and strong signal returns from the wind-roughened and wave-modulated sea surface. High resolution and weather change independent of SAR data lead to better monitoring of coastal sea. Therefore, SAR coastline extraction has taken up much interest. The active contour method is an efficient algorithm for the edge detection task; however, applying this method to high-resolution images is time-consuming. The current article presents an efficient approach to extracting coastlines from high-resolution SAR images. First, fuzzy clustering with spatial constraints is applied to the input SAR image. This clustering method is robust for noise and shows good performance with noisy images. Next, binarization is carried out using Otsu’s method on the fuzzification results. Third, morphological filters are used on the binary image to eliminate spurious segments after binarization. To extract the coastline, an active contour level set method is used on the initial contours and is applied to the input SAR image to refine the segmentation. Because the proposed approach is based on an active contour model, it does not require preprocessing for SAR speckle reduction. Another advantage of the proposed method is the ability to extract the coastline at full resolution of the input SAR image without degrading the resolution. The proposed approach does not require manual initialization for the level set method and the proposed initialization speeds up the level set evolution. Experimental results on low- and high-resolution SAR images showed good performance for coastline extraction. A criterion based on neighbourhood pixels for the coastline is proposed for the quantitative expression of the accuracy of the method.     

Application of special-purpose artificial neural networks for speckle reduction in SAR images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is used extensively for remote-sensing applications due to its ability to operate under all weather conditions and provide high-resolution images. However, high-resolution images constructed from SAR data often suffer from speckle, which makes identification and classification of edges/boundaries a difficult task. Speckle noise is multiplicative in nature and is a result of constructive and destructive interference of signals from randomly distributed scatterers in a resolution cell illuminated by a coherent signal. Usually, speckle is reduced by incoherent averaging of high-resolution image pixels that degrade resolution. The principal goal in all speckle-reduction algorithms is to reduce speckle with minimum loss of resolution. In this investigation, we used specially trained and validated artificial neural networks (ANNs) for speckle reduction in images generated with a radar-depth sounder/imager and compared their performance to the conventional adaptive filtering and Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) algorithm. We show that by training different ANNs to reduce speckle noise at different levels of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), rather than training one ANN to operate at all levels of SNR, improved performance in speckle reduction can be obtained. Real SAR images and synthetic noise are used in this research to compare the performance of the proposed ANN-based approaches with that obtained from conventional methods. This investigation shows that on combining the results from a set of properly trained and validated neural networks, the SNRs of the output images improve beyond those obtained from conventional approaches when the input SNRs are greater than or equal to 4 dB. For input SNRs greater than 0 dB, however, the ANNs provide better performance in edge preservation compared with conventional methods. We also found that once a set of ANNs is properly trained to reduce speckle from an image, these ANNs can be used in de-speckling other images without any further training. The merits and demerits of different configurations of the ANNs are studied to find useful speckle noise-tolerant ANN architectures.     

高分辨率合成孔径雷达图像高速公路检测法

针对高分辨率合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中高速公路的特征,提出了一种结合多级非线性加权平均中值滤波和Hough变换的高速公路检测算法。该算法首先对原始高分辨率SAR图像进行多级非线性加权平均中值滤波,抑制斑点噪声,同时较好地保留图像的几何特性。然后对滤波后的图像进行Hough变换快速检测高速公路,并将检测到的高速公路信息叠加到原始SAR图像上显示。实验结果证明该算法能快速、有效地从不同工作模式下取得的高分辨率SAR图像中检测到直线高速公路。     

Noise reduction in synthetic aperture radar images using fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a self-illuminating imaging technique; it produces high resolution images in all weather conditions, day and night. SAR images are widely accepted and used by many application scientists. However, the SAR images are corrupted with speckle noise. Speckle noises are caused by random interference of electromagnetic signals scattered by the object surface within one resolution element. The amount of noise and distribution of noise corrupting the image is unpredictable. Conventional noise filters are quantitative in nature; they are not well suited for uncertainty problems. Fuzzy logic is capable of handling uncertainty. In this work, noisy pixels in the images are identified by using fuzzy rules and filtered using fuzzy weighted mean, keeping the healthy pixels unchanged. The optimum value of parameters used in defining fuzzy membership function is determined by using genetic algorithm (GA). Reducing noise and simultaneously preserving image details are the two most desirable characteristics of noise filters. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and edge preserving factor (EPF) are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed fuzzy filter. SAR images affected by varying amounts of speckle noise are used to evaluate the performance. It was observed that the proposed filter suppresses noise and preserves image edges.

     

A novel method for speckle noise reduction and ship target detection in SAR images

It is very difficult to detect small targets when the scattering intensity of background clutter is as strong as the targets and the speckle noise is serious in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Because the scattering of man-made objects lasts for a longer time than that of background clutter in azimuth matching scope, it is much easier for man-made objects to produce strong coherence than ground objects. As the essence of SAR imaging is coherent imaging, the contrast between targets and background clutter can be enhanced via coherent processing of SAR images. This paper proposes a novel method to reduce speckle noise for SAR images and to improve the detected ratio for SAR ship targets from the SAR imaging mechanism. This new method includes the coherence reduction speckle noise (CRSN) algorithm and the coherence constant false-alarm ratio (CCFAR) detection algorithm. Real SAR image data is used to test the presented algorithms and the experimental results verify that they are feasible and effective.     

基于小波域空间树结构的合成孔径雷达图像压缩

空间树结构SOT(Spatial-Orientation Tree)在基于小波的SAR图像压缩中扮演着及其重要的角色,包括EZW(Embedded Zero-tree Wavelet)和SPIHT(Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees)的图像压缩编码方法,都利用了SOT中的父子关系。斑点噪声的存在,严重降低了SAR图像的质量和可压缩性。作为研究不同分辨率小波系数的空间相关性的非常有效的数据结构,SOT在斑点噪声去除中并没有得到很好的利用。提出一种新的SAR图像压缩方法,该方法结合基于SOT结构的斑点噪声去除和EZW嵌入式零树编码算法,对机载合成孔径雷达图像压缩实验的结果显示,该方法优于JPEG和标准EZW算法。     

基于跨接约束的高分辨率SAR 影像与光学影像配准

为了实现高分辨率SAR 影像与光学影像之间自动/半自动配准, 提出了一种新颖、稳健的匹配算法。算法首先利用仿射变换进行SAR 影像和光学影像粗匹配, 简化了整体算法的处理复杂度;然后利用影像边缘稳健性, 使用边缘提取算子分别对SAR 影像和光学影像进行边缘提取, 为后续精匹配做好了数据准备; 最后使用基于边缘纹理跨接约束进行影像之间精匹配, 方法引入了邻域配准约束机制, 很好的解决了经典匹配多峰值效应, 提高了算法稳健性和实用性。以国内机载高分辨率SAR 数据和SPOT 25 PAN 数据为例进行算法验证, 实验结果表明该算法能实现自动/半自动的高分辨率SAR 和光学影像之间的像素级配准。